German russian x. Ray telescope took off from by canoe or in the summer of 2019 for many scientists the launch was the fulfillment of a dream. Now comes the next successful step even as he turns on track and training its 7 cameras on the cosmos. Over the next 4 years the telescope is to create a map of all the known galaxies researchers hope to find clues as to why our universe continues to expand. You. This is the world as we know us but as we zoom as our earth looks a lot smaller. Its just one of many planets that orbit the star at the center of our solar system the sun. And its just. One of the 300000000000 stars that make up our galaxy the milky way. Imagine taking a galaxy the size of ours and shrinking it to the size of our brain something cosmologist invalid dreams about. The distances are unimaginable despite that we can look out so far with our telescopes that we are able to get a good idea of how the universe as a whole behaves and thats fascinating. In some ways the universe can be compared to a loaf of raisin bread. The raisins it contains are the galaxies. When you bake the dough on for the race and start off close to each other. Then when the bread begins to rise in the oven the raisins start to drift apart the distance between them gets bigger. Its a similar story with our universe its expanding and at an ever increasing speed in the process hundreds of billions of galaxies are moving away from each other. And that poses an enigma what force is driving this expansion physicists call it dark energy it can be compared to the rising agent in our love of the universe and age and it seems to be growing stronger. To shed light on the mass or cosmologists measure x. Ray radiation from distant galaxies but as even the glow of an entire galaxy can be too weak to detect they look at clusters. Lets think about this raisin as a galaxy again for us galaxies are like light. We can observe them from incredible. Vic and with the help of galaxies we can to some degree measure the extent of the universe. A new instrument for detecting the light those galaxies. If the evo the right telescope shown here shortly before it was launched. Instead of using lenses evos he said collect light find a gold plated tubular mirrors. X. Rays coming from the side of the tube and they bounce about of this tube and so in this way they can be seen one point like a telescope through and so we build many many of these. We combine them together and this is our telescope that can see the distant universe and the distant 3 since. The challenge for its designers was to build an instrument thats tough enough to withstand the unshielded impact of cosmic rays yet still be incredibly precise and dependable. Is both act now one and a half 1000000 kilometers away from earth its become the task of mapping because math in unprecedented detail. Even azita is part of the largest joint german russian scientific project to date pay to play deal is the mission scientific director we caught up with him via skype at his office in munich to ask him what have you learned from the 1st images sent back by e. Receipt or. What weve learned is that the rosita is a lot better than anything previously available. I just have to post a bit. d why do you want to scan the entire sky. Just like we want to understand how nature works here on earth astrophysicists want to understand how the universe works. We dont know everything yet there are various methods that you can use to learn more and one is using an x. Ray telescope to look at the entire skies. Are you sleeping better now that even is it a has been successfully deployed ready. Well obviously i hope that those sleepless nights are now over and we can relax. But even once the telescope was in outer space you can still have things go wrong. Cosmic radiation can cause malfunctions you could even have a micrometeorite collide with a telescope and cause damage. You just never know. But i would assume that we have now overcome the biggest hurdles. Pay to pay dear thanks for talking to us. In the coming years even as these he may reveal some of the deepest secrets of the cosmos we can hardly wait. Nicholas casey when youre a viewer in zambia was wondering about another space secret and sent in this question. To aliens exist. The night skies led the ancient greeks to philosophize about the existence of life elsewhere in the cosmos. The 16th century italian thinker Giordano Bruno postulated that the universe was infinite and full of life his many an orthodox views made him suspect and he was burned at the stake for heresy. Advances in science produce new theories about alien life forms perhaps they were intelligent civilizations with highly developed technology able to settle throughout her alex. But if thats the case then where are they all that was the question posed by physicists enrico fermi in 1950 known as the family paradox that prompted a new push to clarify once and for all whether aliens exist 10 years later the search for extraterrestrial intelligence or seti got underway its search for radio transmissions from space efforts are continuing but so far without success. Some warn against seeking to make contact with alien life forms saying they might want to plunder earths Raw Materials in view of what we know so far thats unlikely. Highly sensitive telescopes have at best discovered only the Building Blocks of life in space. In the vicinity of young stars organic compounds have been found such as methanol and simple sugars along with mork. Plex molecules that are important for the formation of proteins. Our galaxy alone is home to up to 300000000000 stars many are similar to our sun and our orbited by planets. Among them scientists have even identify the earth like planets that could be habitable. In our solar system to there are places that could sustain life like on enceladus one of saturns moons its icy surface conceals an ocean that regularly shoots out plumes of water and space. There reminiscent of the hot springs in our oceans that maybe the sites where microscopic life originated and microbes are likely to be the 1st form of extraterrestrial life that we track down in space though it may take us a few more decades yet. Developed what is read why are. You made. Do you have a science question that youve always wanted ellen said were happy to help out send it to us as a video text over smell if we answer it on the show will send you a little surprise as a thank you can all just ask. Youll find us online at d. F. W. Dot com slash science or get in touch on twitter or facebook. This is not a hike in the mountains its the funeral of a glacier and ice and the old clay shale was once a thick dome of ice now its almost all gone glaciers are melting all over the world theres been drastic lacelle retreat in the arctic the southern and eastern and alaska over a period of 55 years the world lost over 9000000000000 tons of glacier ice and the melting. His accent racing in many places including the elms. The glaciers are an important source of water especially in long dry summers many rivers receive huge amounts of water from areas covered by clay shares. Water that allows river life to continue to flourish. And farmers to keep their crops irrigated. But the glaciers are steadily shrinking studies suggest that by the end of the century only a few could remain rivers would no longer benefit from their melt water in summer. An alarming prospect that prompted swiss glaciologists daniel funny not to to undertake a study thats got a lot of people talking. To the fish in the future the glaciers wont be where they are now because theyre receding so in our study we place the virtual dam at the point where the glacier currently ends its controversial and were not saying its necessarily a good idea we just wanted to find out whether this is an option that warrants further study. The dam reservoirs would basically mimic the glaciers. They would store up water in winter and spring and release it in summer when its needed. This is what the flow of water from glaciers in the alps looks like today. The amount of melt water reaches its peak in august. And this is how it would look by the end of the century if the glaciers are gone with more water than before in spring and less in summer. By dam could hold back the water earlier in the year and release it in the dryer months it could certainly benefit many. Years in firstly we humans would benefit the various economic entities that depend on water. Hydroelectric power farming accent or a. But the big beneficiary that we were thinking of is the ecology of plants and animals. Plants a. Dam walls in the alps could mean a 1000000000 cubic metres of water from melting snow being held back and then released in summer. The scientists calculated that a dozen such reservoirs would be needed in the european alps all the water from areas currently covered by glaciers could then be pumped to these areas it would change the landscape which the scientists agree is problematic and what of the ecological risks. Were talking about areas that are currently covered by glaciers. Once the glaciers are gone. There wont be that much biodiversity in these areas. So basically theyll just be rock lived. Or and so our line of argumentation was that you would probably do less damage by flooding news areas than if you place the forest or some other area under water. Building reservoirs in europes alps a controversial thought experiment on how to prevent summer droughts if the glaciers disappear. Were all likely to feel the effects of Climate Change no matter where we live. We asked you on facebook is Climate Change already apparent where you live and if so how. Somare from indonesia writes that the dry season seems much longer. Its already over and it still hasnt rained. In the right. Records that farmers in mexico are seeing far fewer insects and that its more difficult to predict the start and end of the rainy season. Henry a farmer in cameron says people dont know when to plant their crops anymore he is 40 years old and thinking of going back to university for environmental studies good luck if you do so and thanks for writing. Help to slow down Climate Change after all take up c o 2 from the air. But even if we plant trees now it will still take decades to remove significant amounts of c o 2 from the atmosphere. So the effects on the climate wont be felt directly but leaving plants can be beneficial in other ways especially in big cities. Greenery makes fiftys more appealing but it also serves a practical purpose. Meteorologist and geographer you are filed man is an expert on urban climates and air quality. Oil misinterpreted trees clearly play an Important Role in cities on the one hand they have a cooling effect its generally warmer in cities because there are more Paper Services and less of operation on trees have a cooling effect on their immediate surroundings because of the water that reparations from them. And they also have a filtering effect due to particles collecting on their leaves. Trees turning c o 2 into oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. So trees can greatly benefit the urban climate thanks both to their cooling effect or thermal effect and the cause they improve quality of 23rd suspect. You are clean fallen man and his colleagues that mines university have been examining the effect of trees on air quality in cities. Their computer simulations show that the impact is not always positive. In terms of air quality and its important to think carefully about which trees need to be planted where for example a sycamore isnt suited to business traits because of the launch and oxide produced by traffic which the tree interacts with to produce ozone. But sycamores are common in german cities they cope well with dry weather in the summer and are low maintenance. So what other trees are beneficial to the local climate. That is what scientists at the university of applied sciences in being are trying to find out in the institutes rooftop garden. Theyre using a special gas measurement device to gauge how different plants alter air quality. Once the bell jar closes over the poppy plant the researchers can evaluate its potential. And here is what they discovered. The c. B. D. So cycles i can see there is a reduction in Carbon Dioxide concentration so underneath the glass dome the plant starts to photosynthesize very actively and c o 2 absorption is much higher than c o 2 emissions from the ground so in other words the party is compensating for emissions from the ground that means that the complex plant and substrate is protective rather than harmful to the environment. Poppies would seem to be a promising option. The scientists and begin are also investigating efficient Irrigation Systems even abundant greenery will die if it doesnt get enough water. Out here for our projects are designed to show how little effort is required to ensure that a roof garden flourishes in the long term but the idea is for the plants to be environmentally beneficial to low maintenance while also taking up a minimum of space. Constantino whom our work for the Bavarian Center for applied Energy Research inverts book which is developing new ideas about green 1st starts. Keeping the facades irrigated is a lot more complicated than watering balcony plants installing as in the 1st place is also hard. But they do have a range of benefits. And we can completely cover for sand with greenery even on Tall Buildings we can create a fully green surface on a tower block thats over 20 meters tall. Which is of us on the clinical stop and thats without taking up extra space in a dense urban environment just put in theres a lot of potential in germany. We have millions of square metres of building facades that could be grained from the conditions for vertical greening are in place. But the costs involved pose something of an obstacle. To make sure its worth the investment the scientists are documenting the potential benefits of green 1st starts for buildings. Using a purpose built chamber they measure the relative advantages of the process for example could it which is heating costs i know so its hard to speak with him. The greening system in itself has an insulating effect a combined effect of technology and substrates inside. Because the plants grow outwards they keep the wind off the building and that means theres an additional insulating effect and it was attributed to him go. So getting more green into our asphalt jungles is an investment in the future. The writing left behind by the ancient egyptians is still valuable today and readable written in stone then has lasted through the millennia. Libraries also store ideas for the ages in the form of thugs knowledge is available to future generations. But what about digital data storage media they can store more information than ever before but theyre comparatively short lifespan is a problem. When you can no longer access important data its time to call the salvage experts today great old bush is working on an old data cartridge sent in by the Swiss Post Office its thought to contain the specs from a special edition stamp issued in 1996 they all say these models firehose the drive still works but i cant say yet whether it will get any if they dont im pretty optimistic though the thing to recover the data bush uses devices that belong to the collection of the enter Computer Museum in switzerland. It is who can accelerate that somehow if it doesnt work i have to reboot. Now i should be able to object to. The computer expert began rescuing data from all. Systems 8 years ago he knows more about discontinued systems than pretty much anyone else out there and i think whats on hold on it is working. On a log is really the best thought in all of the film always still have a film on them if theyve been stored properly. But it really or you know is magnetic not gets lost over time. And it trying to get data storage devices today are made to save things for the next 50 years so its part of. The evolution of Data Storage Technology has been accompanied by 2 opposing tendencies the older the data carrier the longer it will in general work but Storage Capacity in those devices is always relatively low. By contrast modern storage formats can pack a huge amount of data into a fraction of the space that data stored long term on flash drives or s. D. Cards generally corrupt within just a few years. The one thing you can count on in the computer industry is that yesterdays cutting edge product will tomorrow look like it came from the digital stone age. Were it not for dedicated collectors like felix couldnt old hardware like this would disappear pretty swiftly with disastrous consequences. Valuable data is irretrievable without the right systems. And usually the power of the data storage medium itself of course has to be intact. Then you need a device thats able to read that media. Push you need an operating system that works with that device. Despite all these difficulties the team at the Computer Museum and generally able to reconstruct data believed to have been lost forever. Im placing the punched tape in the device every line is one byte on the one hand its printed out here on the other its being transferred onto a modern computer so that we can save it onto a u. S. B. Stick all use of it and still be useless the more. The advantage is that the punched tape doesnt tear and the data will survive for hundreds of years and wont be automatically deleted. But if we wanted to save this entire memory stick on tape like this youd need approximately 320000. 00 rolls that would add up to 10 tons of paper and enormous amount. Of. Data salvage experts agree to a bush has now cracked his problem hes managed to reconstruct the historically valuable data about the swiss stamp and saved it on a modern computer much to the relief and satisfaction of his client is just whats on offer and. How long will it be before the meat we eat is grown in the lab. Next time well be looking at culture. Join us for that one tomorrow today tell them. His legacy the establishment of one of the most brutal dictatorships was. Robert mugabe dictator of zimbabwe. Couldve gone down in history as a freedom fighter. Instead of his great for power and increasing paranoia created famine and corruption terror. In 75 minutes on d w. In good shape. Its a delicate subject that makes some people uncomfortable. Have you bald. And. Embarrassed about its. Newest diagnoses entrained. The program dedicated to the topic of menstruation. Good shit. 30 minutes on d w. Ringback how to. Discover your concept discover it with. School. After 100 lives the ideals of the palm house a more relevant today than they were a 100 years ago visionaries reshapes things to come obamas people understood the sign is a way of shaping society. Our future. How small the 3 part documentary starts made on t w. Place. Blame. This is the w. s live from Berlin Germany begins to eat. But the government says the situation remains fragile and the many restrictions. Also begins easing some of the restrictions on its 1300000000 people watched. And bigotry