The washington journal mugs, and see all the cspan products. Next, a look at the economic benefits of space from the u. S. Chamber of commerce. The chair ofude the federal trade commission. The seniorelcome the unitedent at states chairman of commerce. First of all, i want to thank christian and his team for organizing such an excellent program. We have worked on a number of important issues to our member the chamberst at Technology Engagement center, we are working to establish a National Data privacy standard that protects all americans equally and promote policies that enable emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, automated vehicles, and Unmanned Aircraft to thrive. Our goal is to see a workforce that is skilled and prepared for the digital economy. Threadments comment running through our work is the issue of data. Without a thriving, modern communications network, none of this is possible and that is why i am happy to be here today to introduce chairman pai. Who the son of immigrants rose through Harvard University and the university of chicago law school, he has worked at the department of justice, hes worked at the private sector and was first appointed to the fcc by president obama and was later appointed by President Trump to be chairman. Leadership,an pais he has worked to remove regulatory barriers and technologies like satellite, 5g, and even wireline broadband. Im very appreciative of his leadership to ensure that all americans are connected and benefiting from the digital economy. Please join me in welcoming chairman pai. [applause] chairman pai thank you, tim for that kind introduction. It is great to be at this second policy summit. As is my second visit to the chamber this year to discuss the pay space economy. Back in july, i was here for a roundtable on small satellites, where i discussed how the fcc is promoting American Innovation and investment in space but the fact that you had me back suggests my presentation couldnt have been that bad and that is the good news. The bad news is, many of you have already heard my favorite star trek quote. Final tely, the fortunately, the final star wars movie comes out this month and i think star wars offers a useful Reference Point for todays discussion. If you think about our culture, it is hard to imagine anything bigger than star wars. It is the most profitable franchising movie history, generating 68 billion of revenue since 1977, but consider the global space economy generates 350 billion of revenue each year and some analysts project the number could grow to some 3 trillion annually in 30 years. Everybody on twitter might be talking about baby yoda, but the space industry, perhaps not as adorable, is a bigger deal economically. With tremendous potential for future growth and innovation. Why is that . Here is the quick answer that gets is a quick example that gets to the answer. To adduce waste, improve across the country, farmers and ranchers are using connected technologies to reduce waste, improve sustainability and increase yields all to the benefit of American Consumers. Many companies are deploying machine to Machine Technology and internet of things based technology in rural environments to analyze data in realtime, improving operational efficiency. The fcc recently established a precision Agricultural Task force to enhance the productivity and efficiency of our nations farms and ranchers through broadband based technologies. This Task Force Includes a representative of the satellite industry. These advances in the Agricultural Sector are empowered by tremendous growth and innovation in the space sector. Costeffective technologies needed to support agriculture have been restricted to the geographic footprint of cellular networks. That is changing fast. The fcc recently licensed a Company CalledSwarm Technologies to promote mobile Satellite Service by 150 smaller satellites operating in earths orbit. They will unable farmers to have sensors where there is no cell coverage. We have entered an era in which innovation in the heavens is changing how our farmers work on the earth, which is a dramatic development. All across our economy, we increasingly see Satellite Services integrated. With other technologies, consider 5g, the next generation of satellite communication. 5g will offer a Common Network architecture that is accessible to a broader range of technologies including Satellite Services. Rather than playing catch up, Satellite Services will be operable with 5g from the get go. Many expect 5g to unlock advances in cars and its ability to multi task will reduce congestion. That can be delivered to millions of cars simultaneously. See an industry that is changing quickly in space and we are trying to make sure our regulations change within. A byzantine licensing and approval system could be a bottleneck that hurts consumers and innovators. That makes a difference because now, a satellite could be built in a matter of months or days and launched by a private provider on demand. That is what are my leadership, the fcc is committed to matching the tempo of the industry we regulate. One area we have been active is the promotion of new and expanded Services Using new nongeostationary satellite orbit. Instead of sending one bird and in high orbit can send a whole mid and lowhem into earth orbit. For provides the potential broadband at a speed and price point that is comparable to terrestrial competitors. We cannot and will not endorse any one particular business plan. What we are doing is giving every company a fair shot at innovating and competing in the american marketplace. That is why we have approved a number of applications for this new generation of low earth orbit satellite constellations. Companies like spacex have successfully launched their first groups of low earth orbit satellites. Our hopes that if you open up the doors to innovation, Many Companies will figure out a way to make it work technically and economically. The fcc has also seen an increase in applications for low earth orbit satellites proposing imaging services. Aspire and planet are two examples of companies licensed by the commission to compete in the earth observation industry. These rapidly growing services are revolutionizing the oil industry, agriculture, maritime, and disaster relief. Among other disparate sectors. We are also excited about the possibilities of small satellites. Short duration satellite systems have myriad uses including scientific and Research Missions as well as communications and remote sensing. Despite these advances, as of the summer, the Commission Still touired small satellites jump through the same regulatory hoops as larger, heavier satellites that stay in earths orbit for many years. As i previewed during my last visit to the chamber, the fcc adopted a separate streamlined licensing procedure for smaller satellites. This new process enables small satellite applicants to choose a streamlined alternative to the existing procedures. This process features an easier application process, a lower application fee, and a shorter time for review. It also offers potential radiofrequency interference protection for Critical Communications links. To this point, i have talked about all the ways the commission is making it easier to put new satellites into orbit. This does raise a risk of increased orbital debris. As you have probably heard, even a centimeter wide object can have devastating damage. That is why, under my leadership, the commission is undertaking its First Comprehensive review of our orbital debris rules since they were adopted a decade and a half ago. Our aim is to approve and and to these 2004 rules address recent market developments. I would note our new application process for small satellites also promotes orbital degree mitigation. To qualify, small satellites must be able to burn up completely in the earths atmosphere if something goes wrong and ground operators lose contact. Turning to another trend, increasingly, American Consumers expect to be connected wherever they are. This is opening new Market Opportunities in connecting vehicles on land, on sea, and in the air. That is why the fcc has made it easier for satellite to target earth stations in motion, improving transmission of data to vehicles like ships and school buses. I saw a great example of this in out westring a trip last year. I was in utah doing a Video Conference with a superintendent of the Kane County School district. We discussed how kids from remote and Rural Regions can have multihour bus rides to and from school or sporting events. During these trips, many kids would like to do their homework or take a test over email. Use all the internet connected tools other kids have at their disposal. This could help a lot of students and many others on the go in rural america. That is something the fcc is looking to encourage. I have talked mainly about new and emerging technologies, but the fcc is looking to boost Satellite Service with which many of us are familiar, which is gps. Last year, the Commission Voted to allow american access to the european Global Navigation satellite system, known as galileo. This should make gps more precise, more reliable, and more resilient, which is a boon to consumers and businesses alike. I want to highlight recent gains by the u. S. Delegation at last months radiocommunication conference in egypt. This event comes around every four years. You can think of it as the spectrum olympics. I was honored to help create a flexible Regulatory Framework to allow for the growth of a multi trillion dollar global ict industry. The majority of the agenda focused on satellite issues. Esimsured flexibility for to operate in additional bands. We established a Regulatory Framework to operate in key band. And made other progress as well. This global collaboration will mean new opportunities for u. S. Companies. When i spoke in july, i talked about the upcoming 50th anniversary of the moon landing. I thought i would close my remarks today by going back to the 1960s again. When we think of the space race, we think of legendary astronauts. Neil armstrong, buzz aldrin, and john glenn. People forget they are part of a larger story. When i became fcc chairman, i had the privilege to meet newton middaugh, who was the chairman of the fcc during the early part of the kennedy administration. The most interesting part of our conversation was his description of how the fcc helped to spur the beginning of the u. S. Commercial space industry. Believed putting satellites into space was more important than putting a human being into space. As he put it, communication satellites are more important than sending a man into space because they will launch ideas. Ideas will last longer than men and women. That is sort of the way i see it for the 21st century. We are setting the stage for a new spaceage. I look forward to working with you there is no telling what kind of innovation can be realized for the benefit of american and Global Consumers if we put in place the right policies. I look forward to working with you to do that and help companies here and around the world see opportunities presented by this new frontier. Thank you for your attention. I look forward to an engaging conversation to come. [applause] caleb henry from space news. I have two questions. First is about the orbital degree mitigation. Do you have any sense of when there might be movement on that or a ruling . Chairman pai we continue to consult with our federal partners. I do not have an update at this time, what i can tell you the fcc is engaged on the issue. We take this particular issue as an important component of our overall space agenda. We want to ensure the environment is safe not just for innovation but safe in terms of the amount of debris resulting from these launches. We are committed to the issue. I was going to ask about switched from a leaning towards a private option to announcing last month to a public option. Can you explain why that change happened . Chairman pai i was very consistent that we had four policies we wanted to uphold. Core values we want to uphold. Number one, a framing of a substantial amount of spectrum. Spectrum for 5g. Doing so as quickly as possible. Ensuring the federal government receives revenue. Ensuring the continued delivery of services that are currently delivered using the cband spectrum. I consistently said all of the options were on the table, and they were on the table until he made my decision. We are confident the way i have proposed to go forward will best capture the synergy of those values. Four chairman, thank you for coming. My name is frank from the commercial spaceflight federation. Alone forve cband the moment. How do you balance licensing more small satellites via constellations and the calls for overcrowding and space junk . How do you balance the two . Chairman pai on one hand, as i mentioned, we want to make sure we have a framework in place that allows any innovative idea to compete in the marketplace. We want every company to have a fair chance to succeed. We want to make sure the space environment is a safe one, especially because the costs of debris and other harms in space could last much longer than they would on earth. One of the things we are trying to strive for is to make sure we have in place the policies that encourage both of those values. I mentioned the things we are doing in terms of encouraging orbital debris is in terms of encouraging launches. Orbital debris is a priority for us as is working with all the stakeholders to ensure we give everyone a fair chance to succeed even beyond the orbital debris rules. Thankfully, we have a lot of good staff at the fcc. We have federal partners committed to working with us. We have private stakeholders willing to come to the table with constructive suggestions as opposed to zerosum solutions. That allows us to thread the needle and deliver values for consumers in the short and longterm. A question on the philosophical thing. In the terrestrial in some terrestrial use cases for spectrum contention between between, say, navy ships afloat coming into ports and a dynamic allocation of spectrum, a dynamic one, that seems to be a good solution, where people can coexist. Do you see that dynamic allocation applying to leo, and , without commitment of course, but what might that look like . How would we dynamically allocate spectrum for leo . Chairman pai i would have to think a little more carefully about the implications of migrating that framework to leo. With respect to the cprs band or where we did explore that type of sharing arrangement, we feel that was the best of both worlds. We have been able to accommodate some of the incumbents, military users in particular, using using things like the environmental sensing capability and the spectrum Access Systems of being able to make sure the incumbents are protected. Also to free up a substantial amount of spectrum across a huge part of the country where priority access licenses are appealing. If they are not, then general access licenses, gaa would be available. I think the model we have established is a productive one. We are always looking forward to Innovative Solutions like that. If there is an application in leo, we would love to see the engineering analysis that would help us move forward. Solved the worlds problems. All right. [laughter] chairman pai anyone else . All right, well as one of my favorite political philosophers George Costanza once said, leave on a high note. Thank you very much. [applause] and now, the honorable steve dickson, administrator at the federal aviation administration. Mr. Dickson hi, everybody. It is great to be here representing the faa at the chamber of commerce space summit. I think the title of the event year, launch the space title of the event this year, launch the space economy, is very apropos for me about threemonth onthejob because sometime in the last several weeks, i felt like i was sitting at the top of the rocket myself as i have been around the world dealing with some very important issues to our country and our industry. It has been an exhilarating and fascinating ride. I just came back from the dubai air show where i met officials dubaibased space center that operates and builds earth observation satellites. The center is part of the broader uae space agency. And the uae is an important Strategic Partner to the united states. It is an energetic new participant in human spaceflight, having sent their first astronaut to the International Space station in late september for an eightday mission. Next year, they plan to launch a probe to mars. Their longrange goal is to eventually colonize the red planet. I am all in to stretch goals, but that is a stretch goal if i ever heard one. If that is not proof of an expanding aerospace industry, i am not sure what is. Developments like that strengthen my resolve to unleash the power of commercial space transportation by paving the way for easier access to low earth orbit to the space system and doing so safely and efficiently. The faa has maximum support for doing this work. It is a mission that is front and center for the Trump Administration and my boss, the secretary of transportation, elaine chao. Last year, President Trump signed space policy directive two, which called the faa to streamline the rules for commercial launch and reentry, while at the same time protecting National Security and public safety. The idea is to boost the confidence of the private sector to invest in commercial space. Those investments are substantial and already growing at a fast pace. According to the National Space council, in the first half of 2019, we saw almost as much investment in Space Companies as we saw in 2018. Over the past decade, we have seen a total of 25 billion invested in 500 Space Companies, most of which are american. What all those dollars are fueling are commercial ventures that could be right out of a Science Fiction book. Space travel and tourism, debris removal, satellite servicing, and and space manufacturing and huge constellations of miniature satellites for Internet Connectivity and other services. Im sure there are many more innovations in the minds of the entrepreneurs out there. This is not just about commerce. All this innovation is exciting for americas youth in the same way the Apollo Program was for me and many others when i was a kid a few years ago. I am just seeing if you were paying attention. It was more than a few years ago. The dubai airshow i met an apollo command module pilot. He was one of my fathers classmates in 1955. As i was speaking with him, i was reminded how that program was the driving force behind generation of engineers and pilots. Myself among them. Three of our biggest commercial space innovators, jeff bezos, elon musk, and richard branson, say the Apollo Missions lit the fuse to them becoming space entrepreneurs. Our visions of launching beyond were at blue yonder that time based on a blackandwhite tv and anchorman like walter cronkite. Today, right from their highdef smartphones, kids see the dashboard camera from a tesla roadster that elon musk launched and put into orbit around the sun. On social media, they see 260 foot tall spacex boosters taking sticking the landing. They see beth moses floating free as the first woman to make a commercial spaceflight. They see the massive strata launcher, the Worlds Largest aircraft, taking to the skies on its first flight in preparation for dropping boosters at altitude for what they call Airline Style access to space. While us apollo kids can only imagine what it would be like to go into space one day, todays youth can save their money to buy a ride on a suborbital excursion that could one day zoom them across the world in 30 minutes. Better yet, from my perspective as a potential employer, they could take part in launching an orbit experiment as early as fifth grade. Such realtime exposure and engagement early on will pay off someday for a whole new generation of scientists and aerospace engineers. Modernizings part, the way we regulate and license commercial Space Operations will allow all this to be done affordably and efficiently while keeping the focus on safety. It is a tall order, but we have to succeed or we will be left behind. The faa learned the hard way a few years ago with the Unmanned Aircraft revolution. In that case, an entirely new sprang up overnight. We were not ready for it. I am happy to say the agency has changed course and has come a long way toward adding caught up, but we are determined not to let it happen again. What can we do . To start with, we do the crucial work the administration has asked us to do. We rework our licensing regime to streamline regulations and work to more efficiently work on realtime operations in our extremely Safe National airspace system. Eventually, we envision commercial space will have a modern set of flexible perform space regulations that parallel commercial aviation with vehicle and crew certifications as well as operational approvals, installation of Safety Management systems, and the associated just culture reporting methodologies. Given the fragile notion of such a nascent industry, the congress in 2004 imposed a regulation moratorium on commercial spaceflight that has been extended several times and continues through 2023. The faa still has a mandate to protect the public on the ground and aircraft from the surface of 60,000 feet. For the public on the ground, we do this through launch, reentry, and spaceport regulations. For aircraft deconfliction, we do it through some less than efficient means currently. I will tell you about that in a minute. Regulations require us to license each launch in the u. S. Or by a u. S. Company anywhere in the world. Each license requires the applicant to submit a systems safety analysis and a Ground Safety analysis, detailed documents that prove to the faa the intended lunch or reentry will not pose an undue threat to the public. While this way of doing business worked well for a few commercial launches a year, the pace has picked up to the point where it is becoming impractical. In 2018, the faa issued a record 35 launch and reentry licenses. The total this year is expected to be similar. For 2020, we are on tap for almost one a week, for 52 licensed activities. Believe thesen to numbers will climb. There are currently 11 spaceports around the united states, many in nontraditional locations you might not think about like new mexico, oklahoma, colorado. Our streamline launch and reentry streamline license requirements is the first step to modernizing access to space. The goal is to simplify the licensing process, enable operations, and reduce costs. One example, the rules would allow companies to use a single faa license for multiple launches from multiple sites. Receiving 154 submissions, many of which include detailed and thoughtout comments from industry. Our commercial space team is reviewing all of the input, and we are working toward publishing a final rule in the fall of 2020. Can makewhere the faa the process in making launches more efficient from an Overall Congress standpoint is moving to dynamic deconfliction of space vehicles and commercial airliners using shared data. Today, the faa uses a very crude manual process to close off relatively large spots for relatively long periods as there is no operational surveillance and communication between the launch providers and the faa air Traffic Controllers. Considering the number of lunches, these will only increase. The faa recognizes this issue. We are working on solutions. Our space data integrator or sdi concept is key to providing relief. We have a prototype that we have developed with data that space x and blue origin provided, transmitting Realtime Data to the faas joint Space Operations group and air traffic managers. I had a chance to view the operation myself in Northern Virginia outside of d. C. In my first week on the job. Analysts review the information and determine how to modify aircraft hazard areas to reduce the impact of flights in the area. This is a first step in a phased approach to get to the end goal, which is realtime launch reentry information that will allow for information sent air Traffic Controllers and eventually directly to the flight deck, which is an important capability, especially in launch contingency situations. With dynamic rerouting, we can close and reopen airspace more quickly while keeping safety as a top priority. The faas Program Management organization is working to operationalize the first stage of sdi. The piece that takes in real time surveillance quality data from the launch providers. The next step will be getting the information integrated into the controllers system so they can see it on their scopes and finally to pilots. You can see from the tempo and diversity that it is critical we get all of this right. There is too much important and innovative work to be done in space. Consider the payloads on the electron rocket, with its running out of Fingers Mission set for launch as soon this friday out of new zealand. The faa licenses rocket lab lunches because it is a u. S. Company. Why is the mission called running out of fingers . It is the 10th mission. For your information, they have only been launching for two years. Imagine that. Payloads include a thermal isolation material experiment from a hungarian company, a Telecommunications Satellite that can fit in the palm of your hand developed by a spanish company, and a small satellite built by a Tokyo Company that aims to create manmade shooting stars by simulating reentering meteor showers. The tagline may not surprise you. Shooting stars on demand. As they say, you cannot make this stuff up if you try. That one Mission Highlights a small dose of the massive amount of energy, creativity, and collaboration that commercial space is bringing to the table. We at the faa are doing our part to make sure these payloads get the most efficient and safest access to space while making sure those on the ground will be able to enjoy their shooting stars on demand. Thanks. It is a privilege to be with you today. Have a great conference. I look forward to being with you again soon. Thank you. [applause] heres a look at our live coverage tuesday. The u. S. Institute of peace looks at the governing challenges facing fragile states around the world. At 2 00 p. M. , the house meets for legislative business. Yearirst vote of the new will be to establish a quorum. Former state department and National Security officials discuss u. S. Policy toward iran, including the recent airstrike arabianhat killed a top military official. On cspan3, the Senate FinanceCommittee Meets to consider provisions within the u. S. Mexicocanada trade agreement. Afternoon, a discussion on how opioid addiction is affecting the appalachian region. Our Live Campaign 2020 coverage continues thursday at 7 00 p. M. Eastern with President Trump and toledo, ohio. Cspan2, on demand at cspan. Org, or listen on the radio app. Go shopping and see what is now available at the cspan online store, including our new campaign 2020 tshirts, sweatshirts, and hats