Climate change me 1st off a story. Basis much less the way from just one week. How much work to really get it. We still have time to ask im going. To subscribe for more news like this. But of. The race for a vaccine continue. The speed of that race is worrying some. Survey shows 83 percent of americans would have safety concerns if a Coronavirus Vaccine were approved too quickly. Of course the Research Needs to be done but others are totally against vaccines. Experts blame that on rampant misinformation and the fact that many people dont understand the Science Behind preventive medicine. Its exactly why scientists are taking to social media to explain the complex but lifesaving roles they play. Because our lives are on the line. Well instead of petting samples and analyzing data researchers are trying to demystify the trade by using to talk. And like he says its a new frontier for them but they came to get across their message that vaccines are extremely valuable even though theyre not the sole solution to this crisis ill talk to an er in a moment 1st the incredible progress scientists are making on the vaccine front in this pandemic u. S. Farm of pfizer and germanys beyond take the 1st to show successful donna from a large scale Clinical Trial of a Coronavirus Vaccine they say its more than 90 percent effective on ecologist say the vaccine needs to be stored mine is 80 degrees celsius that could create major listicle challenges for mass treatment outside major urban areas and in low or middle Income Countries but they say the breakthrough is a relief hugely positive and very encouraging to say we need to wait for the final results but that this could be a watershed moment lets hope it is millions of doses could be ready by the end of the year still the experimental vaccine is not the only one being developed there are about 200. 00 of them around 40 are in Clinical Trials and there are different methods being used to make them. Various kinds of vaccine for corona virus are in Development One kind is an inactivated virus vaccine that uses proteins from the virus to create the vaccine viruses 1st have to be broken down into parts and their infectivity has to be destroyed so its no longer dangerous. But it still has to provoke an immune response in the recipient so that the immune system develops antibodies to it. So what are the advantages and disadvantages. Of this approach is well established. Companies that develop and manufacture vaccines are familiar with it. And the production processes have been perfected. But certainly an advantage. Or disadvantage is that it takes time to grow the underlying virus in large amounts if more is needed. Vector a vaccine uses a harmless live virus of a different kind as a carrier to transport genes from the dangerous virus into cells in the recipients body. A protein gene from the virus is 1st added to the benign one in the case of the Novel Coronavirus its a spike protein gene. Modified virus that resembles sars kovi 2 in one key respect immune system detects the offending protein and creates antibodies in response. To the safety requirements for growing the virus not as strict as with inactivated whole virus vaccines of. Disadvantages are that it takes a lot of time and you have to choose vectors that are not affected by any preexisting immune response capability. And. Then there are vaccines that use messenger. Or an egg for the Novel Coronavirus is m. Or n a with instructions for making it spike proteins. Such vaccines prompt cells in the recipient to make such proteins themselves which in turn provoke an immune response although these proteins are not dangerous they are still identified as enemies by the immune system which then creates antibodies and thus immunity. For. One advantages the safety requirements are much less stringent. Another is that you can modify the r. N. A. Quite quickly money in fact will say that within a short period of time perhaps 6 weeks are in a vaccines can be produced in very large volumes millions of units you cant match that with vector whole virus or other kinds of vaccine stuff leashed. So each of these approaches has upsides and downsides nonetheless theyre all considered worth pursuing it is likely that we need more than one vaccine. Bioengineering joins us from london whats the problem here and are if if we totally rely on one or more vaccines coming along to solve this crisis. Yes so really you know we have a lot of different tools that we can use to fight this pandemic so you know if you were being approached by a swarm of mosquitoes and you had the choice to use nat fly swatter and bug spray or something you wouldnt choose to use just one of them so in addition to vaccines and the many different vaccines that we might have available you want to also be using mass and Public Health measures like social distancing as well it even if we do get a vaccine or more vaccines at some stage soon i hope its not going to be an immediate fixes it. No no definitely not so it will take some time to roll it out to the population but even when you receive a vaccine depending on the type of vaccine it can take anywhere from 2 just 6 weeks to induce immunity so theyre still a little bit of a lag time and though there are a lot of people out there who are going to want to take that vaccine all those vaccines how has misinformation on back scenes made your job difficult. Yes so we often view it as people that are provaccine are anti vaccine and i really think its kind of a great area in between so im part of a new team called low which is an initiative to connect scientists working on coding 1000 vaccines directly to the public and we do this through tick tock so were able to make videos about how we make vaccines how we test them and be there to answer any questions that people have so its a really great way to connect with people who are skeptical or critical and you know i dont really think thats a bad thing as scientists were taught to be critical until we see the data and often the public isnt you know proxy to that day but data doesnt know how to interpret it and so its great to be able to get connected and have actual conversations with people you know making all of this process transparent which is important id like to know where all the misinformation on vaccines actually comes from. I think it just in general you know there might not be a lot of people that are educated on vaccines or how they work and so when stuff starts to kind of just stew in the internet there are a lot of rumors fly around and you know sometimes people just dont know what to trust anymore so were there to kind of improve that trust and just be a direct source where you can ask questions and get an autist answer from a scientist and all of us lee can you answer this one to try to answer this last question once we get consensus once we do have vaccines and people taking them when could things start returning to normal. Yeah thats a really hard question to answer so i think based off of some of the trials that are really in kind of the final phases in phase 3 of their kind of trials right now those are looking promising so i think we might actually have x. Eans possibly by the end of this year or early next year. Its really hard to say worldwide how well be able to distribute those and kind of return to a normal society so yeah im hoping for early next year but im also just cautiously optimistic has crossed bioengineer out of play thank you very much thank you. Your questions now on the coronavirus keep sending them into our you tube channel and g. W. Science correspondent Eric Williams will take care of the rest. Can you tell us more about the b. C. G. Vaccine Clinical Trial thats currently underway. Well there are a few studies looking at this but i think the one that youre talking about which has received the most Media Coverage is called the brace trial and its being conducted in several countries across the globe it involves around 10000. 00 volunteers and many of them Health Care Workers but before we go any further i need to provide a little more background the b. C. G. Vaccine which has been around for close to a century is usually associated with tuberculosis prevention though it also appears to help prevent or at least reduce the deadliness of a range of other infections the theory is that the b. C. G. Vaccine is sort of a generalist vaccine that helps strengthen the immune response to many respiratory diseases by in hansing your Innate Immunity however its no longer widely given in countries where tb has grown rare but in countries where its still endemic and the b. C. G. Vaccine is still common there are lots of studies showing that it impacts things like Child Mortality rates and and many of those same countries also appear to have lower mortality rates in the cove in 1000 pandemic the problem is is that its hard to show that the b. C. G. Vaccine is maybe one reason why because a lot of other factors could also be playing a role its kind of hard to filter out all of the noise and thats what the brace trial is trying to do in a systematic way and if we dont have a more specific targeted 19 vaccine. Soon and the study shows that the b. C. G. Vaccine does indeed help lower a covert 19 transmission or severity it could one day be seen as a kind of a stopgap tool in the pandemic but but thats still a big if. And finally in the philippines a plant dimmick is taking root the stress of lockdown and financial pressure caused by the pandemic have prompted and the filipinos to seek comfort in a gardens and themselves the nicknames toss and teach us plant uncles and aunties demand for greenery has blossomed amid the coronavirus restrictions and business of plant markets is booming social media platforms are full of photos of flowers from foliage carefully tended in backyards and on balconies as house bound filipinos trying to nature to relieve stress and boredom. Ive been fizzling for any other developments in the bars go to our website at the w. Dot com slash coven 19 see you again here very soon but less. Traumatic scenes of the gates of europe. Never was in freefall. Even before the devastating explosion at the port of beirut the country was in the midst of a serious crisis more and more young people are asking themselves whether they have a future there. Should they keep going to keep fighting. Next d. W. Eco india people. Who want to go to work on time right go like cars are wrong or not points on the government cycle to work based on the number of kilometers hes written. Having fun during your commute its good for your health and for the environment and the cyclists who wind up with the most points government. In 16. Story so that people the world over d. W. On facebook and twitter was up to date and in touch. It was the 1st International Tribunal in history. The number of trials. 75 years ago a high ranking officers of the nazi regime were indicted by the allied forces. They were the 1st war criminals to be held accountable for their crimes. Our 2 part series the 3rd reich in the dark starts nov 12th on d w. 15 my generation are all moving with no exception because theres nothing left here among. Oz. Stay or go give up or fight in lebanon still be saved in my opinion islam is just death accumulation of corruption for decades yet to go up in our face. So long as mentioned as long as there are people who believe that lebanon will survive until theyre fighting for its survival then i believe lebanon can survive. Hussein is a lawyer. By profession saving levanon is his vocation. But its going to be the toughest case of his life his country is on its needs. We were not just in crisis we were in a total collapse you know everything in this country had already collapse not just economically even the social fabric of the society had collapsed. Beirut is in ruins. Not only because of the explosion at the port on august the 4th of this year which killed almost 200. 00 people and made around 300000 homeless. The lebanese economy is also want to sneeze. The country has been on the brink of collapse for months were it not for a few determined people taking matters into their own hands the country would long be dead. Under. Hussein and his fiance nor want to bring their city back to life because they are coordinating everything with fellow volunteers from 1st aid to the rebel brigades who are clearing up the debris. The 1st couple of hours after the explosions we saw bodies in the streets you saw people all body dumped into going to the hospital then we decided that the government again it will be absent it will not be here so we took matters into our own hands and knew about some has been distributing food since the blast for 9 years the 29 year old has been working for various n. G. O. S in the environmental sector her experience is that the state is often absent and it was no different after the explosion hardly any lebanese politician showed their. Face it if you want to survive in lebanon you have to look after yourself maybe im than i am now maybe i dont still but deep inside its great so much and because were working and were active we dont feel it but they can its its really we are not newer and hussein are gearing up to fight the countrys political elite. The lebanese constitution guarantees government positions to Christians Shias and sunnis those in power have been exploiting the system for decades to ruthlessly plunder the country. Hussein wants to use the opportunity of a u. S. Envoys visit to prevent corrupt politicians from getting their hands on emergency aid from the west mr hale we have to mr hale we have 2 words he shouts to the u. S. Envoy. 6 dont bail them out dont give them a lifeline was really. 6 for the activists this is just the beginning they are aiming to realign the countrys political system lebannon needs a reboot. We want to transform society because society here is not actually in unison its not one society its a multitude of small societies god has been bred on the fear of author so im a she offered something we have soon is there you have christians there for me like for example the last decade this sunday was kind of an enemy you know i mean hes there to come and take what i have and for him its the same thing before the christians and the muslims the same thing and the rulers they feed off of this they feed off of fear from the other were going to bring back. 30 year old hussein believes that it is not yet too late but many of his compatriots want something completely differ. And they want to get out of the country as soon as they can. Tripoli around an hour north of beirut. Electro d. J. John tyler has had enough and is taking on. His next album will come out in london. But. He has already moved out of his flat in beirut and together with his girlfriend a russian Film Producer hes living with his parents until his flight leaves for europe. And im moving basically moving because we lost hope in the country. I got the chance to apply through the u. K. In bed with kind of a life its turned us down altogether because of its. Like instability and like difficult things having financing my in my personal projects and all that stuff. For months hes been plowing through british red tape with lily as support. Its increasingly difficult for lebanese to get a western visa the demand is too high because so many people want to leave but job got an artists visa which entitles him to apply for british citizenship in 3 years now that was there is more important and you know. Exactly the only thing i dont get this is my way i was. Like all lebanese until he believes john will have to struggle with the collapsing economy he still has a few dollars left but hard currency is in increasingly short supply its becoming hard for pigeon. Shays ran my improperly because the rates theyre allowed to have money rates like the black market for instance like of this 100. 00 this is to be. Lets say this one used to be worth around 66. 00 now its like less than 10. 00 so you cant really buy anything with. The lebanese currency has lost around 80 percent of its value against the us dollar in just a year its a catastrophe for people in the city which is already poor. Unemployment is an almost 60 percent tripoli is falling apart. Its where john spent his youth saying goodbye to old friends doesnt come easy to him her. Default model among our things hes anything happening over not anymore right now if he wants to tell here is siobhan severance that. Hes in belgium theyll probably stay there. And hes better off than anyway. Hes just coming back to pick up his stuff for sure from. Lebanon has a long tradition of farewells only some 4000000 lebanese actually live there as opposed to a global diaspora of 12000000. This number is likely to grow fast which is why europe is looking across the mediterranean with great concern. But some lebanese are still determined to stay. A year ago hussein and noor bought their 1st flat together. So you can to close that you know thats where the air conditioning will be. Its going in name. One of our great strengths. Its this is split. In the kitchen and wide to where you can hone. Nothing in lebannon really works any more including Housing Construction there are barely any Building Materials everything is going up in price and the completion of their flight has been delayed theyve also cancelled the wedding they were planning on the county ensuring we cant be said really good look at whats happening around us and. I feel like i cant. I really cant enjoy it and. I think after the blast the whole idea of a wedding just you know its gone. When the crisis hit the lebanese middle class a while ago. Nor in husseins Bank Accounts have been frozen. Rampant inflation has also eaten into the savings they. Sometimes i go home i just sit and think i work for it and just maybe im in shock maybe i dont know im maybe im suddenly im good because i may be better than someone but at the same time. I dont want. Hussein and nor are among the more fortunate ones. More and more of their fellow citizens dont even have enough to eat half of all lebanese live below the poverty line. Helpers from abroad such as germans enosh cycle are taking care of them. She works for orient help or a Small Charity that distributes food to the needy in beirut. The faithful say this is the field kitchen orient brought it here a few years ago from cairo mound down in the baker valley i think it was in 2015 years i can stuff about it it was it regionally that to provide food for Syrian Refugees the food was prepared for the last 5 times a day so they had. Something warm to wait when the explosion happened i just post a message on my phone saying well take this kitchen and use it here im. Not only the kitchen xeno too has been deployed in various projects as a photographer she came to document the work of the charity. But she arrived from the black forest in a country that was sliding into chaos. Xena had always longed to visit beirut even as a teenager she wanted to live there more than anywhere else in the world. Her neighborhood jimmies once pulsated with a mixture of culture chaos and tolerance that magically drew young people from all over the world to beirut to. Try to. But for the last year all xena has been able to do is watch her dream city slowly going to the dogs. It must be really makes me so incredibly sad to see old this this is the hoss have bay bridge it here into maisie normally you have clubs the bar scene people go out people make money the economy is buzzing it feels like everyones out and about but none of that exists anymore and thats what im fucking now. All. Sure. The shockwave ripped into xenas flat too. She was lucky she was next door in her office when the explosion happened is that i was sitting here at my desk working the next thing i remember is lying on the floor with stuff all round man no idea what was happening and this is only the 2nd time ive come in here since it happens tomorrow thats the 1st time i was shaking from head to toe because i was so scared its an incredible feeling when you realize how lucky you were every time i come into this room i realize how lucky i was one of. The explosion caused an estimated 15000000000. 00 worth of damage. Vital infrastructure such as hospitals were destroyed. The government was obviously aware that the port was a ticking time bomb but did nothing. It was an unprecedented failure. The lebanese had been protesting against the state for months in october 21000. 00 tens of thousands took to the streets to demonstrate against incompetence and corruption. They might have toppled the government but the new one which replaced it seemed equally useless. Hussein founded the group mean tisch lean which helped to organize the protests mentation means since october referring to the month in 2019 when the demonstrations began this revolution right now is the only out to revolution because it came from the people not from Political Parties you know it was curious spontaneous 3 it started with a whatsapp docs i mean it was of course it was an i. Q. Malaysian but they were stopped as really blew it out of proportion and we turn from marco. Full of. Tens of people through hundreds to thousands and were still here. Husseins movement was right on the front line after the explosion in early august as angry citizens marched against a government that they held directly responsible for the devastation. Of the capital. Their anger exploded and suddenly the state did make an appearance with a Huge Police Presence one Police Officer was killed in the street fighting and over 700 demonstrators were injured. Including some of husseins people. Down there is injured as well he got shot in the leg during the last protest we have had 12 injured people one of them got hit in the stomach and he had internal bleeding and he had to be operated on and he still at the hospital. After the protests the situation escalated and the government declared a state of emergency on august 13th. About but since then the army has been patrolling the streets of beirut now the army controls everything for example if the army wants to get your house they can go in get you from your house send you to military court they can do that you dont have to wait for a prosecutor to give a court order for them to investigate if were assembled they can come to this persons put their sin in their jeeps take us to barracks and the rest of us this is very dangerous they couldnt even go as far as censoring whatever we write they can censor t. V. s radio stations there are. We live its like we live in a state of war basically. Well i dont remember but the activists are not intimidated by the threats of the state. Are. All from different backgrounds different families we can reach a conclusion together because we agree we want the Common Benefit of that. They are increasingly taking the fight to their opponents one of their actions involves tracking down politicians to a fancy restaurant and stopping them from dining in splendor amidst the citys poverty. They are aiming to deny those in power a moments peace. Their next plan is to dump rubble from the city in front of the politicians mansions. Yet the campaigns are getting increasingly risky the activists have a powerful opponent has belonged to heavily armed shia militia supported by iran that controls the government and has no interest in changing. The sectarian groups such as hezbollah are where the real power in lebanon lines Christians Shias and sunnis largely live in ghettos controlled by their respective groups and the government has little say in the matter. Hussein is shia he knows how deeply embedded has below is in his community and that no change is possible without them. He a newer drive to the shia district of conduct to distribute food. For them its all about reaching out. Some people from the revolution are scared of going there im sure does a lot of them are very also have big fears from the other side you know theyre scared that these people who are coming lets say the International Agenda are backed by the west or are backed by the u. S. And. The other hand some people from here think that these people are less like iranians or something you know while the truth is that we are suffering from the same government their philanthropy isnt without its dangers hezbollah is not keen on outside helpers on their territory. The entrance to the district is marked by a large portrait of haasan the powerful hezbollah leader. To. Become a good guy and. One of the local bosses. Has invited hussein in because the people here also need help. But they still have to act fast hezbollah gunmen to turn up any moment. That. Ali wants to show hussein how bad things really are here extreme poverty starks these narrow streets oh. A lot of. People actually live in this damp cave like dwelling. This is a hospital with. This is a house look at the humidity factor. Over going to someone will go. To his house is downstairs the whole building shook and everything shut her good luck i want the explosion a lot of damage here too but no help came says ali not even from hezbollah itself welcome to you this morning. Is it good now to know that then go we cant stay here lebanon is finished it was all our politician. Ins are corrupt without exception good law or politicians or theme. They are all things how. Could the anger and disillusion now be enough to break with old loyalties. Maybe but always preference still seems clear. A picture of hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah still hangs on his wall. Outside its the same situation residents tearfully thanks ali for his help but if anything is to change here people will have to turn their back on hezbollah and its powerful allies. Such as multimillionaire nabih berri who is parliamentary speaker and head of the party. Political parties are entrenched in the syria very much and so i think theyre not a major influence over the people there maybe they provide the services of a good state they need to survive and i think that this is something that we need to work on we need to bridge we need to talk to them more and we need them to understand what were doing you know amal and hezbollah got hit here and found out for example and the us they were hurt by that they they are all incompetent you know its not just the other parties that there are competent theyre all incompetent before it is controlled by all of them you know not a single 40 is not involved in this court and they all share the responsibility. Because the explosion isnt the only reason has below is under pressure in the west it is seen as a terrorist organization. More and more lebanese blame it for the countrys misery. So even in crisis levanon remains divided. Xena from orient helper also feels the rising tension. Shes on her way to zala a christian town and the bank of valley. Christians dominated lebanon until the 1970 s. Now they are in a minority zala is like a showcase city. Contrary to the situation in the rest of the country theres always electricity here and the streets are cleaner than elsewhere. But the crisis has also hit here and more and more people in need help as well. Xena doesnt see anyone from the state here either volunteers are taking care of everything. Orient helpers food goes to people like 83 year old event koori who used to work for the red cross. But yeah that was when we should see if there were that if you needed. To. Do you. Know if you said there is no work and i caught pay the rent was not a bad. They bring me food. And many of the elderly here had been supported by their children but now theyre also running out of money theres barely any social safety net in lebanon at all. Because of course it makes me really sad when i see how miserable the people are how little we do it to them its still such a lot i think it really affects me id really like to help. Here to help in the long term boundaries and human i wish i knew how to really help people here in the long term it will all have to come. As with the shias the people here turn to religion for comfort in increasing poverty. And just like in the hezbollah quarter zol is political bosses ignore the misery. And so the future for many people is elsewhere jog the d. J. From tripoli is off to london. Before he leaves he wants to go to beirut one more time to bid farewell to the city where he became a big name. Stars to attend like shocking this is the 1st time i see it like live but thats when i read about to be honest its nothing left for. Ronald. Johns beirut is a pile of rubble in the middle of it all he bumps into johnny an old friend from his clubbing days. Living where the ground war living from the same time a. Little. Johnnys scars bear witness to the full brunt of the explosion i know one. Thing comes. From the decisions are useless not to should get. Closer and all of them dont need these people anymore theyre all the been there for 30 years since the ninetys among those that so lets get there were new people new people with new fresh ideas and all that ideas we dont have this. We dont need anyone anymore tell us were talking about. Many of the powers that be do not want change. And activist. Slike hussein a newer face an uphill struggle. I know of lebanon i really dont think id be helps to come in every. Damn into a living but if i want to have a family and have kids i cant i can just raise them to this country like this i have no knowledge of corruption and dont have basic rights. And you know we might leave one day the tool that. We want to live in on that is a civil state where i can get my rights without going through the proxy of my community i dont have to be a shia to get my rights i need to be a live in ease and i get all my rights and then if i want to practice my religion i can do it freely you know i can no one is telling anyone that we want to take got away no we dont want that i want to live in on where you have again move law and accountability and we want a loving on where anyone can live here and actually achieve something because in this lebanon on the only way to achieve the only way to be you know to get there in life is to get on a plane get your imagination. And to go abroad. A country where politicians are not allied to religion and serve all citizens not just their own base would be a real novelty. This is what hussein and their fellow activists want to build. To prevent the lebannon collapsing for good. Eco india people in bangalore want to get to work on time right because by. Run get outta luck points on the internet cycle to work based on the number of kilometers shes written. Having fun during your commute its good for your health and for the environment and the cyclists who wind up with the most points get a good. 30 minutes on you. Yeah theyre a. Life start reading a bible study its gods will amy for 200 here is the same way of life. Rearing sites into their very much world mennonites. In 75 minutes on w. Passionate drama competition rivalry marketing numbers atmosphere fight thats how intuition love makes money millionaires fans friends fans fans and friends old. On you tube joining us. This is d w news and these are our top stories. Our media has ordered its soldiers to lay down their arms and the disputed nagornokarabakh region its Prime Minister has signed a deal with azerbaijan to end the weeks of fighting protesters stormed the government buildings in the armenian capital to express their anger over the agreement as a as are by john has called it a complete. German Company Biotech and u. S. Pharmaceuticals giant