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How can Computer Science help match transplant patients with donors?
Worldwide, thousands of patients require a kidney transplant. Some patients may have a friend or relative willing to donate a kidney but blood- and tissue-type problems may make that donation impossible.
A Kidney Exchange Programme (KEP), in which all patient-donor pairs are placed in a pool, to enable donors to be swapped, is one solution, and increasingly countries are starting to collaborate on such programmes to increase the number of successful matches.
However, this brings many obstacles, not least ensuring fair participation and benefit for each country.
Calculating fairness