Grandpa holder, he says the only honest way to get a mess of peas or a crown of glory is to work for it. Brother bill is in the army. But dick, 14, takes his place. And this is jane, just 16. Grandpa and dad always kept garden plans in their heads but Victory Garden plans should be on paper. So they will study state and federal bulletins, which have been written to serve as guides in Victory Gardens. Now lets see on this little model of their quarter acre garden the plan they work out. Heres the early garden. Here, four rows of early potatoes. Then two double rows of peas early, medium, and late. One row of cabbage. Double row of carrots and beets. Half a row each. One double row of greens, spinach, mustard and chard. Tomatoes. Peppers, half a roll. Radishes, lettuces and on onions next to the house. Asparagus and rhubarb. Beans. Four rows of sweet corn along the fence. And finally, two rows of lima beans complete the early garden. Now for the late garden. After each of the early crops is harvested, a planting of another crop is to be made so as to have a succession. For convenience of illustration, all early crops except tomatoes and chard are removed from the model. Here are the later crops. Four rows of u. S. Number five beans. Two rows of squash along the fence. Three rows of late potatoes. Late cabbage. Carrots and beets, half double rows each. Three rows of turnips. A row of spinach. Half a rowllard, beach. Here they have a garden plan that will serve the family plan this year. In succeeding years, they will want to rotate crops within the plot. Now for the real garden. When the maples are in bloom, its time to begin planting. When the moisture is just right, the soil wont ball or be sticky. It holds its shape when pressed but crumbles easily when broken. Then its ripe for working and planting. The garden is sunny, has good soil and drainage and is well fenced. It was manured and plowed last fall. Now after lining and harrowing, it is ready to plant. Grandpa knows how to cut potatoes. He makes goodsized chunky pieces about the size of a hens egg, each with at least one eye. Certified seed gives best results. Look for the blue tag. Potato rolls are three feet apart. Four inches deep. A complete commercial fertilizer like 5105 is spread and mixed with the soil before planting. The seed is dropped one piece to a hill, everyone evenly spaced about one foot apart. Covering may be done with plow or hoe. In running furrows for peas, a line or stakes are used to space them in double rows, three feet apart. Treatment of peas and other vegetable seed with dust disinfectant helps to prevent seed rot and blights. A level teaspoon full of powder, to four pounds of speed, well mixed until each seed is coated. Young cabbage and tomato plants are coming along well. Being hardy, cabbages are planted early. Dick sets the roots deep and presses the soil firmly around them. If the ground is dry, he pours a little water into each hole before covering. A piece of tar paper, two inches square, with a slit through the hole in the center, will keep maggots away. The holders have best results with onion sets grown the previous year, though they could use seedlings or seeds. The corner or handle of the hoe is used to make furrows for small seeds like lettuce, about a half inch deep. Jane shakes the seed out evenly but not too thickly. Carrot seeds are also planted about a half inch deep. Beet seeds, larger, are planted one inch deep, one inch apart. Spinach seeds are planted like carrots. The young plants are thinned to four inches apart. The holders have selected vegetables that are grown easily, good yielders, rich in vitamins and can be canned or stored for winter use. Plum trees are in bloom. Time to plant sweet corn. This is the golden one, resistant to disease. Three kernels are enough. Almost summer now and the garden is coming along. A garden that will furnish plenty of nutritious vitaminpacked vegetables for the family table. That is, if they ever reach the table. The paper still keeps the maggots away from the cabbage. Tomatoes are a must in every Victory Garden and lots of them. Plant are set out when danger of frost is over. They are protected from cut worms by paper collars, fastened at the top with a paper clip for or a pin. At the bottom, by pulling the soil around them. A few peppers are desirable. The holders started these hot weather plants seven weeks ago in the kitchen window. Lima beans are planted two to the hill, an inch and a half deep. Pole limas complete the early garden planting. Some vegetables need thinning. Dick uses a garden hoe for that part. But finishing is done by hand. The chard is being thinned to six to eight inches apart. The only way to get weeds out of a row of carrots is by hand. Right now, when they are small. Pig weed is a common fastgrowing weed. Lambs quarter. They will quickly crowd out vegetables if not pulled. Thinning carrots is a pain in the back, but these young folks have keen eyes and nimble fingers. Weeds grow fast. And as grandpa says, theres no tool that gets them all but the hoe makes the job easier between the rows. Careful, not too close or too deep. You might cut the outer root. A horse cultivator may do the job much faster. This implement has attachments that will plant seeds of almost any size in rows or in hills. Now the pests begin to work. Worm, beetle, bugs, hoppers. Who said gardening was just pleasant exercise . Heres the first pest. The common cabbage worm, eating holes in the new cab bang leaves. Like a good gardener, dick is on the job to protect the crop from all these pests and diseases. The cabbage worms mama, a small white butterfly, lays its eggs in the leaves. A serving of stomach poison should finish mr. Cabbage worm. They have been made scarce by the war, so dust is used. Dick does a good job of it. This cabbage is sick with the yellows, or wilt. Once the fungus that causes wilt gets into the soil, it takes years to get rid of it. Next time, dick will use resistant varieties like jersey queen. The easy way to control insects and diseases is to attack them before they become too numerous. Flea beetles eat holes in potato leaves. Calcium arsenic is the remedy. To make two and a half gallons, they dissolved three ounces of powdered copper sulfate in water. Then he makes a thin paste of three ounces of hydrated lime and water. This is put into the pail, stirred, and the mixture is made. To this may be added two tablespoons full of calcium arsenate to kill the bugs. Easy, isnt it . This is also a good spray for grapes, tomatoes, and roses. Dick sprays potatoes about once every two weeks. Late potatoes need more sprayings than early ones. Now the peas are ready. Excellent source of vitamin c cabbage too is ready to eat. Another excellent source of vitamin c, especially raw. It should be grown in every Victory Garden. A solid four pound head. Cabbage is available in the garden over a long period. Carrots are rich in vitamin a, needed for night vision and building up resistance to disease. Luscious raspberries are ripening. Such delicious, small fruits should be in every garden. Uhoh. Those pesky bugs again. This time, its the mexican bean beetle. A bad pest in the south and east. The young beetles may strip a plant completely in a week or two. A complete generation occurs in 35 days. Cryaliet dust is the remedy. Digg makes sure to reach them with the dust. One of the common causes of failure of lima and green and wax snap beans is bacterial blight. The leaves are blighted. Pods and seeds are spotted. This disease is carried with the seed. Western grown seed from reliable firms is recommended. Tomatoes are troubled by wilt, caused by a fungus that lives in the soil and attacks through the roots. Getting into the sapcarrying tubes and shutting off the water supply. The plants die. This blackened, woody tissue is the sign of wilt. Only resistant varieties should be grown on wiltinfested land. The fungus does not damage seriously resistant varieties obe, mark global, margl rutgers, and panamerica. A similar disease effects eggplant. Note the darkened tissue in the stem. The remedy is rotation of crops. The clean, white appearance of this stem indicates a healthy plant. Heres the pesky old worm. Eggs are laid and hatched. A mixture of white mineral oil, at the right time, helps to control them. Smut, another corn enemy, attacks all parts of the plant. It does not lower yields much on or below the ear, it is damaging. Leaf blights also affect corn. Sprays do not control these diseases, but resistant varieties of corn are being developed. Downey mildew is one of several leaf diseases that interfere with successful production of cucumber and related crops. Another is anthraxose. It affects both the leaves and the fruit. It spots and blights watermelons, decreasing yields and reducing quality of fruit. The dust is used for these diseases. This garden pest is easy to stop. Just keep the gate closed and the fence on tight. No holes. Zinnias are in bloom. And the crops are beginning to roll out. The last of the early irish cobblers. Certified seed help to make a good yield. Good quality too, free from scab and uniform in shape. Much of the nutritional value of beets is in the tops. So its wise to use them young when the tops are edible. Perhaps the number one garden crops, they keep ripening over a long period and are an important source of vitamin c, which is often deficient in our diets. When properly cooked or canned, there is not much loss of this vitamin. Tomatoes are easily canned. One bushel will fill 12 quart jars. At least 20 quarts per person should be put up. Corn tops against the sky. Yellow varieties of corn contain vitamin a. Both white and yellow contain small amounts of minerals and vitamins as well as starches and sugar. Green peppers, rich in vitamin c and a. Pole beans, green, dried or canned. And swiss chard. Chard can be used throughout the summer. The holder garden has plenty of such green, leafy vegetables, turnip greens, mustard greens, collards, all for winter use. And that just about covers the holder Victory Garden. Just one of thousands of such farm gardens. Just a sample that you can match in most any community in america. Each a Health Insurance policy, a savings bank. Each a vitamin mine from which you can take stuff more precious than silver or gold. But remember what grandpa says. No work, no garden. Get what that means. No work, no spuds. No work, no turnip, no tank, no flying fortress, no victory. Bear that in mind, all you Victory Gardeners, and work for victory American History tv is on cspan3 every weekend. All of our programs are archived on our website on cspan. Org history. You can watch lectures, tours of historic sites, archival films, and see our schedule. At cspan. Org history. Sunday American History tv looks back to the Oklahoma City bombing. We will air a compilation of cspans 1995 coverage of the event. Here is a preview. [applause] resident clinton, mrs. Katie governor keating, mayor, and our visiting governor from the great state of texas, governor and misses bush, and so many people have come here from all over the country to join in this prayer service, and for all that has been said, i dont know what im going to say because we have had several messages brought here. One from the president , it could be a sermon from a pulpit anywhere. What he will do someday. [applause] 10 or 20 years from now. [laughter] but most important of all, all of those people that have named from the fire department, the police department, those people that were in the building, those people that have lost loved ones , those that have been injured in the bombing, our tears mingle with yours as we walk through the womb walked through the room and shook hands with so many of you. And you from the various , theies, like the fire medical, the police, the hundreds of volunteers we have already heard about. No matter how hard we try, words cannot express the horror and the shock and the repulsion all fear all feel over what place in this city last wednesday. That terrible and senseless tragedy runs against the grain of every standard, every belief, and every custom hold as a Civilized Society in the united states. The images of devastation and suffering we have seen here will be indelibly imprinted on each one of our minds and hearts as long as we live. That blast was like a violent explosion, ripping at the heart of america. Long after the rubble is cleared and the rebuilding begins, the scars of this senseless and evil outrage will remain. What we come together here today not only to pray and forgive and love, what to say to those who mastermind this cruel plot and to those who carried it out, that the spirit of this nation will not be watch more of the 19 95 coverage of the Oklahoma City bombing this sunday at 11 00 a. M. Eastern and 8 00 a. M. Pacific here on American History tv. You are watching American History tv, covering history, eyewitnesse with accounts, archival films, lectures, and visits to museums and historic places. All weekend, every weekend, on cspan3. Andrewcan irie served as a medic during world war ii and he recounts his tour of duty re his tour of duty dday and the bottom of the bulge. Ins interview was conducted 2010 for its oral history collection. Andrewy im with mr. Kiniry