Transcripts For CSPAN2 Johanna Neuman Gilded Suffragists 20171112

Them for social media youre welcome to keep them on. Also during our q and a we have microphone just one, this time so if you could step up to that mic that would be great as you can see we have cspan here filming also making an audio recording of the event. And feel free to leave your chairs where they are. We have more events coming up this afternoon so youre welcome to stick around all day. And please to welcome joe this afternoon to discuss her important new book guilded sufficientist about those ho fight for the women right to vote in the early part of the last strig. Among the more than 200 social tirings involved in the movement she writes ab host of familiar names including after beaumont and vaunter build remieppedz us what a radical explosive notion the wells vote was in the early 1900s and how in her own word theres a moment where generations cross paths and an idea that once seems radical loses its toxins. Publishers e weekly is called this book one of the top books for fall from independent publishing houses. Newman is a scholar and resident at the university and award journalist written for usa today going to be in conversation this afternoon with judy who she know s from back when they both covered the white house. Judy is the managerring editor and anchor for pbs news hour and shes also worked as a correspondent for nbc, cnn and pr and many other places. Please help me welcome newman and judy [applause] thank you im so delighted to be here. I have to start out full disclosure and say when johanna wrote me about this event and said is there any chance you would be free i wrote her had immediately back and i said absolutely i would love to see you i cant wait to see the book because we go way back. We go back to the white house during it shall the early 19 0u89. [laughter] when both of us were just out of middle school, and [laughter] put it this way early in our career journalist i think we bond back then even though i was in broadcast she was in print. We always kind of gravitated to her fan she was a respected journalist but youve got ton to greater things earn her ph. D. As you heard shes a scholar and resident shes done extraordinary historical work and this latest book is just a treat. For all of you who havent had a chance to read it yet or peek at it. You are truly in for a treat. So johanna without going any longer on all of the prefaces just why havent you changed . 30 years [laughter] full disclosure good doctor [laughter] you covered i knew you as a reporter Los Angeles Times, covering politics you covered the white house you covered the state department you covered the congress if im not mistaken. I want to do a little bit of quick background how did you find your way from doing it that to being interested in history . Well actually i was very happy as a journalist. I loved what i was doing. Can you all hear me first of all . But in late 2008 when the economy was collapsing the los angeles tiles where i worked decided to close its washington bureau, and i took a buyout as many journalists in the last two decades. And i started freelancing the Los Angeles Times called me back within a month and asked if i would do their Political Blog from washington in the Morning Hours before anyone in los angeles was up. So if anything happened in washington, in the morning it was mine. And one day im sure many of you remember this. The obamas got a dog. [laughter] his name was beau and he was a portuguese water dog, and of course everyone is going to have this tidbit and my job as a blogger to think how can i distinguish us. So i thought and thought and i did a blog post that titled obamas get a black and white dog. And i did a riff on coast racial biracial and what it meant for the country that we now have a black and white dog. And [laughter] this thing went viral for about 15mens and National Editor called me self hours later and said this was fabulous. Lets have more of this. This is fantastic. And later that evening when i was having dinner with my husband without title jeff i said you know, i really have to find something more substantive to do [laughter] to dog loves here may resent that. But that is the truth, and then we started brainstorming about what i could do that i loved and i had always loved history. My father was a great history buff and had had imiive me the bug. So i decided at a very advanced age to go back to school and get my ph. D. In history. This is my first book as a historian. And its also for me the first test of my conviction that you can marry the Archive Research with the narrative skill is of a journalist. Why did you want to write about these women and the suffrages this was an aspect of the movement that has gotten virtually no attention. I u you know, i went back to school. I u knew very little about Suffrage Movement not that they taut it in school. So it was one of the topics that interested me while i was back in school and i was first going to write about suffrage in the 19th century when there was this terrible schism between the two branches of the movement. Between Elizabeth Katy stanton and suzanne b. Anthony on one sides, and lew see stone and her husband Henry Blackwell on other. Stone and black well after the civil war, they are abolitionist and they believe that the black men should be in franchise first. That the 15 president amendment which gives black men the right to vote should be ratified and then women can fight for their vote. Suzanne b. And Elizabeth Katy if theyre going into the constitution were going with them or o else were fighting it. And this this list the movement for almost 30 years. And they had rival organizations it was deeply damaging for the cause. And that was going to be my top toik prove that Elizabeth Katy and susan b. Were horrible people and they had ruined the movement and so forth but it was so depressing [laughter] and my faculty advisor come here today and he can remember that i walked into his office and i said i want i want to start i want to look forward to the positive news that women finally got the vote and i started researching the earliest 0th century to see what was going on and weaving newspaper accounts and and i tripped over these women nobody had noticed them. They were they were there, they were too famous to notice. So you didnt know about them when you started this thing, is that rite . No, no i was reading you know newspapers from the 1900s. And there would be occasional references to events where these fancy wealthy celebrities socialite coming out for so suffrage what happens is when they joined suffrage this again a movement thats been in the dull, languishing considered the cause of the fringe the intellectual fringe or various code words you know some code word for lesbian fringe or radical fringe with clearly not the mainstream. And then come these Society Women in their you know, theyre covered already. Celebrity figures already theyre covered by the best for their decor, their clothes, their travel. Their entertainment theyre just over the top one reason it is such a fun read. But when will they came out for vote for women it electrified Public Opinion, it sort of interested the mainstream like Angelina Jolie embracing you and about suddenly u. N. Refugees get sexy you know it is like who would have thought. But thats what happened, i believe. And what, what was the moment and speaking of just touching back on your point of that race that comes up again as turns out in what you write about. But what was the moment now let me put it this way. When did you realize that they were sequential enough to devote this much attention to them . What made you realize that . Im not sure i did. I just like their stories. [laughter] and no one had covered them and i just thought they were yeah, i just thought they were delicious. Characters really it was the journalist in me that resonated first, and then as i studied them i notice the consequences of their involvement. You could really see it there. One of my faith anecdotes in the book is about a woman named florence flighten gail what was her last name and not the other not the other she was a Canadian Immigrant and she moved to new york, and she opened a beauty business, and the reason i cant remember her last name is that she changed her name to Elizabeth Arden [laughter] and Elizabeth Arden was never lil. And one day shocked her staff by going out to join one of the suffrage parade those iconic suffrage parades you may vp seen photo of along fifth avenue, and when she got back her staffers were like what it shall we didnt know you sported the cause she said i dont but our clients do. [laughter] thats when i knew they were consequences. Who were talk to us a little bit about the understand gay tosser this, the first women from this social lite group class whatever we want to call it who were brave enough, bold enough, ahead of their times enough to stick their necks out and say, im going to do something about this. The first one and there was a first one was Katherine Macky she was the daughter, the defendant of gray old money in new york. And show married new money. The silver mining fortune of clarence macky and his family, and they have this guilded existence. They have a place in manhattan, of course, u they rent every season in newport. They have a 628 acre state in rosland, long island. And Katz Katherine is beautiful shes stunningly beautiful. She is covered forrering that she does when she decided to run for a seats on this school board of the roseline, long island it is a shock to everyone. And two years later, she decides shes going to fight for womens right to vote, and it is elect electrifing lucy stone who i mentioned for her daughter alice wrote this beautiful description of what happens when macky joins the effort. She said you know about when when alices mother lucy was campaigning for womens rights and against slavery, and the 1840s, men men being the audience right they hissed, they threw rotten eggs and alice was just beside herself that now macky speaks people are clambering for tickets. Theyre theyre they cant wait to hear her. Theyre selling out the event. Suffrage finally has a spring in its step. People are excited it be again and i believe thats one of the asset theas they bring and another asset which we can develop this later is i think theyre theyre what you call it on seis with fashion or you would call it their eye for itings fashion. But clearly their fascination with fashion trends was asset they brought to the campaign they understood if you wanted to sell something to the mainstream, you had to present it in such a way that it would be appeal as you would any Consumer Product right they treated the campaign as if it were a consumer effort. And so i think that was one of her great contributions. Way ahead of their day. [laughter] and in their respect. And about if talk a little bit johanna about how they were received by what was established in the movement. They came out of left field right field i dont know what you want to call it but youre right. Out of the field. Theyll never understand yeah. I mean, the one thing can i tell a story. Thats what we love we lot of these stories. Dges one of my Great Research adventures was when i i went to many archives and libraries across the country because these women left bread crumbs everywhere. Right, where are some of those libraries . If they had all left their materials at the library of congress it would have been much easier. Yeah. And some of them left in the library at radcliffe it is a very good women collection a hundredth ton library in pasadena, and so this was on a trip to los angeles. And there were just a few collections i wanted to look at at ucla. And one of them was an oral history transcript of mrs. Mackys secretary. Bethel was her name and im pretty excited because as a up journalist you interview people all of the time as a historian you learn to interview documents. You learn to talk to the people who are the documents they left. You can ask them questions they dont always answer but i was very excited and i get there and i request the file and file comes and i open it and theres one page and it says, this transcript is missing. [laughter] and i dont know if any of you have ever seen a 60 something have a hissy fit. But that is what i proceeded to do. And librarian escorteds me out of the research [laughter] and then they summon this marvelous lady to raise the barn, head at ucla and i explained problem, and to raise barnette said i will promise to look for this. I will permission a Research Assistant we will scour the library. We will try to get you this transcript but because of the rural history had at the time this was done which was in the 60s so this woman was interviewed in the 19 the 60s about events in the 1910s. We cant accepted you a pdf you have to come back to california are. So im a student u you know on a little budget. But two weeks later i get and i male from her and she says im really sorry. We never found the transcript. But we did find the tapes. [laughter] and she said were going to digitize it and put it on a cd you can come out here with your laptop and you can listen and you can take notes well this was a great blessing in my life because i got to hear the voice of someone who knew one of my what ive come to call my ladies. Its about as closes a historian can come to touching history. And the thing that tickled me about ethel ethel was an immigrant from hungary ethel grows, and she talked about macky and how he had influenced her to dress. He said macky, macky dressed her. He said she never dressed me overdressed me. She dressed me as a secretary. Should properly be dressed but she spoiled mess for cheap clothes. [laughter] and she that she macky took her on the family twice a year visit to paris. And treated her to a finishing school really. Treated her to refined living. And what was interesting about, and that macky understood the role that fashion played in gettings people to her events. But she says including the reporter because thats what they wanted to report on what mrs. Macky was wear. Imagine the press. Interested in that. [laughter] but she said that that the reporters never left one of our events without a state from mrs. Macky about the womens rough sufficient ranl movement and other thing that was marvelous about listening to to instead of reading it is that the historian was interviewing ethel gross not because shed been the secretary but because later in life, she marries Harry Hopkins as many of you know went on to be one of fdrs chief aids an so the historian is trying to push her to talk about harry. [laughter] and ethel keeps wanting to talk about mrs. Macky. And she she finally sort of is next to by telling him you know, i just want you to understand. That the reason Harry Hopkins married me is when he met mess he didnt see a hungarian immigrant he saw a ladies of refinement. Wow. Wow. Fascinating so quickly go back to that the question about how did the movement receive these women . How did they you know, how next. There were some people like harry [inaudible conversations] who was elsz katy stantons daughter, saw early that they were going to be key to one of the emerging aspects of the movement which was a broadbase cross Class Coalition. So blach had already reached out to working class women. And factory workers and immigrants, and professional women and teachers and librarians. Middleclass club women, and now she could add this piece o and the idea of these parades along fifth avenue was really to demonstrate to men again or that all kinds of women wanted the vote that it wasnt any long or the interest of a few. Thinking of questions you want to ask johanna. But how how u did this when can it click . You have so many wonderful stories about tactic rivalry between two of the well theres some wonderful anecdotes about that. But when did it click . When had was it clear that these women who later did not get the attention or appreciation that you point out they rightfully deserved which was it clear that they made the difference . They made a difference . I think it was clear by the mid1910s i think by 1915 they were such a stay pl of the movement that they were actually by 1912 in 1912 you know, this middle portrait is alvs she was the great rival, and that is interesting too. The very fact that two women of these social class would both want to be queen b of you suffit ranl which was kind of interest but in the early 1910 harriet tried to get them to join the parade. And the parades at that time are controversial for twoam first of all a parade is seen as a very male almost military kind of function. Secondly, the idea that women qowb would be walking in the streets was offensive to them macky was four or five and beaumont retreated to her home in long island. They just there was a great deal of fear not just among the elite women but also the middle class that they would be taken for radical or for street walkers, and by not by 1912 and maybe this is the turning point beaumont decided that Public Opinion had shifted and would accept women of her standing walking in the streets. And she led a the delegation a con ting jengt in that year parade and several journalist commented afterward that the push to give the movement, the Public Acceptance the cover it shall was a e singular contribution. So many fascinating questions of how hard was it for the call them intellectual of the movement to accept the idea that it took this appeal to society to close the appearance to broaden the popular appeal of the movement . I think it was very hard. I think they resisted a lot. Therm accustom to doing things their own way. There was a pension over tactics as you mentioned. There were sort of mainstream movement called the national l American Women Suffrage Association which at its peak had 2 million members it was the goliath it shall and they were very much mainstream. They did legislative appeal. They did petitions. They courted the president wanting to get his endorsement. There was a smaller sort of rag tag group of radicals headed by alice paul, and 1917 alice paul starts picketing the white house. We are at war in europe, and a lot of people find this in a, you know, with era of jinglism pervade the society that is very controversial thing. So theres this this tension over tactic and i wear this pin, had is a jailhouse door pin that was made for all of the sufficient suffragist that went to jail for the right to vote. And it to me its the meditation on the difference between moderate and radical and makes me sort of ponder which one is more effective that bringing social change maybe all of these things contradict maybe fashionability of the guilded one and main street legislative appeal of the mainstream suffrage activist, and radical pushes us further than our comfort zone. One of the enduring questions about to turn or it over to the audience. Why do you think, though, that that essentially these women were forgotten . For so long . I dont know. Im not aware of them maybe therm written i dont know the answer to that. I think it shall i dont know i would be curious what readers think about why to me theyre compelling figures as i mention not just for their substantive role but for their delightful excesses. So i dont, i dont know why theyve been ignored. I think there were agendas and after suffrage is finally enacted that the federal level in 1920, a lot of memoirs get written. A lot of papers are burned. Which surprised me some of the main figures in the Suffrage Movement burn their papers. This including, i mean, a lot of major players. So theres a lot we dont know. But there, i think, theres a settling of scores that these women they were evented. They were wealthy, they were these were not, you know little dell cat creatures. I mean, one of the things i learned from ethel was these women were accustom to running huge estates. They were business. They were executives. They had huge staff to run, and when they got into the Suffrage Movement they didnt for the most part did not join already existing movement or organizations they formed their own they wanted to be president. And so yeah fascinating piece. Questions it shall ive got more but i want to give you all a chance were a little bit more than half way into the hour. Some of you lets see oh, there are two my microphone one over here and one over here. Step up to the mic. Inch wound per you know why they burn their papers thats one question. I also wonder if they use their money to support anybody elses Suffrage Movement and specifically if they have any connection to the radical, and i also wonder a lot of questions. [laughter] come back in a minute were why did they burn their papers thats the first one . In school i was asked do you think i have enough brain cells to dod this, and i just thats can you keep track of these questions . Maria it shall on the question of burning papers it has a long legacy it goes back to suzanne b. Anthony burned her papers i think that was a feeling like im going to leave my autobiography or my authorized buying ifbiography ad burn everything that might contradict it. Men do that too . I dont know. Other question did they work on other causes . Other so this is a very important question. I had a mentexas or name considered father of history of capitalism into big macro history and interested in my work because he written about moneyed men of new york but he hasnt mentioned the women so we arranged to have coffee once when i was up in cambridge. And he said to me how many of these women do you have . [laughter] and im thinking like a journalist, and i said way too many. I have 24 already. And im thinking you know how am i going to tell a weave a narrative make it come peopling like Downton Abbey on steroids and [laughter] he said can you get to 100 . And i said well you know i probably could because i had been weaving newspaper about thes of the day and all they have their social network. [laughter] they were at the bolt of the newspaper copy would be also attendance at the event were mrs. So and so but ignoring them because i had too many. So i said yeah i think i can get to 100. He said well you need to get to 00. [laughter] you need to find out everything you can about them. What church they belong to what Political Party they affiliate with. What causes they support what clubs they joined. Whether their money was new or old whether they were divorced whether they had chirp whether they wrote and this took six months out of the research. I stopped going on trips and i just did this spread sheet, and one of the things it taught me was how they are not i want to say, sometimes all i started with in the morning was the description of someone as misses husband name. Thats all yadz. And it took me some times all day i looked at census records, birth records, death notices and so excited when i got her first name i felt i had exdated these people but what the spread sheet was taught me is how myriad are their motive and you cannot talk about and on the question of radicalism three of these 200 uber wealthy elite women did join ellis pauls more radical organization and they went to jail. For their right to vote, one of them is lewis who you may know as one of the great art collectors in this country. She was good friends with mary so you know, and her husband was henry o. Who was president of the sugar trust at the federal government eventually busted pup for antitrust. But they have a lot of money. And they went often to europe to visit mary. And they have a incredible collection that now actually undergirds much of the metropolitan museums collections. And she went to jail, she alice paul scdz her to come to washington to light a figure of wilson in effigy and so shes not a kid. At the time had a 63 years old and she on comes to washington and never quite likes the match and, in fact, she says in an article later you know if i had managed to i light him on fire i probably qowf got a light sentence but she elects rather than paying 5 fine she elects to go to prison. And this radicalizes her. And she writes poignantly about i was in thinking wheres my uncle sam in . And so thats why i really cant say you know they were all of one mind. Subject for another book. Or two or three next question. What was the impact on their marriages could you see a pattern . On their marriages . Thank you so much. They were all married is that right . Most of them were. I thank you for the question because i always forget to mention that i have a chapter in the book on the men. [laughter] its called mirror men. Because that is what the newspaper of the day call them and with with the term you know you mirror men who are helping the women you know, like youre not really men. And they they endure themselves to me because they took such a beating from their colleagues when they marched therm at that 1912 sufficient sufficient ranl parade a thousand march for women suffrage and they took more heckling than any other of the parade, they were called all kind of names which ill let you imagine. So what was the question . That was it. How did the men who were husbands was women. Some of the husbands had had trouble with this . Yeah, quite a few had trouble. And some marriages faltered over it. Yes. I believe that the amendment for womens voting was passed and finally ratified in 1919. No it was passed in 1919 it was rad if id in 1920. So it was really a bad time for like progressive thinks raids, we had had during the war all the of the germans being lynched. We had ku klux klan coming in. How was it possible to get such a progressive thing passed . God question. I think theres the flipside of that is that it was the end of the progressive era. It was a time of many reform causes, and all of them on that period seem to attract a cross Class Coalition ad broad tent so the movement to clean up city hall, to rid city governess of political bosses to [laughter] stand [laughter] its okay. I know him. Its okay. [laughter] he can join. Hi kendra. [laughter] yeah so any view is sort of the flipside that they were the tail end of a progressive era that saw many reform causes over all kinds of issues even theres some causes even earlier in the society is formed and theres an effort to get women to stop wearing feathers in their hats because it is killing off the bird population. So this all kind of Reform Efforts that are going on and to me this is, in fact, max who was the editor of the masses in greenwich village, one of the men mentioned in the mirror men chapter, he was socialist and then advocate of free love and Birth Control Movement Comes out of this era. He said that women right to vote with the great fight for freedom in my generation. And that sort of how i look at it too. all right we have a special guest with betsy is the author of a bock on Elizabeth Katy stanton. Who was a nasty woman. Arent we all and i teach women sister here at politics and pros i hope youll come learn more and be a guest at one of my classes. Sufficient ram passes because by 1919, women were voting in enough states a control enough Electoral College votes that the congress was going to switch rather than have women vote them out of office. But there are all of these complexities. I cant wait to read your book congratulations and thank you im interested in the money. Because these were sort of emily list of that era i know she was constantly filling alice paul carpet bag with cash and come back on train with it and i know mrs. Cat had had the questly magazine money a 3 million ire hairnght so were you able to track actual funds did the traditional women get more did the radical women get more . Were with all of the these women about whom you were written donors as well as supporters . Thats an interesting question thank you so much. I think most of them were donors but the point i was hoping to make in the book was rather different. Because that aspect of their involvement had been covered before. And to me what was more intriguing was not that they wrote checks. But they actually stood with the cause. They marched. They gave speeches. They held events. So thats really what i focused on. I do think that bo mobt if you did accounting she would tip the scale for the radical side. She had first funded a mainstream as you know. And then she got sort of tired of them and impatient with the mainstream organization because it wasnt really making a difference. And she felt that alice paul could that ales lis paul was getting attention for Different Things than celebrity or fashion. She was getting attention for radical controversial tack it cans. Just a quick followup to that. If these women had wanted to make big contributions, do they have ability to do that do they have enough control over the money many their household . To do that is that how is that . I would hesitate to make a global statement about that. But i would guess that most of them, yes. Most of them did and most of them did make contributions. I mean, alice paul as he said had i mean, alba basically supported alice paul paid her salary or for her whole life. [laughter] and i was just i had this magical event last sunday almost as magical as this [laughter] at the cemetery in the bronx, they called and they said i dont know if you know this, but many of the women you write about are buried here and we would like you to come see and i was delighted, and they said and or and were going to invite descendants so i was like oh, my god what if i got something wrong. [laughter] but it was a charming really a charming event. And afterwards i asked to go to the alba is buried and on on death she put in her will to be buried with a suffrage procession at her funeral she wanted a female to officiate but they couldnt find one. But Everything Else she scdz for 1500 people l at the funeral. Alice paul was there. Harriet and one dpraim london. Margaret was there. She had a stellar sendoff. And she had requested that a suffrage banner accompany be installed next to her grave. And alice paul according to the cemetery official is the one who planted it there and it hangs there still. It is indeed disrepicture and hoping to get New York Historical society to restore it. But it was it was assigned to me of how deeply alice paul was indebted to alba. Any tidbit from the defendants that for sharinging. Elizabeth katy stanton colleen she came and we just had a ball. The story of the semistory put us in a golf cart and drove us around to the key burial site and this is at night. No. No. [laughter] wasnt yet halloween but story that we stop at miss macky grave fallen into serious disrepair sort of chiseled you can heart diseasely read on the tombstone, and she insisted that i stand behind tombstone and have a picture taken. She said you have rescued her and i was just [laughter] wow, yes. Johanna is there a high Society Origin Story about who, when, and why the suffragist decided to wear white at their parades . There may be. But i dont know what it is. [laughter] and i do know is that Harriet Stanton black was a very inti mat only and there had been criticism in 1911 of the of the dally by suffrage parades and getting organize od so in 1919 she issued orders like a general you will march on time. You will all wear white. Macys had suffrage paraphernalia they were all told some things nebraska change, and so she was really one who instiledded a need to show discipline and its a funny thing for us to think about that somehow male voters who were going to judge whether to o grant or male legislators who were going to judge whether to grant women the right to vote would notice promptness or o uniform but harriet thought it was important to showcase discipline. And you know, this is not this is a tangent but a similar thing happens during world war or i when many suffragist who is had been peace activists decide to work in war relief to feel to convince the men this they were committed citizens entitled to the vote. Im wondering if many of the Society Women travel to england. And were influenced by that and movement going on in england at the same time. English women par cially got right and others did get et right to vote after we did. Everybody hear this question so could you comment on their exposure to english. Theres marvelous Cross Atlantic conveyance of ideas throughout the missouri not just among the guilded. Many of the suffrage leaders took about call particularly instruction from the british, the soap box, beaches, the parades, the mask rallies a lot of it was influenced by britain. But the sometimes people ask me why are you calling them suffrage u. S. Es arent they suffrage and the answer is that a british journalist had disdained the british activist by calling them this and they decided to adopt the word as a badge of honor. But the american activist were mindful of the reaction from american hen men who might have been threatened by the violence of the british. The british actually building there was heckling of politicians. Assaulting including winston churchill. And they didnt want to import that and so they went with the gender neutral term suffragist. Yeah. Someone else . I know that there were also women who opposed the National Association in opposition to women suffrage, and senator james wife was one and secretary of state was one and impossible to remember their name lansing maybe and alice hey watts worth, and mrs. Anderson of Anderson House on house who called themselveses do you know anything about them ive not been able to find enough of a story. There were quite a few of them and especially quite a few them in this circle. And the first chapter of the book tealing with a creation in the club called the colony club that became a site for the bait within their class. About whether suffrage would be good for women of social standing or not. Whether this were before beaterf with moral or i like to call it bedroom influence. I mean, you know what there was also a fear among most, both men and women that if women got into the dirty, the krupght, the roidzen business of politics it would coursen them and make them less feminine it would threaten the home. All of the these thing hads were part of the mantra of what was called the anti in the book i have example of sisters who differed on the issue. Some anti some being pros. So part of the party of the thinking of the antis was a more view if you extended to vote to all women you could be expanding the pool of women who were not of their class. Women who were working women and immigrants, and they really didnt support that. They sounded familiar to today. They actually called it they werent for universal suffrage therm forking educated suffrage. One last question before we wrap up i dont see another question here. But im a reporter curious about role of the press play in all of this. I mean you talk about this at the outset. But they did this as you say mindful that they were going to be coveredded so what role it the press play in their ability to be effective or not . Thats a delicious question actually. You know, one of the things that i tripped over early and that always amuse me is a little is w york tames famously antisuffrage and their editorial were more abides and ridiculing than any others and they sort of led the train. But there is an evolution. You can see the press turn at some point in the mid1910s. And maybe its the younger people i didnt delve into the life of the reporters as much. But theres a a coming understanding you know sometimes i think about social change as with someone mentioned that there were women voting in the state. And that is wonderful reminder of incubator of social change and by 19, by 12 there are 1. 3 million women voting in this country and by 1916 Woodrow Wilson does not get reelected without hair votes and other thing that you can see about social change is that it just takes time. Theres this evolution of Public Opinion what is once radical like in our time gay marriage or medical marijuana or o death with dignity statutes it takes time to have mainstream were middle, however yowpght to think about and thats what happens had this case as well. It is a fascinating book i encourage all of you to dig into it if you havent is already. Thank johanna newman. [applause] we have books behind our register and form a line shes signing books. Booktv is covered many books on feminism, including those by gloria camille, and rebecca, and many other authors. If this is a topic that interest you visit is booktv. Org. Type feminism book in the search bar, and watch all of the authors weve covered over the years. Mendez Program Director of the Miami Book Fair Miami Book Fair takes place in u downtown miami at the wilson campus of Miamidade College this year we have over 525 authors representing every genera, anything that you can say were repghtinging at the Miami Book Fair. Join booktv forbook took fair live from Miamidade College saturday and sunday on cspan2. Heres a look at some authors recently featured on booktv wards former face the nation host Bob Schieffer examine role of the media today. Former fox news anchor gretchen talk about challenge of women sexually harassed in the work place and craig discuss life a political career of Newt Gingrich in the come weeks on afterwards Daily Caller News Foundation editor in chief Christopher Bedford will explore leadership skills of president trump. Christopher scalia son of the Late Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia share selection from his fathers speeches. New york times best sell author will report on work of her grandfather Manhattan Project scientist james brian. And this weekend on afterwards fbiing agent tamer detail his experiences fighting terrorism as a muslim american. To have a was or is a brilliant scientist, iq off the charts under precipice curing Infectious Diseases and he goes from that to being able to be such a gift to humanity. In two years time in less than two years time ends up one step from leader of al qaeda and that story,s fascinates me because of the fact that im a counterterrorism operative but i think the world should understand why he did what he did. How he did what he did. And i think thats the deep dive and its first accept for all of us to really understand our enemy. Afterwards airs on booktv every saturday at 10 p. M. Eastern and sunday at 9 p. M. Eastern and pacific. Now on booktv the 15th annual wisconsin book festival from the State Capitol in madison over the next eight hours well have a full lineup of authors on a range of topics life in janesville, wisconsin after the town gm plant closed to the vietnam war offensive report on fires at american universities. First up is journalist jessica, she rots on living working conditions of migrants working in the united states. Like that