Many animals communicate via their voices and pitchin intonation play a key role in the process because those elements predate any kind of language or grammar in humans what you say is often less important than how you say it. U. S. President barack obama. Finds this nation together is not the color is a more steady apple steve jobs. 3 separate device. This is one of my german politician great need of wash all but. 3 charismatic speakers with something to say but if you think that content is the main aspect of speaking youre wrong how we say it is much more important. That its our mentor. Its been for the quality of the voice and the intonation played the biggest role in bringing across the statement to the listeners researchers say. This kind this will not only can i measure how well you speak i can also turn you into a better speaker. Together with fanatics expert oliver neber weve devised an experiment we invited 12 volunteers to a Recording Studio half of them made up the jury and the other half for a test group they all had to read the same passage from good his classic play faust. Had been a few zefi he was stuck i seen one flight out to be our philosophy you know this stuff i mean it seemed to me tyson immune destination only. On pins a clue before the jury members couldnt see the speakers but only judge their voices. As a doctor once a year show 100. 00 c. And yeah this that sounded like a math professor writing on the board for me it was staccato pretty fast and yeah you know the jury could award between one and 10 points isin my guess that has the dr guy and see a short and saying yeah she was really into the role but yeah out of the 3 march received a much Oliver Niebuhr has. Devised a formula to determine how the perfect charismatic voice sounds he analyzes voices according to various parameters including tempo rhythm melody volume and pauses by measuring 16 parameters he comes up with a value of what he calls acoustic charisma the highest possible score is 100 can his method predict the jurys results neber used it to pick the top 3. Nino placed 1st features of feet i dont need to. Second place went to fire your thought i needed theme and lucas came in 3rd. For those who feel you was too high and it seemed. So what were the jurys scores they also thought nina was the best but 2nd in 3rd place were switched. The other spots were the same for the computer calculation and the jury almost identical why. Because the voice is an ancient means of communication much older than our word choice our words are syntax and our grammar so its directly linked to our perception and emotions and to our decisions every listener creates an image exactly like our system does. On this team and what makes certain voices convincing even seductive need were analyzed recorded speeches by famous people like facebook had Mark Zuckerberg and apple founder steve jobs. A revolutionary mobile phone and a Breakthrough Internet Communications Device and Additional Support on may day one of the key parameters as the range of pitch and jobs is ranges more than 2 octaves or 24. 00 halftones zuckerberg remains under one octave or slightly over 11 half tons. But what i do what i can assure you is that were hard at work making sure that people dont misuse this platform studies klink so Mark Zuckerberg sounds much less melodic and somewhat more monotonous than steve jobs and he gets a score of 52 in our test and by contrast our steve jobs has a score of 93. 5. Above all a pronounced speech melodies seduces listeners and charismatic speakers tend to transition between loud and soft fast and slow and choose the right moments for pauses while we want. All of our niebuhr is also examining how strongly a voice can influence us for example within that of a geisha device hes chosen a route from the port in the danish town of the under board to the University Campus the drivers know the area well 2 different forces were used in the test. That one was similar to steve jobss voice. And this one was more like Mark Zuckerberg but the test drivers didnt know that both voices tried to lead them in the wrong direction. The detour became longer and longer so which voice did the locals follow longer. In the few speech the op of all people quit much later with the one that was like steve jobs in fact 26. 7 percent of them didnt quit at all so we had to end the test. With a voice similar to Mark Zuckerberg zamost half of the drivers quit after the 1st mistake. We believe thats because the drivers thought the wrong directions given by the steve jobs like voice were an alternate route to avoid Road Construction or traffic jams not a faulty programming of the navigation device if you got someone screwed into safes. So a charismatic voice can lead us and also seduce us but peoples voices arent an alterable niebuhr is developing software to help everyone to train their voice to be more charismatic. And pillars of feet high when we did see the light of q. B. Doing all the studio to the base of the moon now he hopes to turn his training module into an app a year ago he had a charisma score of 43 percent since then his score has gone up to 85. 00. With good us to. Be proud that is red white clad only thing you. Do you have a science question that youve always wanted and said were happy to help out you send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. This week a viewer from columbia asked about trek from space. How great is the risk of a deadly asteroid strike. In day out our planet is bombarded with chunks of rock from space most are so small they hardly leave a trace. But in 2013 this meteorite was left by an asteroid that formed a fireball and exploded over the russian city of chelyabinsk was the biggest one to hit the earth in a century. Most asteroids orbit the sun in a region between jupiter and mars known as the master. Out there debris left over from the early solar system. This animation shows the orbits of all 600000 known asteroids new ones are discovered every month the earth has been struck throughout its history and the moon shows how often and violently lunar impact craters arent born away by wind and waves so the moon serves as a kind of archive over the last 290000000 years the frequency of impacts on earth has risen because a large asteroids have collided producing many tiny fragments. Some of these space rocks caused massive destruction when they hit the earth one that struck 66000000 years ago. An asteroid measuring 10 kilometers in diameter landed in mexico and the cataclysm that ensued wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species but even much smaller asteroids can cause deadly damage thats why telescopes constantly survey the sky to detect near earth asteroids and predict their trajectories more than 800. 00 potentially hazardous objects are catalogued one of them is a path us that over 300 meters in diameter it would be big enough to wipe out a city like berlin. In 2029 its expected to pass on earth even closer than some Geostationary Communications satellites. Radio telescopes have revealed details of numerous asteroids like this several kilometer wide boulder its also coming unnervingly close to earth. The data shows that the risk of impact in the next 200 years is negligible however asteroids coming from a direction close to the sun often hard for ground based telescopes to detect that was the case with the asteroid that became the chelyabinsk meteor when it exploded over the russian city it released the. 3 times as much energy as the atomic bomb detonated at hiroshima injuring 1500. 00 people and damaging thousands of buildings. In 2017 while walk past the solar system it was the 1st interstellar object weve ever detected in space surprises are always just an observation away. In the early stages of development the fetus in a womb doesnt have found its skeleton is mainly made of cartilage as a baby grows that gradually turns into bone everywhere except at the joints they remain cushioned by cottage for the rest of our lives in principle at least but as we grow older it begins to deteriorate lets find out why ready. Professor thomas park has a somewhat unusual passion these tiny cells cartilage so. Popular his team keep a very close eye on them ready theyre convinced that cartilage cells play a malign role in arthritis. But why. Last year also when we discovered that cartilage cells dont just simply begin degenerating the cells communicate with each other and receive external signals and were trying to understand those signals coding decipher and spying on them so. Ready that its not easy to eavesdrop on the cells they live very isolated lives in tiny cavities in a car to latinists nature. Ready but chemical messengers is still able to reach them and transmit information at 1st good information. Cartilage cells constantly receive reassuring signals from their surroundings that tell them everythings alright stay where you are rebuild the cartilage in a controlled manner without the signals the cartilage cells face a lot of stress and a spot of their reaction to the stress they switch to a dismantling program and begin to destroy the cartilage. But what exactly puts the cells under stress. Which signals cause the cartilage tissue to begin to selfdestruct. The researches know the cartilage in joints suffered due to bad posture but other factors can also contribute to the stress reaction. To being overweight is certainly at the top of the list of stress factors for cartilage and its a trigger for arthritis the excess weight acts in 2 ways 1st it puts additional strain on the joints and the cartilage. In addition to fatty tissue produces problem from a tree substances that can exacerbate the disease process among. But not everybody whos overweight will develop off writers a number of other doctors are all for involved genetic excuse or injuries you need to. Fill it. Up steam and looking for chemical messengers in the joint fluids and other substances that are emitted by stress constellation cells. Theyve already identified one of them approaching called cindy can for. Following an injury the cartilage cells start producing it but what role does the person play under safaga after initially planning to find an answer to this problem that we decided to examine it in mind when we identified the syndic and for we already knew that there are mice that are unable to produce it so they were very suitable for our study. The surprising result was that mice without us in the can for protein did not develop arthritis following cartilage damage the only mice that did produce the protein it appears to be one of the substances that can initiate the destruction of the joint cartilage. Sendek and 4 is imbedded in the cell membrane of cartilage cells but how exactly does it transmit the destructive signals and can the researches hinder it the sunni can feel the syndic on 4 is integrated into the cellular surface and functions like an antenna. Different proteins can talk on to that antenna on the one hand chemical messengers but also enzymes that can ultimately destroy the cartilage ready. Pups team has identified one of those enzymes. Ready the discovery is a milestone one thats helped the researches understand how the enzyme triggers destruction. If the enzyme is activated on the cell surface it begins cutting up college and finders in the surrounding tissue. As if it was for us and it was a key discovery for us because we could then start searching for an antibody that can prevent the enzyme from triggering the degradation process. That in turn enabled us to stop joint degradation in the mice. To prevent the mice from developing arthritis at all it was a major success for us. So the scientists have already unlocked one of the secrets behind cartilage cells improving their understanding of the cells in the future will conceivably allow them to treat this crippling condition. Now we have to find antibodies for people. But that would be a 1st real step towards developing an effective therapy for off writers. But its a step that will take decades rather than years. They are child soldiers. Set slides. Forced laborers. To global slavery in texas there are currently 45000000 modern slaves more than at any other time in Human History like the 2 centuries ago during his journey through spain south american colonies alexander from whom was a vocal critic of the treatment of slides power reporter Christian Roman followed from both stresses in colombia where slavery is cruel legacy is still tangible. 180. 00 metres below ground nothing but soft all around us. The mono security and modern day colombia. For centuries the one so precious substance was extracted here under appalling working conditions. Every day the narrows faced the threat of floods trucks or councillors and collapsing tunnels at a time when alexander for homeworld visited the tunnels in 1801 countless Indigenous People lost their lives toiling away down here. Indeed it does get cold but if you look at the spanish forests the indigenous inhabitants to work in the mines in the eyes of the Catholic Church they didnt have a soul and were therefore seen as dispensable labor for working in the tunnels. And nobody had to report their deaths. But unequal this is why there are no real statistics on how many people died working in the mines in the 1900 century fortys. By the time to reach the socalled new world slavery had been a pillar of the Spanish Colonial economy for centuries and when they could no longer find you know when did you know as people to cover their labor needs the spanish had millions of africans abducted and torn from their homelands and shipped across the atlantic to the caribbean. The immediate destination after the brutal sea journey was the port city of kut to hang on to india us or the slaves or auctioned off on cross or do ya do wanna. Buyers continually appeared and examine the condition of the slaves teeth their age and state of else or critical them both reported on the interview main events seen the display of options they forcibly wrenched their mouths open just as we see a horse market. Got to hit but in america to him it was a kind of marketplace where slaves were bargained over just like any other goods whether indigenous or african here they were no longer viewed as human beings but as a commodity with the potential to earn their owners a lot of money that it was a major landowners came here from all over the colonies looking for labor what was it that my the for Agricultural Production in the hacienda or as domestic servants in the cities they got what up out of the sleigh. Trade the haina became an important commercial hub of the colonial era. And. We. Know. That its. Bad enough for. Me but. For me. They absolutely have. Kilometers from carter and know his son buzzy leo departing king i village founded by escaped slaves today has a population of 3500 people nearly all of them natural colombians theyre the descendants of the cement on a sinister strand its called their runaway slaves as was common practice they had all been marked by their owners with branding irons as humbled himself witnessed the scars would remain forever but not the chains from which the slaves freed themselves to escape suncoast c. D. O. Depending was the 1st free slave town in the america i was. Living in freedom and didnt seclusion the slaves and their descendants preserved and fostered their own culture. Today the community is above all connected by punk hero the only creole language in latin america with spanish portuguese and african influences in the 1990 s. It was reintroduced to the curriculum for schoolchildren not so close well i mean that. All our lives we heard and spoke the language in our homes but eventually it almost died out. In the community face discrimination because of its language firstly its never been easy being black in colombia and secondly especially if youre from. There by linking 3rd we speak spanish differently from other colombian os its melodic almost like singing and 4th spanish might have always been the official National Language but its never been our native tongue. For linguistics experts the fact that such a Small Community has managed to preserve its own creole language over for centuries is practically a miracle. Yes. The long bond movie is a traditional valuable ritual where the entire Community Gathers in the Village Center for 9 days and nights its this kind of cohesion and solidarity that helps embassy leo depend survive as a Community Despite centuries of persecution poverty and discrimination. Today that part and care of us are officially recognized minority in colombia. But the trauma of slavery as a lasting legacy. I know for more they read out of it but now there are 2 ways of looking at slavery theres the physical manifestation where slaves feel the chains and shackles on their arms and ankles yet this form of slavery has disappeared. I thought i think you. But not the psychological slavery our minds are still subject to an installation process we still havent overcome it which is why a lot of descendants of african slaves still tend to deny their roots when the thing we ended the after he got in the army got him. Oleksandr from home board referred to slavery as the greatest of all evils which of afflicted mankind. The explorer repeatedly wrote of his disgust at the injustices he saw in the colonies to the extent that some of his works ended up being banned there but to the last number stayed true to his conviction that all humans are equally designed to live in freedom. And his famous expedition to the americas alexander from horrible to all some explore the are an unkind river today a biologist there is struggling to preserve the regions bio diversity for the final part of our journey in the footsteps of home bolt next time on tomorrow today see you then. S. O. S. Europe the european idea is in crisis. If its to have a future economy champions young champions meet foreign journalists for a country. Say they are fighting for the train. They stand a chance and they say security an idea. On d. W. Natural riches of precious resources. And a rewarding investment in. Farmland has been called ethiopias dream goal to the country has an abundance of 5 places it to International Giants the government is after high export revenues and the cooperation of high profit margins. And not everyone benefits from the booming business. When i saw the altos or the clearing the land i was devastated going to god could they bulldozed the land without my permission removed what i knew it belonged i mean a woman. Expropriation environmental destruction starvation. Crisis from government and corporate. Selling out of our country. Did donkeys fear no hyenas. Start september 18th on d. W. Humans love interaction and sometimes you dont have a if youre about well provided thats great theyre going to replace people at manufacturing theyre going to replace doctors and lawyers theyre going to replace people in jobs you wouldnt think they can if all the work is being done by machines what humans do but they try and keep Getting Better and better patient and taking more and more advanced jobs or do they end up doing other things making art having social interactions with each other are we going to have enough humanity to make it possible for everyone or some people going to say i want everything and the rest you guys have to be poor and die it allows individuals to discover their humanity they have to learn new meaning for life and new things to do thats a social revolution that hopefully we can move through slowly. Prodemocracy demonstrators in hong kong have disrupted commuter traffic and are calling for a general strike later on monday another weekend of disruption so some of the worst violence in 3 months of antigovernment protests activists to seeking to maintain hunt comes independence from china