Uss gato. He participated in three war patrols as a torpedo and gunnery officer and two war patrols as the executive officer. He was assigned duty as aid and flag lieutenant to the legendary submarine can sub marine commander of the Pacific Forces fleet. It was in this capacity that he was invited aboard the uss missouri to witness the surrender of Japanese Forces on september 2, 1945. Talking to him earlier i asked where he was during the surrender. Many are familiar with the pictures and it seems like every available surface was covered with marines and sailors taking in the event, and he said if you look at the picture of the admiral signing the surrender you can see behind them all of the American Flag and general officers, you will see one naval officers camp without scrabbled exotic, and take indicating the rank of lieutenant or below, and he says that is me. I will direct your attention to the upper left corner and i believe that is you, sir. I think we have the right man . [laughter] heer the surrender, continued to serve and submarines including razorback, as Commanding Officer of sirago, and he commanded the uss hermitage. Captain kaufman was decorated with the silver star medal, the bronze star medal, and two legions of merit. 1970tired from the navy in and resides in virginia. He is the subject of several hours of oral history interviews done by our Oral History Program here and outside our library, we have a model of the misery and a couple flyers on upcoming events, and an article on the captain you may want to pick up today. That is about all that i have to say except, please join me in welcoming a true American Hero captain coffman. [laughter] [applause] in our navyis also log with a very handsome picture. We would like you to have this printout of that, today. Cpt. Kaufman he has re told you about what i was going to tell you that i will repeat some story will start at middle of 1943. Nimitzhat time, admiral who had his headquarters in pearl harbor, moved to guam and took with him his operational staff and left behind his logistics and admin people and so on. Ther he got out there, operational commanders of the various forces in the pacific, followed him to guam. The commander of the Pacific Force and the Fleet Marine Force and the one that interested me, the commander marine submarine force. Under charles laughlin. Of 1943, i summer graduated from the submarine school and its abbreviated wartime course, and had joined navalbmarine gato, in a shipyard in california. Named boat for one of the early classes of fleet submarines. It had a couple of distinctions, one of which was that it had six engines. It was common for submarines at that time to have five engines, but gato had four main engines and two auxiliary engines. That was unusual. 1943,ed in the summer of and we left the shipyard and went to pearl harbor, and then on to the western pacific. I made threeaid, war patrols in gato, as a torpedo and gunnery officer, that i made two patrols as an executive officer. I must say, being the executive of a submarine is less than a year as less than a year out of sub school was not unusual. [laughter] things moved fast in the wartime days. During the time i was a torpedo and gunnery officer, my Commanding Officer was a fellow named bob fully out of the Naval Academy class bob foley, out of the Naval Academy class of 1928. Some of those older people were criticized for not being active enough in the command of their submarine, and were relieved and followed by younger submarine skippers. Bob foley was not one of those people. Gohad plenty of get up and and get up and get criticized for it. Letterthe recipient of a telling him not to repeat one of his operations. Into a japanese convoy, and every time we started to close this was during the daytime every time we started to close on the surface, an airplane came in. Foley,t enough for bob he got our machine crews on station, and they started firing back which chased the airplane away. Did not agreeking was a proper submarine tactic. [laughter] time inring that there was a morning in the south china sea, when i was in an attack with the submarine on the surface i want to give you some insight into that. During the early days of world war ii, submarines in the western pacific generally dove andon and stayed at dawn stayed submerged all day and surface that evening twilight. We learnedwore on, with the proper vigilance, we could stay on the surface all and we could cite aircraft sight aircraft from far enough away and could get under before they got over us. In that condition i was the tech at some place in the south china sea. And aircraft but i was looking and i saw something on the horizon. I looked closer and i thought i saw movement. We headed the submarine toward it, called the captain, and when we got over there, we found this suppose 15 over feetet square 15 or 18 there floating around in middle of nowhere with a japanese soldier aboard. We got him aboard the submarine, and he was in pretty bad shape. This raft did not have any canvas or topping on it. He was out there in the sun with the saltwater washing over him for some several days, i dont know how long. I dont know whether we ever determined that. Andver, we got him aboard, our pharmacist nursed him back to health over the next several captain goten the him into wardrobe, somebody had a japaneseenglish dictionary, and captain foley used that and questioned the soldier, and i guess got his name, rank and serial number. And may have got the ship he came from. I was not in on that interrogation, so i dont know just how much information we got. Aftas quartered in the torpedo room. We always had a watch back there anyway. We had him several more weeks aboard. Ored into port, but mo alongside a submarine repair shop, and of course everybody knew that we were coming in as a prisoner with a prisoner. Submarinedeck of the area was covered with sailors. The guard from the aft torpedo room brought the prisoner up through one of the aft hatches. The japanese soldier took one look up at that main deck and saw all of these people looking at him, and he started right back down below. [laughter] he was perfectly content, i think, to spend the rest of his life in a u. S. Submarine. [laughter] however, he was prompted to come out. He went over to the tender, and was met by a squad of marines and they took him away and that is the end of that story. We got several hits on the convoy. And then we got a pacing from the convoy export. , large number of depth charges one of them very close. Managed to work our way away from the escorts and the convoy, helped in part by a rainstorm that made the japanese sonar somewhat unreliable. We worked our way away. After atwilight, careful check around, we surfaced and got things squared away. Nobody in sight. I happened to be the officer of backup at that time. The skipper was still on the bridge, and a couple lookouts. One of the other officers stuck his head up, requested to come up and we brought him up on the bridge, and he said that some of the people down below are complaining about something being loose on deck. He requested permission to go down and see what it was. Than 3045one more seconds, and he was back up on the bridge, and he tapped the skipper on his shoulder and said, captain, there is a depth charged on theire. Yeah, we tookid,id one pretty close. And he said, that is not what i mean. It is still there. We took some more people back up on board, we took the japanese soldier up, im sure he thought we were going to throw him over the side. We gave him a piece of paper and a pen, and indicated for him to copy the inscription off the depth charge, and then the the ve officer caught copied the inscriptions as best he could. We knew that the intelligence was, when we got into port, going to criticize us for not bringing that depth charge with us. [laughter] rolledly as possible, we this 500 pound can into the weerboat, rubber boat, trimmed it down until the main deck was awash, pushed the rubber boat over the side. As to a brief discussion whether or not a hole in the rubber boat, and decided at as to whether or not to slash a whole in the rubber boat, and decided we left. I flitted uptrol, to become fleeted up to become the exec, and we made a couple more roles. 1944, iatter part of was transferred away from gato. I expected to be gone to the exact of a newly constructed submarine. I had a piece of paper that indicates that. But i was kicking around pearl andor, doing some odd jobs, the Personnel Officer said for me. Some of you may have known lawson ramidge. When he got dressed up and was , the one in the upper righthand corner of that top row of ribbons was a light blueribbon with 13 little stars in it. He had been a quite famous submarine skipper. He called me into his office and said, how would you like to go to guam and be the admirals aide and flag lieutenant . I said i dont think i am cut out to be the flag lieutenant and he said go see the chief of staff. The chief of staff, commodore crawford, asked me the same question and i gave him the same answer and he said, go pack. [laughter] 1944, or early 1945i got to guam and was the admirals flag lieutenant for most of 1945. At the end of the war, admiral nimitz directed all of the flag and general officers in the pacific, who could get away and turn their command to a trusted subordinate, and come to tokyo to be aboard the misery for the surrender ceremony to be therd the missouri for surrender ceremony, at that time admiral lockhart took me with him. That is how i got to be on board for the surrender ceremony. At the time, i was 25. A lot of time has transpired since then, but i member that ceremony quite well. Remember thatut i ceremony quite well. Thank you. [applause] in this picture up there, you can see general macarthur, admiral sherman, and write back of the admiral is my boss, admiral lockwood. Do you have any questions for captain kaufman. Please do. He would like to know about your experience in the north atlantic continent. Of. Kaufman in the summer paik an eightinch gun cruiser most of the time i was a gunnery officer it was a small popgun that did not intimidate me very much, but getting back to the north atlantic in the summer of and, we went to england became a National Part of the royal navy fleet, in order to be able to operate with the home fleet, those of us who stood under way went out and small craft, used a british signal same,the flags were the but they meant different things. We learned to do squads right and squads left in accordance with the british system. Times, we became a covering force for a convoy. We were not directly in contact with the convoy, but we were there to keep any german surface ships from coming out and working on it. The convoy was heavily attacked by air, we lost a lot of ships, but those who survived got into mirmansk. Anything else . Any other questions . Hard to see with the lighting dont be shy. Colonel, yes . Your experiences in japan following the surrender . Did you stay there and interact with the japanese people at all . Cpt. Kaufman after the ceremony, admiral lockwood and the submarine Squadron Commander aboard the submarine tender their, and i, visited the submarine base. We walked through and looked at a lot of submarines, a lot of under construction submarines. We went into a lot of buildings. Captain parks, the Squadron Commander and i, were both packing pistols. Admiral lockwood didnt have anything, but he scared us to death. We go into a building and he would go to a closed door and opened it up, we expected it to blow up in his face, which of course it didnt. All the vehicles that we saw there wasnt a soul around, the vehicles all had their driveshafts disconnected and bent. That was the only indication we saw that the japanese expected us to take a look at that sub base. In the back there. Was there much difference between american and Japanese Technology that you found aboard these ships or submarines . Cpt. Kaufman i really cannot answer that. We took about four japanese submarines back to pearl harbor and i dont know that we found out very much in that they technology, had done a whole lot about. Commandedf mine, who one of them, told me that the condition of the boats they took back to pearl harbor was pretty bad. Whether that was due to a fall of morale at the end of the war, or whether that was the general situation, i do not know. Yes . Lockwood is often given credit for revitalizing the submarine force, especially in doing away with some of that xiv, hetions on the mark mustve had special qualities. Can you tell us about the admiral . Cpt. Kaufman before i got on heardaff, he had already from his Commanding Officers and they were hitting ships the torpedoes were not going off. Drivenere mark xiv steam torpedoes. Exploder a magnetic that was supposed to set the torpedo to run under the target, and the magnetic influence wasnt working. Device wasetting malfunctioning, the torpedoes were running deeper than set. While he was still in pearl he had some test runs, some nets arranged so you could fire a torpedo and determine the ande through which it went, what its actual depth was. He connected conducted some tests with the magnetic exploders. Magnetic exploders. He conducted some tests with the by firing exploders, torpedoes at the various cliffs around the hawaiian islands, finding out that the concussion exploders didnt always work depending on the angle the torpedo hit. When he conducted these experiments, he was able to convince the people at the torpedo factory, who kept saying that everything was fine, that the skippers did not know how to fire them those tests convince them something was wrong. I recall, during the time i was a torpedo and gunnery officer at too, we got a radio message disable the magnetic feature, because they definitely found out it was not working. Then, toward the end of the war, when i was on the staff, for several years, we had not had any submarines in the sea of because the southern entrance to the sea of japan and so we hadned, not sent anything in their. Sent anything in there. Admiral lockwood, in talking to some of the west coast universities, have them develop sonar, thattion could detect a small floating object so big. They developed it under his urging. The mine detection sonar was built and installed and 1015 submarines. He had one officer on the staff who became the Training Officer for the mine detecting sonar. When all of those boats trained up, and one at a time went into the sea of japan, and didnt stir up any action at all, until all of the boats were in their, then opened fire and closed down the sea of japan for japanese merchant shipping. Thank you so much. It has been an honor to have you here today. [laughter] [applause] i would like to present you with one of our vj day anniversary. Coins it is nothing like the souvenir he still carries in his wallet stating he was aboard the uss missouri on september 2. Which is pretty cool. Thank you so much. [applause] on first ladies influence and image we learn about edith and ellen wilson. Edit improved conditions for the poor and washington dc. Fell 1. 5 years, she gravely ill and passed away. President wilson later marries ellen wilson and then suffers a stroke, making her primary duty his caretaker. She also became the first first lady to travel to europe. Et on first0 p. M. Ladies. Examining the public and private women who were first lady and their influence. Sundays on cspan3. People and out basement, be hitting people in the head. I do think any other people could take this kind of stuff. It would drive anybody to revolution. What do you think about the police . They are nothing but pigs. They say to me because i wasnt in school and shit like that, and i say what you going to do with me . They say i will take you to the pig pen and i sate know you aint, you will take me to my aunts. The questions that come up when people are suppressed and People Living like we have to live in the black community, how do you get a handle on these problems . The problems creating in the atizens an awareness for dramatic and vast change in this community. Chirping] washingtons third police district, there is contrast here. Violence in the spring riots of 1968. An average week will bring 40 robberies, 16 aggravated assaults and height incidents of rape, homicide and arson. With drug abuse the source of half the crime, 80 addicts will die this year from overdose. By fall of 1968, a Mayors Committee had chosen this site for opportunity. With high hope and half 1 million the plan is this, erode suspicion and fear among police and the people. Find ways of helping the police force to be part of the community again. There were those in the Third District to the experiment was dangerously flawed. The overall goal of the project is to try to get at what we recognize is now a pervasive distrust between the citizens and the police. When you talk about control, you fall short of the total citizen control of the precinct. There was never any provision in the grant or the plan for that sort of control. Absolute control. Is that clear . Community,he black see the police as enemies. I remind everybody here that i may very well the shot as i walk out that door if i happen to anger some white policeman. I am very aware of that and every black person is and we want to control those individuals. Everyone and his mother know that the police is the number one problem in america, if you dont want to deal with that, that is your problem, but at least let me have a say so if that is the kind of thing i want. A lot of people may be happy the mayor asked us to come here, i am not. There are Morten Porton committees in this. There are more important committees than this. I can deal with the police, more than likely. Im talking about the 600,000 black people here who have a problem with the police . We just have to try to figure when you to make sure, get as old as i am or before that, that you dont have to live in those kind of conditions were you dont have to see the drug addicts and the dope. That is what we are talking about. How do you take a dude like this and make sure he can grow up, to be a man, to get the kind of advantages that other people get. So we have to do something about trying to get some kind of control over our communities, right . Right . So we can say how are you dong, sister, so we can Say Something about what is happening in our community. I think we can do that, dont you think so . Yeah. This sunday night on q a, been visiting the graves of u. S. President s and Vice President s since he was nine and documenting his adventures on his website, curtshistoricsites. Com. The one great site that everyone has trouble getting to that wants to do this is the rockefeller grave. Nelson rockefeller, Vice President for ford. How did you do it . We were able to do it through what my father describes as an act of god. My father walked farther down the perimeter and subdistrict this gigantic tree had fallen and crushed the fence. He went in and saw Nelson Rockefellers grave and decided to get me there fairly quickly after that. Dion, sunday night on cspans q a. You can watch the classes here every saturday at 8 00 p. M. And midnight, and sundays at 1 00 p. M. Next, robin munsey analyzes the women after world war ii focusing on their areas is in the labor market. Into lowerforced othe paying jobs. This class took place at the university of maryland in college park. Were going to go ahead and get started eerie we are going to begin our analysis of american womens lives after world war ii, and route that analysis in a summary of the arguments that you heard in the