Gentle giants some of the last of that kind elephants with tusks this lauch have become rare only a handful remain in all of africa theyre protected but theyre not cited from coaches to feed an insatiable demand for i prayed. The shot decline in africas elephant populations is being compounded by human encroachments on their habitat projections say for been people in south of the sahara by centuries and. Move. This report traces the significance of ivory from prehistoric times to the present from the stone age can see germany to the savannahs of africa to china and to russia where the siberian permafrost contains tusks from an extinct species that could help south africa. Sullivan says. The earliest known artifacts made from billy mammoth ivory run earth in the mountains of southwest in germany in 2017 the site of their excavation was added to the list of unesco World Heritage sites under the designation caves an ice age out in the swabian euro. The perforated rock formed during the lives middle life iraq is a brittle with extensive carried out the only ancestors to come residency at the beginning of the paleolithic age some 40000 years ago the limestone caves of the whole of els hardly unique archaeological treasures they date back to the time when homosapien set out to kake europe. Nicholas conrad has been conducting research here for decades he heads the department of elie prehistory and quaternary ecology at the university of tubing in. All of els and other excavation site in our region have been incredibly well preserved often we found bones in ivory antlers and bone 2 wars there 40000 years old but look almost as if they were carved yesterday. Apart from artifacts Musical Instruments and jewelry almost 80000 stone tools have been found here. This is a nice sort of sign from bicyclists its not like an ivory carver it can be done quickly on the contrary it takes many hours life shifts its different to a pencil drawing where theres room for error. Here every line you see was deliberately car and if theres a naval triangle the delicate fingers its all are intentional and by no means coincidental says absolutely this is off kind of out so far. To go to question it is symbols were widespread in europe around 30000 years ago but the one of those famous is much older dated back to more than 40000 years ago. This isnt evidence the mammoths were hunted instead its played out early ancestors harvested ivory from already dead animals. Things havent changed all too much today. Sergei go around like this from russia hes the biggest importer of mammoth ivory in europe making him a modern day entrepreneur who source of income stems from primordial times unlike african ivory the sale of mammoth to is totally legal. Theres another new customs regulation thats just incredible. Now the form also asks you to confirm the mammoth ivory is not cat fur or cat hair cuts the heart of. It takes time to cut through all the red tape. Yet if. Its late in the evening now and we are finally picking up a mammoth task here at the Frankfurt Airport cargo terminal. Cargo which i may know for a few crafts will come in which of every night i have to open the crates here. 17 prehistoric tasks prepared to say our bodies russian friend nikolai. A made a ban on commercial trade in African Elephant ivory to business with this ice age substitute is booming. And doesnt just start the other stores tasks in the back have all been completely restored stabilized under vacuum and then stabilized again in the pressure chamber. And then polished by hand fake to perfection put me at. The International Trade in ivory was banned in 1909 since then its illegal to sell for 3000 i 3 across National Borders but little has changed every year around 30000 elephants are killed for ivory in africa poaching is a profitable business. On the black market i keel i fetches up to 500. 00. Daniel stars is an american conservationist based in kenya he spent years researching the transfers science and smuggling routes for illegal ivory 80 percent of all goods in africa i transported over land. The controls apache corruption is commonplace between 2007 and last year 28 teams. It looks like there has been Something Like. 5000. 131778 kilograms of ivory going out of africa at 200. 00 a kilo thats over a 1000000000. 00. Star says the assumption that banning ifas sales will stop punching is based on until his simplistic western view point reaches an Animal Rights ideology he calls it unfair to an approach that threatens elephants more than a legal trade would. Which is generally a western paradigm you might call it is that elephants have Intrinsic Value and because of that that they should not be used commercially the policies that emanate from that actually look very much like neo colonial policies its outsiders dictating to african africans how theyre supposed to manage their elephants and other wildlife. In april 26th in kenya burned 106 tons of confiscated Elephant Tusks and my last response following a Campaign Funded by International Donations it was the biggest ever stockpile of ivory critics say the campaign lined the pockets of the ruling allays and that destroying large quantities of such a rare commodity boosts its value encouraging more punching i call it a waste of precious resources you could use in a legal ivory tree that would take pressure off of elephants having to provide illegal ivory. Sustainable solutions are needed to protect elephants in the wilderness diluting the on. German businessman wilfred past has a reputation for getting things done hes a passionate conservationist but the approach he advocates is controversial but eastern cape town he feels a strong connection decent doctored homeland africa minor past your my passion for the african wilderness dates back to 1965 and my 1st photographic safari with some light hunting in the okavango delta. Thats when it all started doctors here in the early 1990 s. He stumbled on a tract of land in the sun valley valley in southern symbolically. Could be a study in failing an associate had recommended it to me he said you have always dreamt of building a big animal reserve someday with music before you. So weve polluted zimbabwe one morning and had a look and it was love at 1st sight like sango is the largest private reserve in symbolically its partly funded from trophy hunting a controversial practice that he insists prevents poaching. As its an income when we europeans sit in our Conference Rooms or in front of the t. V. Sets and make ourselves out to be the great protectors rhino its a Nature Conservation in africa but its the same time for bit people down here to earn the money they offered us to pursue those goals in their own way. It smacks of neocolonialism. And its arrogant to those at the top think they can dictate whats good for Nature Conservation to those on the ground right invested in nashua. In a sense it is also in Nature Conservationist because it mammoth audreys used instead of elephant i free then a few elephants have to die in africa. But i have the documents that show the mammoth ivory was an order to enter germany and i am afraid to transport it within the European Union eurovision me on just by being today were heading to paris to a gallery slash interior design shop and if. The shock in the city center boasts an eclectic collection of expensive decorative objects the pristinely restored tusks of a woolly mammoth fit right in. The fall of the moment but the real profits from the trade in mammoth tasks dont come from luxury stalls. Like that. Even an outdoor classic trade fair in europe begs centers around hunting shooting sports and security its here that surrogate meets his key customers nice make is i do. Drivers who work with fossil ivory. I love working with artists and its im fascinated by what they do with mammoth ivory and the ways they use it or i also find it fascinating that this material still exists on earth today and that it is so old so i really value that the nation that they have their shirts. Every piece of burma 53. 00 is unique its crafted into handles the hand food knives made of damascus steel. Most of the worlds mammoth ivory comes from russia. Moscow is the center of the International Trade. So greg around the needs to refresh supplies if on god were on our way to see pavel boyko hes one of the biggest mammoth ivory traitors in russia if not the world and that it. This store leads to his collection of crystal wright treasures to mammoth skeletons both complete and restored to perfection. Hundreds of tusks a polyp on the floor and on the shelves. Their market value is determined by the intactness their length and diameter and the state of the material so whether its cracked and wet or dry the color of the bark is also important that this is influenced by minerals such as blue iron or dissolved in the permafrost soil and deposited over the course of thousands of years in the animal. Then this is the if you really mean to me it takes a combination of a whole lot of factors to achieve this blue color which is why blue mammoth bark is the most valuable on the market marked. The tusks are harvested from the plans. Passed in the most remote parts of siberia north of the Arctic Circle where Climate Change is playing out in dramatic ways temperatures have been rising fields causing the ice to thaw this reveals the remains of woolly mammoths and releases their tusks post of which i found around river banks. Due to family and fish amid the Constant Movement of the permafrost as it expands and contracts with fluctuating temperatures the buried mammoth pieces and tasks are pushed along a path of least resistance and the path of least resistance is a river which is why you find so many mammoth parts at the river. And flows but that doesnt mean all the mammoths died there was off the show i mean that. When it comes to salvaging the treasures preserved in the tundra time is of the essence once the ice flows in the primeval tusks are exposed to air they quickly disintegrate into worthless fragments experts believe more than 100000000 mammoths could be still hidden in the permafrost if only a fraction of the tasks is preserved it could satisfy demand for ivory from china the worlds biggest ivory consumer for years to come. Will mean. A 2nd ivory warehouse is located some 40 kilometers outside moscow. Along. With fragments of all shapes and sizes the stores here they might look worthless but they can be crafted into a precious commodity it takes an expert i to tell which pieces have potential nicholai one of russias best ivory engraves helps select the viable fragments. Of. The pieces assaulted by whites. The Purchase Price is around 300. 00 per kilo. More. The tasks true glory is still concealed beneath the 200. 00. But it only takes a few minutes work with an angle grinder and buff wheel to lay their potential bear the volume of the mammoth ivory market is hard to estimate it could be as much as 80 tons per he world wide each of surrogate the rounds ivory places is clearly identified by photographs catalogue numbers and corresponding certificates while imports into the European Union are documented its unclear how much mammoth ivory is secretly shipped into china from russia. Frankfurt is the 1st airport in europe to employ sniffer dogs for the detection of illegal ivory. Cost of dogs trying to d. J. Keller has been trying to Police Animals for more than 20 years. But their board doesnt this dog is trained to sniff out your technique. If he doesnt find anything on the market we always let him find a suitcase thats been planted with material so he feels hes done a good job. Public relations director christina truss is often shocked by what passengers bring back from their travels. This is where we keep confiscated evidence snake wine is a typical souvenir or chameleon wine. This was an empty and hairy armadillo thanks to. The exhibits in this chamber of horrors a just the tip of a huge iceberg. Here my job has come its hard to believe but this is an era of an African Elephant. This tusk of a smaller specimen i was kind of watching and a femur of an African Elephant. In 2017 nearly 13 and a half 1000 violations of the endangered species act were registered in frankfurt on mine. Ivory objects frequently pass undetected through luck each screening in daily x. Ray machines a no match for a German Shepherd neal is now as. There are no smuggled goods in this sort of luggage but she makes a b. Line for a plant suitcase. Why do you use of dogs trying to detect endangered species it International Airports and seaports would help curb the illegal ivory trade significantly. Segue around it has no problem getting through customs his documents are all in order. And im ok. Again i dont get that one. Up portion of his shipment was destined for a card my our alias richie. Richie only works with the finest material. He is a master of scrimshaw and ancient technique of working with ivory. Innuit an 18th century while as with the 1st to decorate bones and wild teeth with this method which in my is credited with reviving scrimshaw was popularity in europe just wasnt here to folks in me what im doing here is one of the oldest lines of work in the world if people believe me or when im working with this material i feel a magical connection to the mammoth that lives of tens of thousands of years ago thinking us all in if he says for surely 50 and i think thats not so on like how the hunters and sharman spelt back when they were engraving and carving pieces for their rituals yet when cheats 1000 becomes tub lows of mammoth ivory using the finest of needles and pricks similar to a tattoo its worked it requires patience devotion and perseverance up to 7. 100 dots surprised inside one square millimeter finally the engraving is tied with ink c. T. R. Off i often sit here at the microscope for 10 hours or longer staring out an enlargement of a couple of square centimeters i really become one with this ascii my mind kind of melts into the whole structure of its for its glance its all in Something Like in the save. The endangered species act bans any use of african ivory mammoth ivory is the perfect substitute even in great it can be easily distinguished from african ivory through its characteristic passion of course reda lines. To do it it must see it here that you see these crosshatching you only get those in fossilized mammoth material what. That means it cant be mistaken for elephant ivory 40000 years lie between Ritchie Myers work and stone age ivory figurines but the material used for both has maintained its appeal. To greed for ivory has driven africas elephants into retreat. Even the son of a valley in southern sebastiani is void of elephants they have been forced to make by for a giant cattle farm. Its here on 600 square kilometers of land that really parts lives his wildlife trains i mean over to the west from the hell were standing on for the land runs about another 4 or 5 kilometers upstream. And over to the east it continues on for 27 kilometers all the way over to the saab a river but some sandwiches also still on the property and as i did. From the moment he sort of fully parts could sense this tremendous potential he was eager to return it to its natural state he rolled up his sleeve. Found International Investors and spent a significant amount of his own fortune on the project. Wild animals it all with disappeared from the terrain when village pups took it over he consulted biologists hired david goosen an experienced park ranger and relocated a variety of animals from neighboring mozambique to his reserve he says his is a sustainable operation because it benefits local communities revenues from eco tourism and hunting finance as parts named his cave reserve. He would also like to sell his stockpile of ivory harvested from elephants that died of Natural Causes and beliefs he should be allowed to sell it. Became a fact with about 400000. 00 animals elephants are not really an endangered species although i to find the population decline from a 1000000. 00 2400000 dollars and hard to bear. But you have to differentiate where it happened and why it happened it doesnt go home for example sustainable use in 1977 when it had over 160000 elephants it was 12 years later only 17000. 00 were left in the senate means 90 percent were wiped out in 12 years because the animals had not only lost their value to the local population but were also threatening their meager agricultural yields thats wrong and completely different to our situation. Within the space of 20 years until it pops to achieve something few before he managed a revival of the wilderness sancho today is home to numerous packs of extremely rare african wild dogs thousands of antelopes. Nearly 100 lions. And about 900. 00 elephants. The success is impressive but it is both a blessing and a curse and the Animal Problem we face in the world this human induced because were trying to put animals into certain areas animals know when theyre all impacting on the environment and thats a natural instinct. But now theres no way to move because all these big world in a serious are surrounded by people and the animals if they moves they get killed and if they stay late too much and continue to warn us and so its a vicious circle that weve got to try and manage. Inside fenced areas Wildlife Management is essential this is true of all nature reserves elephants are the crowning glory of this wilderness theyre wonderful unless you have too many of them. This vast area has enough space for 200 maybe 300 elephants drown out if i have 600 to 900 at any given time and the. 3 to 600 too many to feel and they wreak incredible damage you shouldnt. Tomo upon the trees have been snapped like matchsticks the ground become so rodent hardened that nothing grows on it and whole swathes of land resemble a lunar landscape. 90 percent of the poem about trees some of which i was 1000 years old have suffered massive damage to preserve the ecosystem parts says the number of elephants needs to be regulated. We were granted permission to cull these elephants and next not as trophies ansari house so i could just call them. Thats something i really dont want to do. Were negotiating to relocate 400 elephants to 2 other parks in zimbabwe. And i hope we can reduce numbers that way up in the current. Part already relocated 100. 00 elephants to neighboring National Parks and 26. 00 jane. Sango success in reviving animal populations is based on a concept that shunned by most Animal Welfare organizations it combines Wildlife Management with Sustainable Tourism and hunting. That local communities have embraced the approach which is hardly surprising given that song go directly or indirectly feed some fish a 100 feet from his surrounding villages. Elephants once roamed much of the planet but over the last 2 centuries african savanna elephants have been decimated by the destruction of their habitat for farmland and the greed for ivory in Europe America and asia. Their numbers have declined from an estimated 20000000 to around 350000 elephants today. The result of a trend that has continued since europes colonial exploitation of africa. Today the remnants of the once mighty herd survive only an isolated population south of the sahara. There is probably more ivory and art collections in asia and europe than there is an elephant still alive in the wild. Theyre back aslam the old walk forest is home to the German Ivory Museum and the late 19th century more than 800. 00 tons of african ivory were shipped to europe every year. At a behringer is the scientific director of the museum where prize exhibits date back to the ivory boom of the 19th century. The sloppy act this object is very special for 2 reasons i might suggest its a fine depiction of a key motive to add back in the oed and about like naming a hunting scene in a jack in 2nd and you can clearly recognize the structure of the Elephant Tusk elephant store signs. By the 19th century machines could produce even very intricate objects a museum an air power house as one of the worlds oldest functioning lights this was used to suny produce ivory pieces through the Industrial Revolution ivory objects became mass produced but not all the museums exhibits come from europe. Happen here and this is a ball that contains 23 more balls inside i mean how bite it went these were called chinese swears and were made in china from the middle of the 18th century for export to your us part now and a fair to. One city in particular is famous for these ivory smears. One show. 2 with 12000000 inhabitants this metropolis in Southern China is one of the peoples republic smegma cities. The chinese call the region the factory of the world. Ivory carving has a long tradition here its roots go back 2000 years. Is world famous for its delicate serious which it turned in car from sagar frame up to 45 find it chiseled wafer thin layers rotate freely around each other artisans who specialize in the labyrinth carvings figurative militias and scenes depicting rural life. True masterpieces of far eastern craftsmanship. The world was born in one show she has been keeping tabs on the citys illegal triton wild animal products for over 5 years. The last 5 come here maybe last years there is a lot of my most ivory here in this market like the whole forest member i will leave here but like one years leave her now and then theyre gone just like one or 2 live here also it looks at 1st glance but in the winding alleys of the old town more shops sell ivory on closer inspection thoughts arise as to whether this is legal mammoth ivory. Some of the tasks are to watch and smooth and the trend is a conspicuously cautious filming is not welcome here using a hidden camera women. To shoot High Resolution video of the Cross Section of the tomsk that has just been on packed a lighter Analysis Shows it is african ivory. Demand remain strong despite the trade ban chinas burgeoning middle class can afford status symbols once reserved for the elite including ivory. But many consumers dont know that elephants are killed for their tusks. Symbiote was capital harare is one of the main hubs of the ivory business in africa. Daniel styles has carried out Extensive Research on its International Trade. He believes the assumption that International Trade balance poaching is a widespread misconception and one that Animal Welfare organizations use to their advantage. They take donations from the public through very emotive. Public relations type campaigning but some claim that the old theory or motive is that they want money and they create a crisis to get it i think its something to look into because its been going on for 40 years now and yet we have 40 years of failure. We have 40 years of losing habitat 40 years of losing numbers of wildlife except in Southern Africa where they have consumptive use why are all these n. G. O. S campaigning for a model that failed. By an ivory inside african countries like here in zimbabwe it is still they go it only becomes illegal when ivory is solved across borders. To anyone the difficulty is the easy by an exporter of oil from zimbabwe so you find we. Still have cover for us all last year but now for them to get it because he needs that to hold out for the sest in their livelihood is becoming a challenge. They are doing. For the dogs way off exporting ivory. Horowitz home to some 10000. 00 chinese citizens on free carvings frequently least in part we in the uk each have chinese to respond workers smuggling is the common way to get ivory out of the country. To main places that but by far the most raw ivory out of africa was hong kong in japan. In the 1980 s. They knew this ban was coming because it was all the ngos were up in arms about it so they started stockpiling that cause massive poaching what n. G. O. S logged. One thing fed the other the approaching band led to more poaching which led to more pressure from Animal Rights groups and in 1909 International Governments signed up to a trade ban on ivory after that hong kong and japan flooded the market with stop out artery all of the antitrade people say look what happens when you have a ban this wonderful prices drop poaching drought thats why we want our band. But i very reserves in asia have synced when dont and poaching is on the rise again in theory tried in ivory is currently not possible but there appears to be little concern about bans the profits attune tossing. More than one viewing people are busy a huge market day for ivory. Hong kong is the heart for illegal ivory trade in asia karl and dawson is british and is looted for 35 years hes the founder of the local organization Elephant Foundation and stripy opposes all my free trading 9 states a guy when the site is for the expanse of. The rate of consumption of ivory at that time it was estimated that the ivory stock should run out in hong kong in 2004 yet we find in 2019. Nearly as bad chivery still threads stocks are illegally replenished with goods shipped into hong kongs port this is the territories Container Terminal a gateway for all kinds of goods including smuggled ivory it has the capacity to handle 80000000 containers per year a volume of goods thats impossible to monitor trade in ivory was banned within chinas National Borders in 2018 but in hong kong an autonomous special Administrative Region the regulation doesnt take effect until 2021 every shop sells i really is meant to display a problem and its licensed so i agree. I cant see a license in the window here says it its all over its just over the way here. Hold together much larger shop the shops are full of ivory. Allows there are no media well 2 of these. Days. The government licenses little been issued to try it is since the 1989 bank allows them to sell an elephant ivory they have acquired before that date but only with in hong kong some shop owners only have stocks of mammoth ivory at least as. I have mostly now on the mantle of the class you used a lot of ivory because its so people need to leave my father alone i love to come out so thats how we are. We are poor here so. Most as still selling african ivory. In the window well how much is that 120000. 00 with which nationality is buying or ivory. Or do i live overseas now and. Its simply not true that elephant ivory is song only to residents of hong kong traders pretend to be complying with the laws but secretly continue peddling elephant ivory is the success that ensures town really just a sham. Of the very much of the belief that the killing will only stop when the buying does so the demand has got to disappear. With. The 70 percent of people we speak with dont know an elephant dies to get its ivory and the minute they fully understand that they want nothing to do with the ivory trade or so. Spreading awareness is key to fighting the ivory trade colony thorsten hopes educating children can help. We go to schools in hong kong because were very aware that children get very excited about this we also feel that many children dont have a preconceived idea of what theyre thinking so they come in with an open mind open mind for discussion and we know they go home and talk to their parents about theirs and we know this has an effect on the way parents think. Mammoth ivory is a substitute for which no living animal has. To die could a regulated trade uncertified ivory reduce the poaching pressure on africas elephants. Critics of the ivory trade ban say a western style approach to conservation has harmed wildlife in africa ignoring traditional practices for animal management the appropriate to the values of local cultures and imposing draconian punishments for punching that to date have yielded little to no success. There are many n. G. O. S out there who are really really good and they work with us whether thats save the rhinos in australia its fair in kenya its our you see and in kenya its World Wildlife fund there are lots of good guys but you know there are also enough bad guys and the bad guys to me to find a service who are against sustainable use which is the funding model for 75 percent of all areas in Southern Africa south africa Southern Africa. Others vigorously defend the ban on ivory is an indispensable weapon in the fund to save on offense. We have seen in the past massive declines in elephant populations we saw poaching of up to 90 of 6 elephants a day a couple years ago because of the rampant ivory trade and the involvement of organized criminal networks we have to keep the ivory trade closed there is no way that the elephants of west africa Central Africa or east africa would survive if we allowed out more ivory trade even legal trade from healthy populations in Southern Africa. But its a fact that bans have not succeeded in reducing punching so what is the solution. I went to the last conference. On the ground floor we had all those. Animal right tristram whatever it is i went to every single one of them ive got too many limes logs ive got to meet the elephants no answer i have a drought whatever you want us to stop them the income from sustainable use of hunting logs or. For conservation a struggle to find the right strategies to protect the elephants the animals numbers continue to decline really perhaps says his experience on the ground has shown that in the face of rapid habitat loss elephants will only survive if conservation pays for itself and brings economic benefits to the local population. Its a complicated situation with no quick fix millennia old traditions like those in china do not change overnight and the ivory mafia wont give up its profits voluntarily. Mammoth ivory could be part of the solution there are enough supplies for the time being and many chinese consumers ultimately dont care where their ivory comes from. But as long as there are a vested interest an explosion wildlife or financial gain africas elephants face an uncertain future. Its high time for a paradigm shift in Wildlife Conservation bans alone and not enough a unified sustainable approach is needed to ensure that these are not the Twilight Years of African Elephants. Sound. A little camera. And. Counted filmmakers from different parts of the world all have one mission. They live for the. Belly nonattachment the 3 women shown for them are 24. 00. To 30 minutes on d w. This is some top story a stubborn rice farmer from thailand. This problem. Is crito no chemicals. Wife thought it was crazy. And. Step in. Order. To understand the childs. Training successfully. Duck academy. Starts july 27th. This is deja vu news live from berlin exit polls show within the lead for the conservative incumbent in polands president ial runoff. As claimed victory over cost be the mayor of the capital warsaw the winner of the nations direction over the next 5 years well be live in warsaw also coming up. Demonstrators taking to the streets of minsk to to protest next months president ial election there they call it a sham aimed at keeping the man known as you