I have seen my death thats what that one can said she was the 1st human to ever be x. Ray its her husband come cotland can began to use electromagnetic radiation in the high energy part of the spectrum to look beneath the skin in a scene 95 x. Rays have since become a Key Technology in modern medicine today scientists even employ high speed x. Ray machines to investigate the secrets of movement. Is this a serious look a little grass. Is the stuff. Very special film. Ok x. Rays. Because the d. N. A. Universitys institute physiology and Evolutionary ResearchMartin Fisher and his team dig deep to get their results. Were one of only a few in the world who have managed to depict moving skeletons certainly at this level of resolution. To do so we systematically employ a variety of constantly updated ways and means to get beneath an animal skin beneath its fur its feathers to look and see how the animal actually moves. To steer. The equipment in yemen it can take up to 2000 High Definition x. Ray images a 2nd the radiation dosage is minute and doesnt tommy on him and fishes teams already made 52000 x. Ray film clips they never cease to be thrilled by the outcome. One of my greatest dreams was to examine a slaw and then we had 3 slots and developed a special apparatus to do it that when there the 1st x. Ray film of slots was mindblowing us it was exactly the same with x. Ray films of birds and for me as a dog person the 1st dog films as well unbelievable that you can really see how a dog walks when youre out walking with one every day and then suddenly its now i know what youre doing its a special feeling. If i see its must or must. Pass. Beginners of ologists share their equipment and the results of their basic research with other scientists among them a team of robotics experts who came to see them with a whole list of questions. We always face a particular problem when were designing the walking machines on the Conveyor Belt they performed magnificently but as soon as you put them on to real terrain they start lurching around theyre suddenly in stable. Why arent animals like that why is it that a dog rarely stumbles and never whats actually happening there to find out we devise tests for throwing rats off balance they had to go up a step then down a step and step into a hole they couldnt see. Now when you step into it. You know what happens you go flying but not a rat it recovers in 272nd thats an extremely quick response. Its a reflex even a bit more than reflex. Its a kind of Communication System between the one leg and its opposite. And. Thats how rats from you have helped teach american robots to walk naturally. Some of them at least. Of all the mammal species only one is 2 legged. There are over 6000 species of mammals so it doesnt seem to be the best way to get around. 4 legged robots 6 legged ones they get around extremely well by people robots no matter where their mate always walk around with slightly bent knees. They always look a little bit as if theyve just soiled their diapers. Never seem elegant. Theyll never be fast. At the moment were trying to derive a new concept for by people robots from the 2 legged gate of the birds getting away from the notion that the 2 they get robot should look human vic. Why not a by people robot bird. Birds are the most successful 2 legged creatures. So much for the future but what about the quadrupeds of geese and university veterinarian. Research is illnesses of the spine that are common in dogs candies is a cavalier king charles spaniel. Its a breed that has a tendency to develop a condition called syringa in my ear growths in the spinal canal which can lead to neurological dysfunction and breakdown. Larger dogs on the other hand tend to have problems with card a queen a syndrome thats a slipped disc in the lower back that presses on and. What these 2 vets want to find out is if the manner of the dogs movement influences the emergence of the affliction. Bionics the ties candy cisco and millimeter for millimeter producing a detailed 3 d. Image of her spinal column. For half a minute for a while weve been able to use x. Rays computer tomography and Magnetic Resonance imaging to precisely reproduce what changes have occurred but we do reach our limits when it comes to examining and moving spine in a natural position to addition to one. Time for the team. Martin fishers teams pool their findings. This alliance is the icing on the cake for us because were transitioning from fundamental research to Clinical Research english or fossil. The final preparations for dog and owner. Until they go. You. Cant exist completely healthy ok its very. Thats why her images are now the Reference Material for her breeds Natural Movement profiles. And theyve already examined 60 healthy dogs from a variety of breeds and make discoveries that turn some standard teachings upside down. As a. Fundamental exciting discovery is that theres not Much Movement in the back part of the spine as you would expect from looking forward in earliest study. There were and still are theories that claim altered Movement Patterns damage the spine between the crust joint and the lumber portion of the spine. But that doesnt seem to be the case since theres so Little Movement and openness to fight. So there are suspicions that its primarily a spinal problem to start with and one that possibly leads to altered Movement Patterns later in life that the chicken and the egg a reverse compared to earlier thinking. I. Had. Small steps for candies gigantic strides for research not the only challenge to received wisdom thats being put to rest in your. Previous annoyed we know today that early researchers were right in some respects and we also know that they were wrong in a lot of respects this is that science its our task to give due respect to the achievements of those who push things along way with very limited means and to then use new technological possibilities to break into new areas to open up a path which itself will also be outdated in 1020. 00 or 40 years. Until then we can at least enjoy the wonder and beauty of x. Ray cinema. All that running around can be exhausting humans need several hours of shut eye every day to recharge their batteries our bodies require long periods of sleep to grow muscle repair to shoot and synthesize. But is it the same all over the animal kingdom. This makes me the question comes from many others in colombia. Do all. Animals. It certainly looks as if they do close their eyes hardly move seemed to switch off but there are big differences in how and for how long theyre in species doze lions sleep as long as 20 hours a day. Make do with 2 hours. Migrating birds sleep for just a few minutes at a time they take their brief power naps in midflight keeping one eye open to avoid collisions and spot potential threats. Nails employ a similar strategy theyre never totally asleep instead only one brain hemisphere nods off at a time while the other regulates breathing and swimming activity d. Many other animals dont lie down to sleep elephants do it standing up in. Maine goes on one leg. Bats those upside down. Possumus asleep underwater as do fish with their eyes open but. The sleeping animal is easy prey. Which is why each species has come up with its own solution for sleeping safely because sleeping is as important as eating. Just why animals sleep isnt entirely clear we know that we humans process experiences in our sleep while storing new knowledge and discarding the superfluous the sleeping brain is actually very active. Many animals go through sleep stages similar to humans light sleep. Deep sleep. And even phases of Rapid Eye Movement called rem sleep its thought they could be dreaming especially when their legs make running movements. We havent investigated sleep patterns when every animal species out there. But we dont know of any that get by without its. Scientists suspect that war animals needed just like we do. If outlet is read right out of it but only a few. Do you have a science question that youve always wanted and said were happy to help out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. For more stories from science and to send us your questions check us out online on twitter and on facebook. Says an old energetic among physicists is the most promising Energy Source for the future and will always remain so fusion. For decades now the dream of commercial Nuclear Fusion has seemed to be just around the corner but all attempts so far have failed now that private companies are taking an interest in this promising form of clean Energy Fusion could finally be if that were to become a real option. The world is hungry for energy but the way we still get most of it has a major fault the electricity that powers our homes and Industries Still for too often comes from power plants fired by coal or gas ones that continuously pumps e o 2 into the atmosphere of our planet. Over the energy comes from Nuclear Fission reactors but they produce a product that remains dangerous for thousands of years radioactive. Waste. Weve begun to make the switch to sustainable swith a focus on wind and solar but those 2 technologies also have a drawback they dont deliver a steady supply of power and were struggling to build Wind Turbines and solar arrays fast enough to keep up with ever rising demand. Were moving towards a world where the demand for energy is going to increase very very rapidly as a gap and we need there are there is there is not a green in the rest of Carbon Technology at the minute that can feel like. To me Tomorrows Energy demands we need Carbon Neutral power plants that can reliably churn out enough electricity around the clock to meet minimum levels of demand whats called baseload. What about the power that drives the sun fusion could it fill the role scientists have been trying for decades to tap into it here on earth but its a major challenge the basic science given very high temperatures and enough density and time conditions like those found in the sun Hydrogen Atoms fuse creating helium and releasing a lot of energy. The hydrogen could be extracted from seawater making it a practically unlimited resource. It is basically the opposite of an actual nuclear. Youre splitting a heavy element and it releases energy where you end up with the products afterwards which are required to handle engine is not a Chain Reaction so theres no possibility for a turk to run away which is what causes meltdown. In that sense a fusion power plant would be safer than a conventional Nuclear Plant for the simple reason. With conventional nuclear you have to put an enormous amount of effort for the reaction to not run away we fusion you have to put an enormous amount of effort for the output. Reaction traction continue scientists at a startup called 1st light fusion just outside oxford in england are pursuing one path to that goal the biggest hurdle designers of fusion experiments face is how to get more energy out of the process than you have to put into it to make fusion happen. The team want to do that by firing a projectile so fast it can initiate a fusion reaction interestingly a small marine animal provided some of the inspiration for their experiments is the shrimp is an amazing procession which is an oversized claw and when it clicks that claw it cut it takes the water so it creates a bubble of air and the shockwave it generates actually collapses in fact all of ash and with that it can stand its prey. In the teams approach the hydrogen is inside a tiny bubble and the target q. When the projectile slams into it at around 15 kilometers a 2nd the solid material that makes up the cube acts like a liquid compressing the gas in the bubble to a 1000 times its initial density just a fraction of a 2nd and hopefully causing it to fuse. In a power plant each target will release the same amount of energy as a barrel of oil. Thats how energy dense fission of. So each of these small cubes called targets could potentially release about 6 gigawatts of clean heat when converted to electricity that could run an average refrigerator for over 3 years. The company has moved beyond theory its built a giant machine to accelerate its projectiles and is now optimizing its targets to maximize compression of the bubble making fusion more likely. They arent the only ones chasing the dream in Southern France the International Project eater is building a giant experimental reactor that will seek to use heat rather than compression to cause hydrogen to fuse the reactor design is whats called a talkin not a huge hollow donut filled with super hot Hydrogen Plasma that flows through it like a ring of lightning held in place by powerful magnets. Its a very different approach than the one adopted by 1st light and is proving a major technical challenge leader has already been under construction for around a decade and is slated to go on line but the 1st experiments by the mid 2020 s. Its still hard to predict which approach to bring in Fusion Energy to the power grid will work best most analysts dont believe fusion plants will become a reality for big least 20 years its no easy task to harness the power that drives the sun. Energy is released as heat by Nuclear Fusion. To turn the thermal energy into electricity it 1st has to be used to turn water to steam which drives the turbine. As it revolves in a power plant it generates an electrical current that can be fed into the grid. We asked on social media about your sustainable and future oriented ideas. What Energy Sources with you tap into to satisfy peoples hunger for electricity. Here are a few of your responses. Guess son wrote that in his home they try to use organic waste to produce by ok. Yes. Bill is spending his hopes on deep supercritical geothermal wind title and solar power all literally limitless he says whats missing is large scale grid storage and the will to invest. It what it says that in europe why Wind Turbines are appearing everywhere and that if duncan jose was still alive hed be having a party. And dicker is betting on microbial fuel cells powered by over janick waste including urine. And armando says we need to invest in Geothermal Energy that unfortunately nobody seems to be interested even though its available all over the world thanks for your comments. Whether its the electricity that comes from our power plants. All the rhythms of night and day. For the longer rhythms of the seasons. Everything around us is governed by 4 fundamental natural interactions. Those that cant be broken. It or can they. Its impossible under certain circumstances to break the laws of physics. To understand how the world works at a fundamental level have to study the 4 basic forces of physics. We experience their effect everywhere. On earth gravity is the fundamental interaction thats most clearly apparent its what holds celestial objects like planets and now. And effects everything that has mass its influence shrinks with distance but at least within our galaxy never disappears completely honest 2nd force electromagnetism is what makes electricity flows and causes magnets to either attract or repel each other. The last 2 forces have less visible effects because they influence events at the atomic scale the Strong Nuclear force is what binds the particles and then atoms nucleus together. The weak mutely of force comes into play when atoms decay combine with others. These 4 fundamental interactions dont just apply on earth physicists believe theyve influenced the development of the universe. When it was born out of the big bang around 13800000000 years ago. They think that a tiny fraction of a 2nd after the big bang occurred gravity was born. That would make it the oldest of the 4 basic interactions that give the order instruction to our world if the properties of just one of the forces change even a little bit it would have consequences throughout the entire universe. Some phenomena reveal what affects the forces can have at their extremes. That black hole is born when matter grows so compact that gravity becomes the overwhelmingly dominant physical force essentially ripping a hole in the fabric of space time. We cant change the 4 basic forces in physics but we can harness them for example we can split atoms to create nuclear energy. Space travel opens doors to other possibilities the International Space station orbits the earth so fast that centrifugal force effectively cancels out the earths gravitational effects and in the weightless environment that produces water and other types of matter behave very differently than they do here on the surface of our planet another visible effect is with fire. On earth a candle flickers because the air around it rises as it heats up pulling the flame upwards as it descends on the i. F. s though the flames take on a round spherical shape they dont flicker because hot air doesnt rise there on earth warmer layers also rise to the surface in a liquid medium in what researches call convection. That effect for example prevents protein crystals in the medium from growing uniformly underweight close conditions the molecules are able to move more freely so they can form crystals that are larger and more perfectly shaped. By increasing our understanding of how proteins work these crystals have helped. The development of tailor made drugs is just one area of research when minimizing the effects of gravity has provided completely new insight into the fundamental essence of the universe around us. The be. That said for now next week well be looking at eco friendly plastic made from c o 2 researchers are exploring it as a roar feedstock material that and more next time on tomorrow today see that. Piece for me. Is for. Me to. Be a. Great tool for. Is for the. Beethoven as far as plato from his former employer played beethoven 202250th anniversary here on. Theyre on a mission. To save the world. All of the comics started in 1939 and since then theyve created a vast empire of superheroes who also have human weaknesses. Their creators have had their share of clashes the moving story of a comic giant marvel starts march 10th. This as a 15 year old girl. Being gang raped. His teacher is beating a boy for talking back and class. For the rest of the class once as. Im sure is called 1st being killed by his mother. Breaking up last. His child sleeps in the streets because her family through her. From fear. Online bullying. Pushes a teenager over the edge. Just because you can see violence against children doesnt mean others and there are make them visible visible of us might violence against children disappear. This is did it really was why from berlin border crisis thousands of migrants make their way to europe after turkey opens its borders but many of them are met with tear gas from greek Police European leaders say the continents borders will remain closed as the grease for a new wave or refugees from war torn syria and beyond