Guy stuck in berlin houses germanys parliament the building is steeped in history. In 9451 of the last great battles of world war 2 raged here the red army did everything in its power to capture the vice talk building on may 1st 945 the last defenders withdrew shortly afterwards on may 8th germany surrendered. That was 75 years ago a long time but even today the city is still full of reminders. And today im going to visit some of these places i would like to learn more about the end of the war here in berlin and also more about the people of that time about the victims and the perpetrators about the victors and the defeated well join me in the search for traces here in the capital. I take a look at the building where the German Family signed the surrender. Visit the epicenter of the security and terror of her actors off the 3rd reich. And go down into berlin underworld the ruins of a bunker in her heart. To see the inside of a price tag building you have to register online 1st. The best way to learn about the building and its history is to take a tour. Im meeting the buddhist talks historian michel if it comes 1st he shows me the library with all the minutes of the coolest talk from 949 to the present day. On these tables the ballots are counted after each vote. This painting is dedicated to german history and it doesnt gloss over the nazi period. But what significance does this building have in the nazi era. In essence none after the reichstag fire in february 933. 00 the building could no longer be used for anything official but even though the fire only damaged the interior of the chamber of deputies the side wings like the one were in now were still in working order and exhibitions were held in them which. Were then in the very last phase of the 2nd world war a Maternity Ward was set up down here so babies were actually born here and i was using kinda thing. That i stuck building might not have had much significance for the nazis but the soviet union saw it as the most important symbol of nazi germany. Was missing for just imagine after the battle of stalingrad josef stalin had a slogan painted on all his missiles in white paint. For the reichstag. I stuck. Traces of the war can still be seen today. After the victory the soviet soldiers immortalized themselves with graffiti on the walls usually with the date the city the soldier came from and their own name. Point here and here in this box you see a message it says for lin and god you have paid in full. The 1st in disputes on it. The battle of berlin changed the cityscape whole streets were destroyed and later rebuilt well heres a little insight into the last days of the war and in the oppression of what has changed since then. By april 9452 and a half 1000000 soviet troops had arrived at the edge of the lead. They advanced street by Street Building by building in what was a brutal battle. Countless soldiers and civilians lost their lives the city too was brought to its knees. The allies had attacked bilin from the air over 300. 00 times dropping a total of 45500. 00 tons of bombs. In the postwar years the villain as we built this city they connected mountains of rubble from the ruins into artificial hills such as the bunker back in one more time and the toughest. Modern architecture has given the city a new face but many of the original buildings have been restored including the museum ident and the berlin cathedral. Because of the her Memorial Church in the western part of the city Center Stands as a reminder of the bombing of birth and. Its been preserved in its ruined condition to serve as a memorial against war and destruction. Of other important commemorative sites include the soviet war memorial entire top park. And the Military Cemetery on health costs which pays tribute to about 3600 members of the Royal Air Force most of them were killed during the raids on berlin airmen from britain australia canada and new zealand. Like few other cities within has been powerfully shaped by its history. In their graffiti the soviet soldiers refer to the ice talk building as hitlers lair but the dictator had sought refuge in a different building located near Brandenburg Gate on the village dawson an air raid shelter called the fruit had been built underneath the garden of the old device chancellery. This is where hitler committed suicide on april 30th 1945 only in the information board stance here to mark the site the bunker was partly demolished after the war the rest was buried. Hitler died here and its really hard to imagine today what happened back then and if youre interested and you want to know more about it you can take a look at the replica of hitlers room in the berlin story bunker. As the battle of palin raged have ahead i dont hitler killed himself in a room like this the replicas in the berlin story bunker provide an impression of the dictators final days. The exhibition in the bunker and how to displace the downfall of the 3rd photos and film documents. It aims to educate not glorify the past. And. This will never become a place of pilgrimage for the far right we tell the story and expose the myths it shows the far right that there is nothing great here just a dictator who committed suicide people come here because they want to be educated about history. As indeed. Hitler lived with his companion a 5 pound in the bunker under the chancellery for 2 months. You had no hoof survived the end of the 2nd world war in the field. The last nerve center of the 3rd high. As a 15 year old member of the league of german girls she was here was a volunteer caring for the wounded behind the meter thick walls as the red army closed in the side. Above the war raged but down below there was dead silence. You heard nothing of the bombs down there one casualty after another was carried in most of them seriously wounded many of them dying in the field. In the bunker also saw this man in person propaganda minister gerbils who deployed pictures and videos of his family to make life in wartime appear harmless under dinnick. Goes delivered a big speech to us telling us to hold out until the final victory then he went and killed himself and his family. A minister who poisoned his children and a dictator who shot himself to escape responsibility for his crime that is the history of the philippines. In berlin caused tossed far from the city center the german via must sign Unconditional Surrender on may 8th 1945 today the Historic Site houses the german Russian Museum exhibition curator funk shows me whats called the surrender room. Why is this museum so far off the beaten track yes it is and why did the fans love the soviet set up their headquarters in this building in april 945. 00 s. The building hadnt been completely destroyed and it was a distinguished looking space that seemed appropriate for the signing of the surrender went and what i see here is that all original or has it been recreated. You know it sounds kind of well as you just guessed the furnishings are not the originals. They were brought to this museum in the 1960 s. The flooring the lamps and chandelier are the originals from the 1940 s. And ill start with you do you have the original surrender documents from the dolphins you know now im going to i look back i know the originals of the surrender agreement are kept in the military archive in 5 books and thats where theyll probably stay. But we have had high quality reproductions made that look quite with them take. These are just simple copies and at last case as you can see theres an american or English Version a russian and a German Version of the surrender agreement. That sounds likely home. So what was it like when the agreement was signed here. Because im just ready for it as we know that overall it was a relatively formal ceremony. But as we have lists of how much hard liquor and other alcoholic beverages were consumed at the banquet that followed. It was quite a bit of us bashing on place the museum covers the nazi regime swore of annihilation against the soviet union which claimed an estimated 25000000 lives on the soviet side outside there are more exhibits on the 2nd world war including tanks from the period. Yeah. Here in the Museum Garden we have a number of tanks as well as how it says and it had to show a rocket launcher. The reason we have them is that all of this here has been used as a museum since 967 at 1st by the soviet forces in east germany. They were the 1st to set up a museum here and these heavy elements in the garden were part of it was. Today the grounds including the tanks are listed monuments. Around 2 months after the surrender the victorious powers met its assyrian potsdam to reorganize europe and to the site of germanys future well today the palace is a museum and it commemorates this is a story about. On july 17th 1945 the eyes of the world run sicilian home of paris and potsdam the most powerful men of the time have gotten. Joseph stalin harry s. Truman and winston churchill. 50 not the postwar order of Germany Europe and the entire world was decided here you can sense the history as soon as you enter the palace the courtyard and of course the conference hall. And that has to confront and. Meticulous care was taken that none of the big 3 felt disadvantaged in any way even the specially built negotiating table reflects this. Everyone entered the negotiating room through his own entrance care was taken that no one had to wait for anyone else they all entered the hall at the same time to observe the protocol in this. Exhibition retraces the events of 75 years ago. I think we have the studies with the original furnishings this was the soviet study the british and american ones have the documents papers and implements on the desks. And this Historic Site is presented within the broader world context. The viewer gets a sense of what was happening in the summer of 1945 and the impact of the 2nd world war which was still going on in asia for example what. The conference tracked on the 1st 17 days footage gives an impression of harmony among the leaders but behind the scenes the eye in qatar has already begun to take shape the berlin wall which later run only a few meters away from the palace begins its a vonzell was the differences were so great that they could only be patched up provisionally. The cold war got its start and cecilia healthy. The 2 superpowers were already facing off against one another. My next stop is the topography of terra with over a 1000000 visitors a year its one of the best known places of remembrance in berlin the Documentation Center informs and educates visitors about perpetrators the people behind the nazi regime of power and terror truly and kemah my own shows me around. For could you briefly explain what i see here. This is the model of the german rice government district thats what it was even before the nazi era. Is where the most important ministries were located. On the spot where we are now from 933 on was the main office of the prussians secret state police. That was the headquarters of the Political Police the gestapo stuff the headquarters of the s. S. The should stuff and the Security Service of the s. S. Occupied the area where the topography of terror is located now. It all sounds very similar Security Service is should stuff how did they differ. I missed it whats important is that they were part of 2 different areas the word gestapo stood for the secret state police. That was a state or Government Agency a police agency. The s. S. The should stuff and also existed before 933 but it wasnt part of the state it was part of the nazi party thats a very important point in a democracy a state based on the rule of law keep state institutions and Party Organizations separate after 933 they were in a woven here with. Different organizations but with a single goal to maintain the nazis hold on power when they fought the resistance and organized deportations. So you could say that here at this location the threads all came together of many of the crimes that were committed one or 2000 kilometers away from here all. These here were the perpetrators. Yes these were young people radicals who were prepared to give everything they had to ensure the success of their movement and especially germany success in the war. They saw themselves as a young radical elite. In. The exhibition continues outside the cellar walls of the gestapo building were excavated in the 1980 s. Right behind them ran the berlin wall of which pieces remain today. Went into words the end of the war a lot of people were still fighting including older people or very young ones even though the situation was already hopeless why did they do that. There was anyone who tried to resist who refused to take part face the real risk that theyd be sentenced to death by a special court and then executed. But another very important question is what did they see as the alternative. Here in berlin the soviet union the red army they were the liberators. But many berliners didnt see them as a realistic option for many berliners the soviets were something theyve been taught to fear something theyve been taught was the mortal enemy. The nazis persecuted detained tortured and murdered millions of people especially jews and many places in berlin today commemorate the jewish victims of the nazi regime. Has a long jewish tradition stretching back to the 13th century in the 1920 s. Some 170000 jews left in the city after 933 many were forced to emigrate or fled from the nazis around 55000. 00 jews were killed in the shower the holocaust the nazi regimes mass annihilation of european jews. The Holocaust Memorial only the Brandenburg Gate commemorates this genocide a field of concrete blocks of varying heights of women listen to. The abstract installation aims to evoke a sense of contemplation. Since the memorials are important for understanding and for compassion amid the generation after me im 18 now the generation after me needs to understand how terrible this was even though they didnt experience it directly so nothing like this will ever happen again. There are more than 1600. Stumbling stones small memorial scattered throughout this is he in front of the former homes of the victims of genocide. Many jews once lived close to the center of berlin near the new synagogue at the time it was one of germanys biggest and most important jewish houses of worship it was heavily damaged in the 2nd world war the front section was rebuilt in the 990. Jewish museum houses the largest exhibition on jewish culture in europe the eye catching architect it features a floor plan meant to have a fractured star of david. The building is a labyrinth with concrete shots leading the way. This installation is especially disturbing more than 10000. 00 faces lie strewn across the floor visitors are allowed to walk on them a reminder of the many victims of the war. Many non jewish berliners also fell victim to the war. They sought shelter from bombing raids in cellars and bunkers in. The ruins of a gigantic flecked tower are Still Standing it was built to defend the city from erie and provide shelter to civilians in the area. Guided tours are held from april to october in the winter bats live in the ruins of the bunker. Under the entrance to the structure was in whats left of this massive door frame. The original doors weighed about a ton to make the entrance bomb proof and above all gas proof. The 3 flak towers were completed in berlin invented gotten and physically signed parks and here in park they resemble massive fortresses. And. Youre going to all this is the basic design of above the big heavy antiaircraft guns were mounted on the corners and sides they were smaller caliber guns for shorter range defense on the narrow sides there were the huge doorways where civilians and material deliveries entered the building. The shelter had room for as many as 40000 people but as the last battles raged up to 60000 people are believed to have squeezed in when the air raid sirens wailed berliners had 15 minutes to find a shelter and then the bombs came raining down. And the 1000s of people in this bunker what was that like. Its hard to imagine 60000 people in here the water was off the toilets were stopped up. Often there were 2 or 3 people sitting on every step on the stairway extending down 6 floors cowering in fear for their lives. Together with the civilians many soldiers were also accommodated in the home. The guns on top were so big it took 22. 00 antiaircraft assistants to operate them since all the adult soldiers were at the front or had already fallen only children were left to fire the cannons on the front and we talked to a lot of them and one really captured it he said we could fire the biggest can in the air force had ever made but we couldnt go to the late show at the cinema because we were just kids. After the war 3 attempts were made to demolish the flak tower but only part of it caved in the berliners soon piled the rubble from their own room building surrounded now the area is covered with trees. The top offers a great view of the city. Well the flak towers did not stop the allies they won the war and the vide of berlin into 4 zones of occupation and the american sector was in the southwest of the city and bears. Thats my last stop for today. During the post war era for the lifes of the American Forces stationed to berlin centered on clay i believe this is where the g. I. s shopped played sports and went to the movies. The outpost theater is now a listed building and part of the l. Ike museum. Exhibition covers the history of the western allied powers in berlin. And it begins with the arrival of the American British and French Occupation forces in 1945 and ends with the ceremonial departure of all the allies in 1904. Among the highlights is one for british transport planes that kept west berlin supplied during the soviet locative berlin in 1949. Despite this plan to build starting in 1953 by the american and British Secret services to tap into soviet telecommunication lines in east berlin. The war was a long time ago and yet there are still many places in the city where you can learn about this time and i got to say ive learned a lot and i hope you get to. See an x. Time here at check in. Mafia. The be. The be. The be. The be. The be. Its an invisible thread thats been depicted in many ways the coronavirus. This man knows exactly what it looks like. 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Place look how good the world sounds without the biggest composer of all time i cant even begin to imagine why. Class horn player soon willis on a musical journey of discovery. With the hope they tell to start september 16th one g. W. This is did of you news and these are our top stories tens of thousands of people have rallied in the german capital berlin to protest coronavirus restrictions and in many cases to denounce the entire pandemic as the hopes by early Evening Police say theyve arrested several 100 people after objects were thrown at officers officials broke up the demonstration saying rules like distancing and mass firing were being broken. U. S. President donald trump has
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