Oak ridge, tennessee. In is about an hour and 10 minutes. Good afternoon, everyone. Good afternoon. Glad you made it in the we have a eather but nice representation of people for what i any is going to be an exciting talk so were glad youre here. My name is harold cam bell. Museumfoundation board. Jim campbell whojust stepped in a momentago was the president oftheboard so ive astake the series oftalks. Dr. Mark dean agreedto do this talk several monthsago. Andhe was the firstwhen i saw when i came in so hes here. I thinkyoure in forapleasure ,and hearsome really neatthingsabout what is happening inhis career. And Atthe University of tennessee. A dean is an inventor and computer engineer. Hes local. He was raised in jefferson city. He went to that marvelous universityof tennessee. How Many University of tennessee fans in here . Show of hands. All right, way to go. So he got his first degree from the university of tennessee and went ahead and got his masters electrical e in e engineering. Lost his wayfrom tennesseeand endedup at stanfordfor his ph. D. Pretty good school and have some people here that know about that university soft he is an i. B. M. Fellow and is anybody in here familiar with the i. B. M. P. C. . [laughter] and i bet you cant tell whatyear you became familiarwith the ibm pc . 1985 . Dont remember that far back. [laughter] but this young man is going to talk to us today. He was on the team that developed all that and he has patents to prove it, so he was instrumentalin developing thatinformation technology. Imnot sure what we would do today if we didnt have the p. C. And everything that goes along with that. And hecontinued hiscareer with ibm and becamea fellow, whichis the highestlevel ofdistinctionin that organization. And hes a member of thenational inventors hall of fame. He has several patents himself connected with the p. C. And other endeavors and its just indeed a pleasure. Hes been theinterimdean of the universityof tennessee schoolofengineering,tickle college of engineering. So itis a pleasure to introduce dr. Mark dean. [applause] ok. Good afternoon, everyone. And thanks, harold for the instruction. Im going to put that down there. Im not used tospeaking in amicrophone becauseeven in this size room, i usually can throw my voice. Speaking t used to behind a poem. So i may step out a little bit. Just to seibert. Im glad just to see you better. Im glad you were able to come. The number of peoplehere. We canmake it attractive. Im going to spend a littletime telling meaboutmyselftellingyou aboutmyself, technology. A few thingswe need to think aboutgoing forward,or at leasti would like to have a conversationaroundthem, andthen emerging technologieses and then we can explore whatever space you guys want to explore so i dont have too many constraints, as some of you that know me may know that so, as harold said, im from a little town near here. Jefferson city, tennessee. I started myacademiccareer atnelson mary, ablack school before integration. My grandfather was the principal, so i like to point hat out and that dates me. In the third grade they integrated the schoolsystem so i wentto the integrated school. I wasthe lastclass to graduate fromour small high school. Thats a picture of my early years. I went to the university of tennessee. Got my undergraduatedegree. Andthen ibmhired me intodevelopment. I orked there 10yearson what became the i. B. M. P. C. And relatedtechnologyfor the first 10 years of its life. So i have just over40 patents heard mostofthoseare tiedto most of those are tied to the work we did on the i. B. M. P. C. It wascalledtheisasystembus. T he thingthat defined pc compatibilityfor 15 years. Well talk a little bit more about that but we were actually surprised how long that existed. We didnt really realize wed set the standards to that level. As harold said, i got my ph. D. 34 years ord, i spent at ibm. And i havespentmy last six years asa facultymember atuniversityof tennesseeand as therim dean fortheticklecollege of engineering so ive been blessed, i have to say. Ive been very blessed. Now, many people ask this is the questioni get more than anythingelse, when youwere developingthe ibm pc, did you know what youare doing . [laughter] and i said first, you step back, ok, what did they mean . I think they meant, if you realized the level of impact,goodand bad, thatthe personalcomputer and related technologieswould have on society,productivity,entertain ment,information sharing,businessmodels, communications and allthat all aspects of our lives . So when i recovered, i answer the question as no, we really didnt realize what we were doing. We did realize that we werebuildingsomething that would improveproductivityforpeople for people thatwanted tocreateand manage information. So this includes word processing, ledgers, anybody that bought an original p. C. , this is what you would do. Design, you would have personal data storage. It wasone of the systems thatstarted to allow you to storedata. Locally versus out in the what wasnt the cloud at the time. It was the i. B. M. Mainframe. Cloud so alled the history repeats itself. So we did not realize how much it wouldaffect everyone andenable so much innovation. And just likeall previous innovations,the creators could nothavefully understoodhow they would changethe world. Now the p. C. s, laptops, tablets and your smarts phones are allintegral parts of our lives. Helping uscreateand shareinformation, be entertained, andto get things done. So, again, i was in the rightplace and the righttime, not knowing any betterand things worked out. So ive been fortunate. Ive been fortunate to be a part of a lot of teams that had first accomplishments. His includes the first p. C. , includes the first giga hertz microprocessor. Firstaccomplish mentsibmssupercomputercalled blue jean in new york. Wedeveloped a disciplinecalled services science. If we had a couple of hours, id tell you what that is but trust me, that was interesting. And then actually, morerecentwork that wasdone withone of my colleagues here intheaudience, computingparadigms based on the humanbrain called no morefor computing. So its been great. I cant complain. Ive been able to explore a lot. So everyone asks me what does it feel like to invent . What sit like to have more that be 40 patents . The real truptse is mostof myinventions arethe result of what i would call my superpower. Youre dreaming, rights . Heres my superpower a vivid imagination and confidence to believeyou can build anything. Thats my superpower. Now, im not unique. Everybody has a superpower but most dont realize what it is or have the opportunities to develop and focus on their superpower. Ive had that opportunity. There have been two primary organizationsthat allowed me to developand xploit and my superpower. One was the universityof tennessee. Without that inthe education igot there, i wouldnot have had thechance to go on and be a part ofibm. And course i. B. M. There are some individuals that none of you will recognize but im going to say their names and withoutthem i would notof had the chance to do thingsi would have wasable to do. The firstwas vonschenklin in my early career at alcoa. Ted davisin my early career at ibm. Rod atkins, wayne daviswho is now interim chancellorhere. And he was the reason i came back to be a fk you willty member. My wife denise. Shes been with me and made a lot of things possible. My parents,james and barbaradean. Andmygrandparents eugeneand zsofia peck. A shoutout to them because without them, none of this would have been possible. Been able ctually to, i guess id have to say, change the world. I guess that would be the way id have to put it. Not thinking that was the intent , but thats how it kind of turned out. I also believe that anything we can imagine can be realized. Theres a simple matter of four key elements to make anything you can manage possible. Time, money, risk, and determination. Now, i use the word determination but most people would call that not knowing any better but determination sounds whole lot better. Also, most great innovations that have had the biggest impact society,have occurred in the gapsbetween discipline, right . Putting ideas together from multiplesources and disciplines to solvea problemor to address an opportunity. Thats wheremost of the great innovations haveoccurred. And i would haveto say the pc falls rightinto that category. Innovation being the applicationof invention tosolve a problem is somethingi amfar more proud of than my inventions themselves. Ive got all these patents but the real value is what we did with them. Not the pat epts or inventions themselves. So an invention is worthless impact. Has an change peoples livesor helps people live better, havemore success,be appy, that isthetrue measure of a particular innovation. Watching the use of what we have built to watch someone usea computeri have designed or takeadvantage of what we built that iswhere the joy comes from. Theres a lot of innovationsthatwe often take for granted. And has ignited significant changesin the world. I just wanted to mexico a few. Just to set up the talk after that. , so Harvesting Energy from burning organic material. Wewouldsay diesel engines,gasolineengines,steam engines, thesethings have allowed us to findbreakthroughs in transportation,manufacturing,i nfrastructure,mining, mining, lots of areas. So thats a big deal. Trains, planes, and auto mobile. Auto mobile automobiles. Theyve allowed society to start of spread out. Electricity, significant breakthrough. Through. Wiredcommunication, telegraph, telephone,broadband. And wireless communication. So we wouldnt have tell vacation, radio or cell phones without the wireless mmunications or Standard Communications for that matter. Penicillin and vaccines a big. I was telling someone earlier, ithink the next great breakthroughswill be in biology. Imvery highonpenicillin vaccines andother breakthroughs that are comingin biology. Aspirinand ibuprofen, atomicenergy. A lot of it was developedhere. Plastics. The transistor. Computers, obviously. The internet. And g. P. S. So these are things that, due to innovations and manyothers, that society couldnot live without. Today. Right . They havealso enabled new iscoveriesand new innovations. Theyre not just innovations in hemselves,but they have enabled us to go further. Now, engineers and scientists oftenbuild thingsasachallenge to their abilities. And i have to admit, that iskindof why i builtmost of the things that ive built. Or that ithas never been done before. We are drivenbybeingfirst. Or because itisfun to watch somebody you somethingyou design. These are the things that tend to drive engineers and scientists. Engineers and scientists seldom considerthe impacton societyof a particular invention or innovation may have. At most, this would probably be a secondary consideration andprobably would not occur afterthe first prototypeor demonstration model was done. Going to question this is going to be aquestion that allgreatinnovation that hashad a sniffget in tacked onsociety, also mayhavehada significantimpact onsociety, and i want to explore what responsibility engineers and scientists have to help society understand both ends, right . The positive sides are easy, but can we explain and address and make suresociety is aware of thepotential negatives. Thatwould go along with this. So im going to cover a fewtechnologies and thenmoveon to talk about that in general. Computers. Lets take computers for example. Cell phones, tablets,entertainment systems, cableboxes, all of these are computers basically. And its obvious the Significant Impact theyve had on productivity,information auction andinformation sharing, new formsof entertainment information production and sharing,entertainment, complexsystems modelinglike weatherforecasting,business opportunitiesfor new applicationsand services,it is an endless list, right . It is part of our lives. Now, let me pose this. And i have yet to find somebody that we havea discussionbut is an interesting thought. Think about this. Computers are the onlyproduct where webuythemexpecting them to fail. Right . Its the only one we expect to have to reboot a computer ordownload a new version of softwareto fix it. Ichallenge people, is there anythingelse thatwe buy thatwe expect that of the product . I cant you know, fridge fridges, cars. Light bulbs. But light bulbs at least last five years or 10 years or something. If my depurelt lasted 10 years withoutme having to reboot it. But ido not get a week outof it. Ive neverheard that recalled before. Im not sureyou can upgrade that. Ok. Thosemoments onlyhappen one moment in time so we get to experience those. Thats a positive experience. When you look back on it. Its usually a positive experience. When you look back on your computer blue screening, thats usually not a positive experience. So society now acceptsflaws in computingproductsand the computingindustrytakes advantageof what we have trained societyto expect. We will ship we the computer industrywill ship something beforeit really is a fully tested. Right . Yeah. Didnt know that well, you help them out because you test them it for them, you tell them about the problems and they give you an upgrade. Were used to that we accept i was a part of this and i i funny about it because dmit i was a part of this. Like i said, i feel funny about it. Another negative i would have to say is thatcomputingisinsufficienta t data privacy and data security. I have to admit that we have exposedsocietyto lossof sensitive or personal data. Especially to bad actors. And ill talk more about that later. But i have to saythat we have builtcomputing and we have gonesofar and we do not takeintoconsideration theeffectsonaccess to our private information, and maybe that should have taken a little bit more thought. So, we cant live without computers, right . And if we did, things would slow down significantly. And some of you might say that might be a good deal. A little bit down would be ok. But no, the world is not goingto slow down. So the question is shouldsocietyexpect some of our greatcomputingcap capabilities to be used to improve computing reliability . Should we expectthatinstead ofmore megahertz,more memory, more orage, more about some of that could be used tomake computerslast more years, like a label . Likealight bulb . I do notknow. Could weuse thecapability to provide better protectionto our data . Maybe. Maybe it couldprovidemore independenceforpeople that hasnorelevance to their social statusor financial status. Maybeit would open up new opportunities for everyone. Not just the fewthat can have access to it. The question is, can consumerexpectationsdemand havea major effect on vendorsand what they offer . And yes, they can but we have to decide thatthat is what we want, that we want Something Better and expect that and drive the industry. Maybe. Likeisaid,the upside ofcomputing, theproductivity provides and efficiencies are significant. We accept that and we accept downsides. The here are othertechnologies. Plastics. A huge example. I donot think wecould live without plastic. Packaging of food,distribution of food, reductioninwaste,it has been a big deal for us. But the challenge with plasticsisas you all know, waste. And the potential contaminationof our environment. Again, im notgoingto blamethe innovators of plastic orthetechnology, becauseit is something we can address but obviously these are typesof things we have to thing about. The internet is another one. Again, without the sbernlts, we wouldnt have the great sharing of information, social media, all the great things that weve come to enjoy having internet. Even netflix and all the things that provides. Amazonwould not be here without the internet. But i have to admit, the internet has exposed our information, our personal information, our finances, our confidential records to sposhe on a scale not before possible. Before the internet, youd have to break into an Office Building to get something. Then its local. And now, i can sit in my living room and get access to a lot of stuff. Just something to think about it. Again, im nottrying to denigrateor downgrade thesegreat breakthroughs. We just need to have these conversations. Thats all im trying to expose. , so like asaid, i do notwish to suggest that weshould not havedeveloped ordeployed these technologies. The questionis, should we asengineers andscientists, and imtalkingabout myself,have identified and minimizedthe negatives of these technologiesbefore theywere deployed,or early intheir deployment . And if we had, would anybody have listened . If we had said oh, wait a minute, heres some of the downside, would people have paid attention . Or would they have run off and said thats great, but im doing to do this and this is going to be good soft its an interesting thought. Could we as individuals and ino vailtors have known ahead of time the downside of the distribution and use of these technologies . When we were doing that we didnt predict a lot of stuff. We didnt know any better and it kind of took off but we could have given it a little bit more thought, i think. So is it our responsibility, engineers and scientists, to notify and protect society from the potential downsides and dangerous of a giventology . The real question is whos liable for any damages or losses incurred from the use of a giventology . Who is responsible . Its a thought. Ok, so ill leave you with that lets talk about the newest commodity to be leveraged by us individuals and businesses. Anybody want to guess . Ai. Dr. Dean no, it is a commodity. It is data. Just data. Just data. It gets big because theres a lot of it. The potential revenues and Profit Margins for the creation, collection, integration, analysis, just to be should and distribution and sale of data and information is greater than any other commodity. Right . So Data Information is quickly becoming the new world currency. Far exceeding import and export of any other commodity. Just moving data around. Is a bigger import and export commodity than anything else. And theres going to be more money made on that movement of data than any other commodity. Than any commodity you can think of. This will far exceed the revenues associated with it. Just moving bits around. That is all it is. Theres a lot of money in that business. So, Companies Like amazon and ebay, google, facebook, ups, microsoft, ibm, banc, a center accenture, and many others are making large amounts of money collecting, analyzing, analyzing, leveraging and distributing data. No manufacturing required. People sitting in an Office Building, airconditioned, moving bits around. All these comedies are delivering products and services that have can to beat it to our prosperity. Because they are doing it, we are enjoying that. That prosperity they are providing. Another question, what responsibly do these comedies have in protectdo these companies have in protecting this information we have gathered, that they are gathering and creating. Should these companies treat our data like banks treat our money . Or maybe banks used to treat our money . What penalty should be levied on the loss of this data . What value should we place on things like Social Security numbers and medical records and banking accounts information or purchases. Emails and tweets and website visits. Information on our physical activities and pictures or videos, and all of Data Information. What value should replace on that . Should we start treating Data Information like precious metal . Gold or platinum . Should we think of it that way . Or maybe like a currency . We should treat data like a currency. I do not have the answer. I like talking about it. I like imagining that. People do not realize the value that is in this information. They do not realize how much money is being made because there movement stuff around that you actually have provided. They are moving stuff around that you have provided. It is a commodity. So we probably need to have this conversation. We need to consider the policies that are required to protect us as individuals and our organizations. Heres one of my biggest concerns. It has to do with what could be the next downturn in the global economy. Again, i do not know any better. One of my superpowers. Im going to say this. It will be interesting to hear your response. I think one potential things that could cause a downturn in the global economy, would be the lack of trust. The lack of trust in online information and transactions. I was talking to brian here in the room, we claimed this phenomenon as a trust bubble. What if we had a trust bubble. Such that this would be an environment where individual companies and governments could not trust online correspondence and transactions. So emails, advertisements, retail websites, information sources, news feeds, central media sites and all the others, could be sufficiently untrusted, not completely entrusted, but sufficiently untrusted to restrict transactions, information sharing and productivity. So if entities and transactions and content on the internet become just marginally untrusted, progress in our Global Cultural awareness and global economy, and working globally to solve problems, stalls. If i all the sudden cannot open up and email because i do not trust that it is from who it says its from. Or if i cannot order something from a company because i cannot trust that theyre going to deliver that commodity to me. I stall. If i cannot interact with a colleague because i cannot trust that the email or file that im getting is actually from him, or is clean, or is uncorrupted, i stall. Now cannot do anything. All right. So if this happens, again this is speculative. If this happens, is there a way for us to address this potential issue . Can we deal with this before it becomes reality . If you believe it could become reality . And anytime you have sat in front of your computer and it got in email and you look at in question whether it really is from bankamerica, an insurance company, or someone trying to sell you something, and you have not clicked on it because you do not want to, tammany your system, you have now suffered thatcontent you do not want to contaminate your system, you have now suffered that lack of trust. It is a bubble. All of a sudden we all stall. Can we deal with it . Im going to say yes. It is going to take work. But im going to say yes we can. We need governments, companies, academic institutions and individuals to Work Together globally to establish transparent and effective policies toward providing trusted and secure transactions and information sharing. On the internet. That is a lot to say. Is basically that we can Work Together to fix this. There are technologies to do it. Some of that technologies that can help with this is, and again, its not all of them. And we can argue whether this would work or not some of them i think could help our block chain, agents, Realtime Data analytics, data providence, encryption, and data use and privacy policies that would go a long way to alleviating the threats and maintaining trusts in this environment. Engineers and scientists, it turns out, are second only to nurses in the trust that society has toward their insights and guidance. That feels good, right . Nurses are number one. Everybody kind of trust nurses. Engineers are next. So i tell my students, you carry extra responsibility because of that. My mother depends on you getting it right. And protecting her from everything that is coming at her. So take on that response ability and make sure you keep out of trouble. Because engineers have a huge impact. Engineers make up about 15 of society. 1. 5 of society. But the impact an engineer can have is on hundreds of thousands of people. One little application, one little toy. It is huge. My mother buys those things. I need to make sure that she is ok. This means we have a primary response ability to clearly explain how technology can help us be more prosperous, happy, and protected my experience says that when institutions and individuals are transparent and open and share ideas, technology, and innovation, we create a bigger market. More prosperity. Safer product. In a higher dependence on each other. Dust a more trusted environmentthus a more trusted environment to live work and play. If i have a higher dependence on you, i have to have a higher trust for us to live and Work Together. And a willingness to accept and embrace diversity, diversity of thought. Will also help strengthen trust in these interactions. It is not just technology, we also have to appreciate each others differences. And see the value in that. We are stronger and more protected when we were together. When we Share Technology and knowhow. Markets are created, become more trusted, and grope faster, for people and organizations and companies, when the all caps spateand grow faster. We all can participate. The Marsh Corporation calls this the economics of mutuality. Everybody in the society benefits. As always, technology is an enabler. It is a tool like a hammer. We have to figure out how best to use it. And how best to protect ourselves from people that may want to use it for bad. No matter what it is, you can use it for good and some but it can figure how to use it for bad. So to increase awareness of technology capabilities, and the continued Technology Development of technologies that protect our all being will be key to avoiding this potential downturn. Economic disruption, negative effect that might be realized in our present environment. So i can ramble about technology. Ive a lot of things we are working on. Given the size of the audience, i thought it would be a good time to pause and see if theres something you want to talk about. So theres anything you are interested in, i can repeat it so the recording can pick it up and we will have a chat. Better part of a century ago, mail fraud was made illegal. Also a crime to carry it across the state boundary, National Crimes were made illegal. And now fraud and stemming and so on are definitely running wild. In these classes. This is not an engineering problem except in terms of educating the engineers and the entire population to get a government that can step in and do that. Do you have anything to say about that. Dr. Dean so the question was you figured out how to deal with wire fraud, mail fraud, some other things that were new technologies at the time. The government stepped in and made things illegal. Today itat least some governments have stepped in, not all governments are on the sidelines. In general, we have yet to put in place specific laws we tried to leverage existing law to address it. The problem is the technology is kind of moved beyond what was defined in the old law. So it is hard to have them hold together. Heres what i think. Im going to be gentle. We as engineers and scientists need to help our government officials understand the issues. I cannot expect the people that are our leaders to understand everything. And all aspect of technology. Because they would have to understand biology and computers and nano science and physics and that is just not reasonable. But with they can do is ask us some questions. They can have technical advisors guiding them in these areas. That is our responsibility. If we can offer them insight which we often try to do. We can start to expose these issues and potential solutions. Some of the technologies i read off are technologies that if in place, could help us. Could make a difference. You realize with any kind of improvement, especially where we are. Because there are trillion exo i do not know if you know the term for the amount of information out there. For us to move it is going to cost a bit to get there. People will consider that. Especially corporations, they may say oh wait a minute, you mean this is going to cost me x to do this . You want to say, you have to think about my mother. I will tell them that. You have to protect her. You have to protect my operation. You have to protect my children. I got have an environment where they are safe to do the things they want to do. That should be the starting point of the conversation. Then we can talk about how. We can talk about how to deploy it, technology moves fast. It would not take much time for us to move the needle, enough to where we can avoid what i would call this trust bubble that might be occurring. But it is interesting. I need to read history. My grandfather was a history teacher. He would tell me, what is a saying, history does not repeat, and rhymes we are arriving a couple times now. We are rhyming. How long it took to protect us from l fraud . That will be interestingmail fraud. I would liken it to how long it has taken us to deal with where we are today. It has gone a ways and maybe something needs to happen. Question . The thing that concerns me is that extensive use of these things by children may actually affect how their brains are developing and we will not have any idea until we have gone a couple of generations per him maybe good and it may be awful. It may be good and it may be awful. But we will not know for a long time. That is really creepy. Dr. Dean yes. This is interesting. This is why we should have these conversations. I do not know either. I do know that while we cringe, when i teach my classes and i cringe at the students i have in them like, really . You are our future leaders . [laughter] but i have to say, there are representatives in that classroom that are really strong. They got there because they have all of this access it all of this information. So i think, like anything, there is good and bad. Our kids have benefited from the fact that, instead of having to just be constrained by the Small Library they may have had in their high school or their grammar school, they now have this brought access. But they have somebroad broad access. But now they need something to help them not get confused. Let me say it that way. Maybe we need to leverage some of the technology to help the parents meet her, monitor and contact meter, monitor and control. We used to have that, when you would go to the library and get a book, was hard to the parents not to know what books you are having access to. It is harder now. While i praise the access to this information. I think it is great. I think kids can do things that i would never have been able to do. Because i did not have access to all of that information. With that comes the exposure to stuff you would rather not have them exposed to. Or they do things you would rather for them to go outside and get exercise. This is a balance, right . They may not be relating to each other. Dr. Dean or relating in different ways to each other. That media in between and. And that will affect how they can work with other people. Dr. Dean it is fair. And i think it is somewhat up to us. As the grownups in the room. To help them understand that. Because i will give peoplei will get people i will get people to come up to me and they say, what happened to our kids . And i say wemy generationwe are responsible for these kids. Right . They are our kids. We have that responsibility. I am not that negative per se. There are good things. Back in my growing up years, the best i could do was mail my penpal something. Our communications took weeks. Now kids can have hundreds of friends that do not even live close by. They live in another country. That could be good. Cultural awareness could be super. But they also can have conversations when theyre not facetoface that are more caustic than if they were facing each other and having that same conversation. So yes. Theres good and bad. I remember when email first came out. You should see what people would say to each other and people that they would never say in front of that person. They had to learn. You had to get them together and say you cannot do that. There is etiquette. We needed to teach people that. Like with everything, theres positive and negative. I think the positives are strong. We do need to work on some of the downsides that are affecting potentially our kids. We may not know what the downsides are for long time. People smokes and still, then we figure it out they were dying of it. Dr. Dean im not sure theres much we can do about that except attention. If we Pay Attention we can get address it before gets too bad. A lot of times we just are not paying attention. You said it is an important thing to have confidence. How do you know when you have confidence, how do you recognize that . You realize it . How do you maintain it . Dr. Dean it is trust as what what im focused on. You might say theres confidence in the things we interact with. In the things and tools we want to use to do the things he wanted to do. Is that what youre saying . The things we want to do. You used the word trust and i translated it to confidence. Dr. Dean that is fine. That is something inherent in our cultural awareness. In ourselves. You know it when it exists. But it is hard to measure. Trust. I have a lot of trust in people. That is because, what ive experienced with them makes me say, ok i trust them. When they said they are going to do something, it is going to happen. I have certain trust in certain things i do on the web, because i have interacted with these businesses and they have always produced. Thus im comfortable now buying more things from them, or sharing information with them. If i sit in myin front of my computer and i come upon something and i question whether i should engage, that is a lack of trust. Especially if i do not engage. Not have very little trust. So the reason would be, i have either experienced something negative and thus the feeling as i do not want to expense that again. So everybody has their own threshold. My wife, she trusts just about everything. She will buy from anything. She will come up on a website. And ill say how do you know that youre going to get from this what you are ordering . And she says oh, it will happen. So until you do something to lose her trust, she trusts. She is a trusting lady. Im a little bit more cautious. I made you little bit more research before i jump in. I thinki may do a little more i may do more research before i jump in. Society as a whole, if enough of us trust a particular website or optical company, then or a particular company, that builds on itself and works out. If enough of us do not trust it or question whether we should engage, then that particular entity or company will not do as well. At some point they will fall apart because there is lack of trust. It so most development of a brand. There are some brands that are so strong, everybody wants to buy from them. They have become a trusted entity. Im not going to say any brands because i will get in trouble. There are brands that are strong and produce great cars or great financial results, they are a productive. We buy stuff and there always deliver. There are some companies im impressed with. Ups is one, i have to have a shout out at you psp im amazed at the efficiencies of their operation. These days we fear hear a lot about these days we hear a lot about fake news. Dr. Dean that is the bubble im worried about. That is the bubble. If i solve, because i cannot trust anything i hear, on the web, and i cannot move. Im stuck. I do not advance, i cannot figure out what is going on. I cannot figure out how i can help. That is what im talking about. That is why i brought this up. That is what bothers me right now. Are we approaching this bubble where i cannot even opt in because i do not know what is being said is right or wrong. That is exactly right. I do not know there are some newsfeeds i tend to trust. Maybe i do not know any better. Or maybe i have verified them through other means. I think that is what is going to take a little work. It is for us to start to trust certain things we cannot just accept input from one source. We also have to be willing to have the discussion. The funny thing im afraid of is if you are not on my side then i dont like you. That is not right. My grandfather he loves to engage in a conversation. He would always play devils advocate. It would drive my cousins and my aunts and uncles crazy. Because he would always go on the others. He may not have believed it, but he wanted to carry on that conversation. I loved it. So i do it too. Pisses my wife off something terrible. She hates it. I think we need to be willing to hear out both sides are muscle sides and then decide from that information. Both sides or multiple sides and then decide on that information. How much of it is our response building as individuals, because there is so much technologyhow much of it is our responsibility as individuals, because theyre so much information and so much technology. I remember when my sons would go and stay with my motherinlaw as a second grade teacher. And she would let her punchshe would let them punch the numbers but they would have to show her on paper they can figure out the problem before she would let them turn it on. I did not understand them. But when i go to the Grocery Store and the register is down and since as i can i give you change. Now i understand. With what we call fake news, i think we have to have some individual responsibility to take advantage of the technology there. Because you cannot decide for me, i do not believe you can decipher me, what is fake and what is notdecide for me what is fake and what is not. Because i may have had a trusted expense and someone else did not. Dr. Dean people are more comfortable with people like themselves. Exactly. Dr. Dean so you tend to trust those in the visuals before you would trust somebody who you. Those into those individuals before you would trust somebody who is not like you. We are going to have to fight that if youre going to build a more diverse society. We have to embrace our differences. Youre right. Heres what i would say. As my response ability to give you my opinion. Is my responsibility to give you my opinion. If we get everybodys insights, we can often come to some middle ground. At least we have had the conversation. If i only interact with people im comfortable with, or with one station or one newscast, that is going to biased me no matter what. Is my response ability to be aware of all the other things being said. And those opinions. And then decide. They may have a compelling argument. What i have noticed is there is always that middle ground. There is always that compromise and if you can find it, everybody says ok, got it. Is not exactly what i wanted, but if it brings other people in, it is good enough. My grandfather would say, perfection is way overrated. He stole all the sayings from other people. But i give him credit. He says if you can get it good enough, youre good to go. Quit working so hard. As an educator you see students who have grown up with technology. How does that help assess students . Our Engineering School used to brag that every student had higher acts scores than the previous class. Economic on forever. What do you see now on the students who have grown up with technology . What is your general conclusion of the impact . Mr. Dean i think they are pretty smart. You have some kids who are off the scale. You cant even measure the upside that they are bringing to the table. And then you have a few who are lost. They Wander Around and may run into the wall. They get through. On average, it is pretty good. Acts scores are on average 31. The max is 36. So an average of 31 is pretty good. Their gpa and high school averages 4. 1. Used to not be able to get over 4. 0. Some students are 4. 5. Is that they do for the college of engineering . Mr. Dean yes. The university is a little bit less than that. We are getting top students. And we are growing. It is not that we are getting fewer and fewer smart students. The students are doing pretty well. There is a little bit more we could do to get more students. There is a shortage. Statistics say by 2025, the u. S. Will be short on engineers. We need to find a way to get more students and businesses. While i cringe at the questions they ask sometimes, we are producing some really smart students. We have some phd students who are really special. I am kind of straddling the answer a little bit. But i have to admit, they are awful smart. There are some challenges. But i think, all in all, they have benefited from technology. I am retired. When we went through the university of tennessee as undergraduates, we had amazing access to resources. If a student took it vantage of those resources, the sky was the limit. The problem is not all students know the capability to take advantage of these resources. However many years later, the access that students have two resources is just incredible. Coming out of k12 to leverage again, do they have the knowledge and practice and skill set coming out of k12 to leverage those resources . Those who do just fly away. We have seen people go from ut to caltech to stanford. There is always this group who struggles. And the group who flies away. And the middle group. Possibly because of the wealth of technology and resources people have access to. And whether they are able to leverage that. Mr. Dean our Graduation Rate at et for the college of engineering are the highest in the state. And they have improved over time. We used to have less than half the students get through. When we went through, it was probably 20 . Mr. Dean but now we get close to 70 of the students through the system. That does not mean it is easier. We are doing pretty good. I have to be positive. I am positive about the kids. We can do better. We still have more work we can do. It is a constant battle because technology does not take that into consideration. We did not take into consideration what social media might do or expose our kids to. Everything i can do i can share with my friends. That thinking maybe i shouldnt. You talked about the data bubble. And how there will be an economic boom. I was just wondering, as individuals, how can we take advantage . Mr. Dean that is a good question. The benefits of getting your data and my data and getting insight from that. Amazon knows a lot about you. From the first time you order something from them. They know things about your friends and neighbors. An individual has a tough time doing that. They dont to seven axis to it. Maybe you could sell your data to someone else. There are a few of us to have benefited because when you write something down and collect a patent, you get a little bit from that. In the way we can benefit as individuals, the kids can do a little programming. They can sit in their bedrooms and write a little application. Sell it to somebody for a dollar. If you get enough people buying it for a dollar, you come out ahead. That could be a tool that allows people to gather more information. We as individuals create a little bit of data. By itself it does not have value. In accumulation, it has a lot of value. You mentioned for steps to innovation. How and a curriculum setting can you infuse the important parameter of risk . All of the other ones, seems like if it is a good university, they can probably get. But risk factor, how can you help them understand that and impart to them that they really need to do that . Mr. Dean in many cases it is easy. The reason im an engineer is i like building things. Give students the chance to build stuff, together hands dirty. Write some code or put a piece of technology together. And a time you build something, you are exposed to something happening. In mechanical engineering, they work on electric cars. They have to go through some extensive training. We have only had one instance where a student has gotten into the voltage. The etiquette involved as you are building and testing something out, what are the things you need to do to make sure you are safe and your partners are safe. One good example is in mechanical engineering, they work on electric cars. 350 volts d. C. Thats a lot. It can burn you up. You get a cross connection, and its not a good sign. Than theally worse outlets, so they have to go through some extensive training. We have only had one instance where a student has gotten into the voltage. It did not hurt them bad but they got into it. A friend of my would give a lecture and show to what would happen if you got into some situations. We try to help students be aware of those dangers. Those are things you have to talk about. You have to have those conversations. Engineering has a set of principles that should be followed as you are developing and testing. You can minimize those risks and design. We have modules that cover that. Im actually pretty proud. I actually have to shout out to my colleagues. Of pretty proud that in most our departments, we work to try to expose students to those soft skills. Skills that are not driven by raw technology. The skills of ethics. The skills of p able to interact. Those are important skills. If students have Technical Skills and they can explain to you the pros and cons of technology, they are differentiating. Those of the ones you want. Everyone can design a widget. But i can explain to my mother and she gets it, now that person has a little bit more value. They can go on and be the leaders. We try to give them some of those soft skills to make sure they can understand. I appreciate you giving me this time and coming out on this nasty day. At least you are dry. Thats the only good thing about this, right . Thank you. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] president ial candidate senator Elizabeth Warren holds a town hall in iowa city at the university of iowa monday. Watch live coverage at 4 45 p. M. Eastern on cspan, online at cspan. Org, or listen live with the free cspan radio app. They night on communicators, the chair of of. Telecoms board and ceo consolidated communications. You have 37,000 or so miles of fiberoptic cable. Where exactly is that cable . Its everywhere in the ground, in the air, in the communities in which we serve. It is typically outside of the urban markets, and the largest towns that we are really in the downtown area are places like portland, maine, or roseville, california. Pennsylvania. Those are places where we have Fiber Networks in every street, extensions of those facilities in every neighborhood, on the polls, connecting directly to the customers. Watch the communicators monday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan2. The Ranking Member of the House Judiciary Committee sent a letter to chairman Jerrold Nadler regarding an upcoming hearing on the impeachment inquiry with testimony expected from a panel of constitutional scholars. In the letter, representative writes about a panel to opine on the issue during the hearing and goes on to say he further requests equal allocation of witnesses to the majority and minoritys choosing. The impeachment inquiry hearings continue next week when House Judiciary Committee chairman Jerrold Nadler holds the committees first impeachment inquiry hearing into president trump, focusing on the constitution and the history of impeachment. Watch our live coverage wednesday, december four, at 10 00 a. M. Eastern on cspan3. Chairman nadler extended an invitation for the president and council to appear before the committee. You can read the letter on our website, cspan. Org impeachment, and follow the inquiry live on cspan3 or listen live on the free cspan radio app app. Quickly house ways and Means Committee held a hearing on the difficultin