Strict security measures were also imposed in the courthouse. On nov 20th, 945 the International Military tribunals at nuremberg began its proceedings against 22 representatives of the 3rd reich. The accused had to answer for 12 years of dictatorship. In the eyes of prosecutors, they were conspirators against civilization. As one newspaper put it, the last judgment was in session. The procedure for bringing the accused to the courtroom was precise and elevated, carried them directly from the prison to room 600. Always 3 is the time. Initially, only journalists from the victorious side were allowed in the courtroom. The appearance of the nazi leaders had a big impression on legendary newsman walter cronkite. Then a young reporter coming to the dog. As if this was not a fair proceed, as if they knew they were going to hang already. Why go through all this with this thing that the allies were being most unfair about this occurs during clearly the number one seat in the front row, sat there as the boss who had no doubt, he felt that he ran the show cronkite would later write. I wanted to speak on them. I thought them lower than the deuce on the street. The stage was since many germans believed that the trial was merely allied propaganda remain in accordance with the provisions of the charter. That the indictment summarized 85 pages. It was an endless list of german crimes here in the respect here. And i have to set up crimes against peace crimes and crimes against humanity and iconic landmark. And spend it all as defined in the charter of the tribe and a card of my name as defendant and as indicted on the counts get. And i have to set out rudolf hess, him asked the early years. Eric martin for the 1st time in history, interpreted translated court proceedings. He took one and a half days to read the indictment. Then the accused were told to respond to the challenges. Jacksons son, william was assisting his father. He was in the courtroom that day at the very opening of was read, was called upon to plead to it, plead guilty. Not guilty or guilty with an explanation, tried to call 1st. And he stood up with a piece of paper in his hand and said, before i respond, i wish to say the following. For the scottish shruti tribal cutting short, you are here to plea guilty not guilty or guilty with an explanation. That remonstrance shouted. Nick, surely, it cant emissions in it. That was an indication of his ability to try to find an opening to present what he wanted to say. Rather than what he was being asked. Rudolf hess heatless former deputy was briefed. Im going to repeat it because to me then it was lets get to Understanding Division spot, but what i can heedless vicechancellor, friends, fun poppet, going to be kind hearted. Surely were not guilty. Well, its a criminal trial if they pleaded guilty, theyre like, so i would have the sense to have a they wanted to defend themselves. And many of them said not guilty in the sense of the linde not healed. In the sense of the end, there was a way that they were charged. They were not healing. They knew they were killed to some extent, but that was another way they responded. Jackson was satisfied. In his view, the very presence of going into his codefendants was a triumph the 1st step towards a more just world with jackson himself. The orchestrator of this global justice, healing to say the proceedings were invested with a melancholy grand jury. That must have been the mood when jackson addressed the court laying out the prosecutions case. It was extremely important for jackson to be the person who delivered the opening speech. That was the jobs pinnacle moment. As he understood it, what he took it to be, the prosecutor meant to stand up for the allied nations and bring this Case International lore is based on custom, jackson argued. It exists because it is followed the world over. And anyone wanting to reshape International Law must convince the whole world the privilege of opening the 1st trial in history. For crimes against the peace of the world, imposes a grave responsibility. The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated. Some malignant, im so devastating that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive there being repeated. But that set the tone not only for the speech which follow but for the entire trial. This was not a trial of germans of all. This was a trial for humanity. This was a trial, it is to prevent terror in the from raising its head again. And any place in the world that far great nations. Flushed with victory. And stung with injury, stay the hand of vengeance, and voluntarily submit their captive enemies. To the judgment of the law. Is one of the most significant tributes that heart has ever faded stories. American journalist, william shire, i would write my spine thrall, does jackson use the power of language to build up his must early case against the nazi barbarism. The eloquence of it, the power of it was immediate and enormous. The defendants were, you know, sort of knocked back in the box and word of a very depressed lot as they returned to their lunch room in the middle of it and to their cells at the end of the day. Because this was really their 1st experience of jackson in action in the courtroom. And they, in a new way, understood that they were up against a civilization. Jackson said, asks where the law is so legged as to be utterly helpless to deal with crimes of this magnitude by criminals, of these order of importance. All documents presented to the court had to be in full languages, available to all prosecutors and defense attorneys. The evidence came in a steady stream of sharia would note in his diary that no other tribunals in history came close to this one. The nazi defendants he wrote, are going to be convicted by their own words, their own records, their own foul deeds. The idiots wrote everything down shimer added that in the chaos of the wars end, they werent able to destroy the evidence. And father knew the dangers of using witnesses, particularly witnesses from the other side. And he felt the bedrock of the case had to be documentary because we had so many documents. There were all over the signatures of these defendants. And my father said, you know, you cant crossexamine a document, its there. And he felt that there was incontrovertibly evidence as to responsibility of most, if not all of these defendants in the documents that came from their own offices. And over their own signature, were the sensational documents, soon led to a dispute between prosecution and defense robot. Jackson wanted to speed up the proceedings by using certified summaries, but the defense lawyers insisted on complete readings in court. During the agonizingly long readings, the accused were left to their thoughts. One of them, hans frank described division. We sit opposite the court, he wrote, and the train of the dead goes endlessly by without ever being interrupted, pale and worn without sound in the diem yellow, gray, light of eternity. The stream of misery flows on in boost in missing 6 thinking. So instead of throwing them away with subsidy, instead of pressure because of her new book and sustainable. This is what germanys future should look like player winding up, instead of lacking mind, made in germany. If theyre going to spawn w, give us your country. People will make you rich people. Oil will provide you with jobs. The oil will take good care of. You mentioned just a day when she 1st took hold on the west coast to come out in 2000. So that festers made promises. But years later, reality looks very different. Litters beaches, good Drinking Water shortage. Plain. How do you feel . I guess this is before you begin to live t. V. What happened to god . The stream of black coal oil promises starts december 4th, w. Leg, bases d. W. News line from the china condemns as fos a decision by opposition . Well, mike is in hong kong to resign on mass of politicians took a step to protest down to 4 of their colleagues were expelled from parliament. Also on the program, the new coded back saying has raised hopes of ending the pandemic across the world. Will it only be available to people in rich countries and violence flares in the polish capital . Far right, protesters clashed with riot police in blue