They've been found guilty of sedition for their role in an attempt to break Catalonia away from Spain and 2017 more protesters from 5 cities are reported to be converging on Barcelona and unions have called for a general strike tomorrow but the president of Catalonia has condemned the violence called for it to stop immediately I had his in Barcelona when people from Barcelona talk about the transform ation the city has undergone in the last 30 years they tend to link it to the 1992 Olympics Games that was when the Catalan capital finally shook off its reputation as a shabby provincial place and opened itself up to the world with an ambitious overhaul the left it modernized and regenerated since then it has become a magnet for tourists too much so for some people's liking in recent years many Barcelona locals have campaigned against the arrival of massive cruise liners that the city's port and against the proliferation of air b.n. B. Tourism properties but this week Barcelona underwent another more sudden change of the news was announced on Monday of stiff jail sentences for independence leaders thousands of Catalans took to the streets in protest the independence movement has carried out many mass demonstrations in recent years or ways peacefully but this time things were more dramatic protesters blocked roads and rail links in and around Barcelona before thousands converged on El Pratt's airport clashing with police there and causing dozens of flights to be canceled in this one of the biggest tourist hubs in Europe many travelers had to walk much of the journey to the airport due to the chaos only to find their flights have been called off. The following night the unrest continued this time in central Barcelona the past sage the grassy area one of the city's main arteries which is usually filled with mainly foreign visitors carrying shopping bags and pulling wheeled suitcases was barely recognizable all along it large rubbish containers and piles of rubble and while masked use hurled stones and bottles at rows of riot police tourists were barely visible and many of those who did venture out of swiftly retired to their hotels on several occasions throughout the night I found myself sprinting along the city's wide streets surrounded by demonstrators as we fled yet another charge by the riot police sometimes the officers simply stood still shields and truncheons at the ready as demonstrators got as close as they dead and shouted abuse at them in Catalan all of this comes at a time of political uncertainty in Spain a general election will be held next month the socialist prime minister Pedro Sanchez is ahead in the polls but the parties to his right frequently cast him as weak on the cattle an issue and call on him to take measures to clamp down on the cattle and government in contrast in Catalonia itself those who want independence see him as part of a draconian unionist state apparatus yet this idea of 2 sides Spain and Catalonia facing off against each other has started to change recently for several months there have been divisions within the independence movement over how to proceed towards the creation of a Catalan Republic. Grassroots activists tend to want an accelerated unilateral drive similar to that of 2 years ago while their elected representatives are more circumspect in addition scenes on the streets this week suggest another disagreement between those who campaign for independence through purely peaceful means and those who are willing to square up to riot police or take Barcelona airport by storm the 9 leaders who were convicted of sedition have all called for the independence movement to remain nonviolent but tempers are wearing thin the cattle and President Kim Torah is in an uncomfortable position he supports independence and those who have been imprisoned and he has even encouraged demonstrators to exercise civil disobedience but he also commands many of the riot police who have been baton charging Catalans this week. Political mental the former cattle and President colors pushed them on has been watching all this from self-imposed exile in Belgium where he has so far managed to escape the reach of the Spanish justice system for now much of his political activity is via social media where he described the court sentences as a barbarity but Spain's judiciary is now trying to extradite him to face the same sedition charge of which his former colleagues have been found guilty we don't yet know if this year will be as significant for Catalans as $992.00 was for Barcelona but the current unrest and the crisis driving it is already having an impact not just the unfamiliar sights on Barcelona streets and recent days but the deepening conflict which shows no sign of ending. I had. 4 years ago Justin Trudeau who was elected prime minister of Canada on a promise of hope and hard work. He projected a liberal inclusive image and at his victory in part to the number of young people who voted for him he attracted a lot of attention overseas as an emblem of progressive values but a time when the u.s. And other western democracies would turn in towards populism but in Canada people have been less impressed and that's Jennifer Shabana explains from Ottawa Justin Trudeau is now fighting to keep hold of his job it was Thanksgiving this past weekend a time when Canadian celebrate family and food here in Ottawa It was perfect autumn weather just starting to get cold without any snow and the streets alive with color as red and yellow leaves fall to the ground while blue red and orange political campaign signs spring up on every other lawn because every 4 years Thanksgiving is also a time for Canadians to think about the coming election and talk about politics with their families although this time maybe not so much despite a strong economy and low unemployment Justin Trudeau is only just neck and neck in the polls with his chief political rival It's looking unlikely that he'll win another majority government So what went wrong. Well a series of embarrassing scandals has taken the shine off the Liberal leader it started with a fumbled trip to India last year where Trudeau was seen repeatedly dressed in traditional Indian clothing while his hosts including Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan or Western style suits the juxtaposition was awkward he then lost 2 cabinet ministers over an ethics scandal finally and most humiliatingly on a global stage it was revealed Trudeau dressed up in black face several times before he was a politician the act of painting his face to appear Arab or black for costume parties widely accepted as racist deeply shocked some Canadians how could this so-called beacon of progressive values do such a thing but his main rival conservative leader Andrews sheer has not been able to capitalize on Trudeau's fall from favor embarrassing ghosts from his own past have come back to haunt him turns out that sheer whose party mocks Trudeau's pre-political career as a teacher and snowboarding instructor has a rather thin c.v. Himself and more damaging it was revealed the Conservative leader has both Canadian and American citizenship people here are not quite so scornful of our neighbors to the south for that fact to be a problem on its own it's that sheer and his conservative predecessor often called into question the divided loyalties of other political leaders who held dual Canadian and French citizenship so there's egg on both faces and many voters are left with distaste for the 2 front runners in this election neither Trudeau's liberals nor sheers conservatives looks set to win a majority of seats in the House of Commons and they may need the support of another party to form a government. Trudeau could turn to the Green Party to support him if they have the electoral breakthrough they've been longing for or he might look to the left wing New Democrats the n.d.p. Leader is the 1st person of color to lead a major political party in Canada and after a better than expected performance in last week's debates jug meat sings popularity is on the rise for the conservatives the choice of who could support their minority government is less clear the blockade that Quad a party that only runs candidates in the mainly French speaking province of Quebec is also surging in the polls but support from them could be problematic some question how a party whose creation was designed to push for the breakup of Canada through back independence could be called on to hold the balance of power in a national government try to ensure artificially looking for dance partners just yet instead they're out frantically canvassing for votes in the last days left each trying to get enough momentum to win a majority and an already nasty campaign by Canadian standards is set to get nastier at last week's debates sure called Trudeau a phony and a fake the Liberals have been trying to divert voters' attention towards sheers past statements against gay marriage and abortion and over the weekend Trudeau was forced to wear a bulletproof vest in public after an unnamed security threat he later said that we're living in a time of increased polarization. But not of our family's Thanksgiving dinner my aunt refused to let anyone talk politics she said she didn't want to hear any more about this election so we ate our turkey and pumpkin pie and talked about the weather and looked at the window at all the beautiful colors. Jennifer. There was much excitement in Ethiopia last week when it was announced the prime minister Ahmed that won the Peace Prize he's been in office for less than 2 years and in that time he's released tens of thousands of political prisoners invited exile dissidents to return home and allowed a number of banned opposition parties to operate once more then in June last year he signed a peace deal with every trail which ended a war that had lasted for 2 decades despite all this and despite the accolade from Oslo to God now and at his other says Mr Ahmed is not quite as popular as you might think I remember exactly where I was the moment I realized the mania was over I was with my friends sort of garage and out a suburb near where traffic choked Ring Road skirts beneath the eucalyptus forests that envelop the city's northern hilltops Ellis is a mischievous man in his mid thirty's who sense from self is now rather a local term for a street smart city boy is matched only by his tub thumping Ethiopian patch or it isn't He was helping me get my car fixed and as we waited our conversation drifted as it's often does need therapy these days to politics and to the subject of i.b.s. Med prime minister now Nobel laureate I hate him said earlier with characteristic bluntness he pointed around the garage of their way of battered old Toyota Corollas folks wagon beetles in the sky blue mid century Persia's which make up the bulk of the city's taxi fleet ever taken is voted out Ellis observed we've all turned against him he was right the stickers are gone and his face rounded boys with a winning smile and a crisp well kept goatee wasn't there any more on the windows of taxis or mini buses on the t. Shirts of ordinary residents. That's not how it was when he came to power in April last year on the back of popular protests which had been gathering momentum for almost 3 years the whole country was under a state of emergency then the ruling party the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front seemed all out of answers Well it could do is lock people up for Plan crowds and shut down the Internet to stop young people organizing it was a dreadful time then Abby came along young and charismatic promising democracy reconciliation and reform his very 1st address as prime minister he cleared his love of Ethiopia calling it a land blessed by God People were moved to tears if European politicians never talked like this he sounded almost like a preacher time and again he spoke of Mme and I'm heart what meaning to add together a poetic education of national unity an inclusive ety which soon became a catchphrase a new era back and everything was moving faster than anybody had imagined possible of course it couldn't last forever by the time I was sitting in the garage of boredom waiting for my cause clutch to be replaced the honeymoon it ended Abby had been unable to put a stop to violence and instability in a billet across the country since he took office returning rebels hadn't all put down their arms ethnic tensions which Abby's authoritarian predecessors had kept a tight lid on had exploded in several corners of the country was 3000000 people were driven home their homes by conflict in 2018 higher than anywhere else in the world then in the summer there was an alleged coup attempt against the head of one of the regional governments in the north the state president and the head of the army were both killed he did it with a conspiratorial about the coup he meant Abby there was no anyone who thought this you say used to politicians lying to them state propaganda result had every takes official account seriously. The lesson I reflected was that he had over time lost a single most valuable asset trust that is what distinguished him from other leaders but no longer he wasn't transparent enough and he seemed to say one thing to one group and something totally different to another it seems sometimes like he was more interested in his public image and with tackling the country's myriad problems poverty and unemployment ethnic divisions rising lawlessness but it may not be the end of our remaining or entirely when he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize Ethiopian suddenly started cheering again even those who'd been criticizing him for months international recognition was good for Abbey so it's good for the country the reasoning went but they are for his early days has not come back shortly after the Nobel Prize announcement authorities in the capital began arresting young men seemingly at random accusing them of planning to attend an opposition rally a spot outrage. And passionate supporters but most people are cautious the feeling is like that of a couple who just got back together again after a break up giving another go and in that as I was face still isn't a return to the taxes not yet got. As the saying goes with this muck this brought us that was true until recently in Romania the collection hand processing of household waste became something of a boom industry and this led to prove liberation of small companies they were making good money until the government ruled that only municipalities could run those kinds of operation also companies when how to business and the amount of rubbish being recycled dropped dramatically. Has been to see the result. The 500 mile drive from Bucharest to Budapest seemed endless back in 1991 potholed roads through poor villages horses and carts vying with fume belching trucks that ponderous progress interlaced with the reckless racing cause of the new urban elite so I was glad of the company of the young Roumanian couple hitchhiking at the roadside We talked about this and that but as we approached their destination I store them in my one and a half liter plastic water bottle summoning his courage the boy explained shyly that he'd never seen a bottle like that before could I bear to part with it in return they pressed an assortment of nylon socks on me from the factory where they worked for all its poverty the country was only just emerging from decades of the cruel dictatorship of Nikolai Ceausescu the roadsides in Rumania in those days were not kneedeep in refuse as they are today and glass bottles carried a small deposit to encourage the drinks industry to reuse them nowadays the $3000000.00 inhabitants of the Rumanian capital Bucharest produced $1000000.00 tonnes of plastic waste a year much of it ends up in 3 overflowing landfill sites on the ring road I remembered my shy hitchhikers as I followed refuse truck after refuse truck as I shouted into the camera in way starting plums and as I let pristine pallets of freshly recycled plastic flow through my fingers in State of the art recycling plant dust fold was Alice said but I can the people must smash everything to smithereens says downtown in done tones death. As timeless play about the French Revolution in order to find out what lies inside my store join in the rubbish dumps of Roumania will so provoke memories of summers beginning in the late 1970 is collecting figs in a Greek village the figs. Season began in mid August when the ripe figs fall from the trees and we collectively when boss gets to lay them out to dry on the reed bed the said He each summer just before the reign of figs began nomadic gypsies would appear selling handmade baskets woven from Willow the villagers look forward to the appearance of their tents on the hillsides they drove a hard bargain but their boss kits were magnificent year after year in Greece from the 1980 s. Onwards 10 years ahead of Roumania I watched the little stream that ran between the figs slopes fill up with plastic and the Gypsies stopped coming there's something about packaging which underlines the gulf between rich and poor back in Rumania I watched the silhouette of a man riding a horse and cart along the embankment of the river are together southwest of Bucharest Then he turned down to where I stood on yet another illegal waste dump in what should have been the magnificent wetlands on the river shore as he unloaded the man told me his life story a former blacksmith he supplements his meager pension collecting plastics from shops for which he's paid a small fee a policeman told him to dump it here he told me when he was caught tipping it out behind the church I live on a quarter loaf of bread a day he explained a quarter loaf the decay of man made objects inevitably provokes thoughts of our own mortality as we'd rocketed from recycling plant to recycling plant in a smart company car I caught glimpses of Roumanian gypsies at the roadside on with the old baskets gathering food for free the walnuts and plums which grow wild in long avenues a consolation for the poor. Autumn the falling fruit the long journey I remembered a line from d.h. Lawrence's poem the ship of death summoned on my smartphone the dark poem appeared almost instantaneously the apples falling like great drops of Jew to bruise themselves an exit from themselves but I had forgotten to my shame the glimmer of redemption with which the poem ends the ship of death which man is exhorted to build passes through total hopeless darkness but then the flood subsides in a body like a worn sea shell emerges strange and lovely and the frail soul steps out into the house again filling the heart with peace might humankind to after we drown in the ocean of our own waste be reborn like that strangely clean wiser even Nick thought up the mountain landscape of the up us for Netty region is according to UNESCO an exceptional example of mountain scenery with medieval villages and tower houses the mountains in question of the Caucasus specifically those in the northwest of Georgia the people who live there the San speak the dialect incomprehensible to of the Georgians but there are many so far left today and that culture is under threat the hospitality though this one diminished as Antonia Kent discovered when she dropped in for lunch Valarie the Oblio any isn't an easy man to say no to a black eyed giant with a swashbuckling mustache and hands that could crush rocks he's urging me to drink another toast to our ancestors he says raising his glass. I reply grimacing as the homemade ignites the back of my throat. By the time we've toasted our families say George each other and the brother he lost fighting for Abkhazia Valarie has offered me 3 actors a few cows and a house in the village bring your husband and make babies he exclaims raising another gloss Valarie may be generous but he also wants neighbors he and his wife morrow at the last inhabitants of kitsch called dashi a 1000 year old how Millet clinging to the southern shoulder of Georgia's Caucasus Mountains in the 16th century 40 families lived here but the last villages left 15 years ago and now just this elderly couple remain on the surrounding hillsides ruined houses loyal like broken teeth it's the same story all over us for Nettie winters on the local wildlife can be brutal and for decades this farm people have been abandoning their mountain area for an easier life in the lowlands in the ninety's following the collapse of the Soviet Union the region slid into banditry and lawlessness blood feuds bedeviled the medieval villages and until 2005 broad kidnapping was common now many villages a half empty and only $14000.00 speakers at the same language remain on the sunny day when I visit it's hard to see why anyone might want to leave from the grassy knoll outside the debris on his large stone house wilderness spreads in all directions tangles of forest tumbling from the ridges of snow dusted peaks cows graze beside a tiny white church bells ringing in the clay are rare and below folded into the seam of the valley a river thunders. In the kitchen a cozy room dominated by blaring television on a wood fired stove morrow is preparing lunch a small stout woman with a ready smile and hazel eyes she bustles between stove and table carrying plate after plate of food that's catch a poor or cheese filled bread great jelly sprinkled with walnuts fried potatoes so goony cheese spicy plum sauce beef stew you and bowls piled with apples and wild pears between the plate stand glass jugs of cognac pale red wine and that fiery chuch are by the salt sugar and oil everything is home produced it may all seem like a Georgian version of the good life but it's not for the faint hearted I could buy a new truck with all the money I've lost from animals eaten by wolves and bears Valarie tells me of a lunch a wolf took our last dog from outside the door and recently a bear killed my prize bull Valarie who spends the winters hunting in the mountains on homemade skis was almost killed by a bear himself once his assailant now lives on the floor in that bedroom one of several Shockey Baskin rugs in the house the Georgian government would find me a 1000 Larry about 280 pounds if they caught me hunting a bear he complains but what am I supposed to do when they kill my animals despite these hardships Valarie and marrow have no intention of leaving my family have been here for a 1000 years they built the church Valarie insists I've spent time in Tbilisi and I went to Russia when I was in the Soviet army but my ancestors are here I don't want to leave. That 3 children and 10 grandchildren all live in nearby villages the sons and Gilkey work part time patrolling the border with Russia less than 10 miles from here and their daughter Nino is busy with her 4 children our grandchildren all speaks fun and I own a piece of land in the village Valarie tells me we hope some of them will stay and keep the place a life tourism could be want to answer a new long distance walking route the trams Caucasian trail passes right through kitsch called dashi for Larry and Mary Hope it might bring new life to the village we want to be part of the world we want to meet people from other countries says Valarie if more tourists come here then maybe some of the other villages will return to in an effort to encourage passing walkers to say the couple of put up a simple wooden sign advertising family hotel lunch and any other meal and what a treat awaits all those years ago the British diplomat said John Oliver Wardrop writing in 1908 said that being among the Georgians was the best cure for melancholy that could be imagined after meeting Valarie and marrow I couldn't agree more. And Tony a Bolingbrook can't mess all from our correspondents Gary Gracie will be sitting in the seat on Saturday to join her go by the program was presented today by Caroline Wyatt the producer was to Mansell looking ahead to tomorrow morning we've got 2 new series starting at 11 o'clock natural histories is back with a programme about the sloth and then at 1130 there's a new soon Lim comedy skeletons in the cupboard which stars more when the banks Nigel planer and Maureen Lipman 2 sisters clearing out their mother's house following her death when a man turns up and announces that he wants to buy the place will find out more at 1130 tomorrow Max today tales from the state of clemency Burton Hill will be looking at the score of The Pirates of Penzance. Germany 1961. Following the birth of. Are you going to escape this story of doing it or death thinking about we were terrified is that what town a man who made it to the west even dreaming about this for weeks and now freedom now we've done it so why did you can tunnel back into the east a true story in tunnel 29 on b.b.c. Radio 4 next Monday to Friday at 145 and all 10 episodes are available now on b.b.c. Subs. Well now Tales from the stave the program celebrating great works from the classical tradition through the manuscript some which they were 1st created once again the presenter clemency Burton Hill is in New York City. In the Morgan Library and Museum here in New York City as well as a priceless collection of manuscripts and printed music they also have a huge archive of journals and diaries some of which 30000 in light on the collections. I have come into the gilded Lerman auditorium here and many theater hewn into the New York bedrock the neat Madison Avenue and I'm looking at a diary entry for the 31st of December 1079 in a very precise and elegant hand it says. No rehearsal except band at 11th over chill went to Brunswick hotel to have my hair cut home a swarm 45 to breakfast too little to eat went to bed trying to get sleep but could not stayed in bed till 5 30 pm the classic anxious artist waiting for the premiere of a new walk the walk in question was the Pirates of Penzance the composer in New York to conduct his new piece the Sullivan. Here is the play bill for it says I want to see under which years in the twenty's and like on the Mustang silk or so it is on center themselves on the opening night the orchestra will be conducted by Mr Arthur Sullivan Morgan's collection of g.n.a.s. Material laid out by the head of music manuscripts from ballots goes way beyond autograph schools alongside the silk playbill that's Gilbert small handwritten libretto a telegram code used by the 2 men and their manager cum Agent Richard Dorney caught and in pride of place the 2 well bound blue grey volumes that make up Acts one and 2 at this perennial favorite operetta full of pirates policeman daughters and a prolific Major General. And on hand today in 1000 it we have to sopranos a Sullivan scholar and putting his conductor's baton to one side the president of the New York Gilbert and Sullivan society democratic. The overture was the last thing composed just a day or less before the New York premiere on December 31st 879 an orchestra Herschel was called on the morning of the premiere just so that the officer could be prepared to play the overture So it starts right off with the theme of with cat like tread from Act 2 and there is a blue pencil which crosses out the signal for meto forte and replace with piano score was used in for 4. It's all of the pages are reinforced around the edges so they're a bit stiff so that they don't form part and as we go through the score there are few places where Sullivan's handwriting is not there at somebody else so maybe you detect it has become in fact Mark Sheppard's a world renowned Gilbert and Sullivan Scala spotted another hand rather earlier than expected right here in the typically minute over this particular one is written in the hand of his assistant. But even though it is in the hand of his assistant you could consider it his work. I dispute that. He bought it as an autograph. Almost all of it and certainly every original part of the handwriting is solvent but this overture in particular is in the hand of an assistant with corrections by isn't easy to fix here. We're looking at Act one now who can give us a very quick precis of what goes on in this act well you meet a bunch of pirates except unlike pirates in literature they're drinking sherry out of glasses which is a clue that they're not quite what they seem and the 1st lines of the opera are the Men's Chorus singing poor O.-Port the fire of sherry fill. The Gilbert like Topsy Turvy turning things upside down one of Gilbert's original ideas was that the Pirate King was in fact going to be a subservient figure he was going to be ordered around by the other pirates So you see it says here poor ole King the pirate Sherry Philo King the pirate class the original idea was the king was going to serve them but they changed their mind for unknown reasons and so now instead of poor oh king we here today poor old poor the pirate never be Ruth doing the poor and. She is the former nursery maid of young Frederick who sent him to be apprenticed to a pirate because she misunderstood her orders. To apprentice him to a ship's pilot. Because of her hearing your deficiency she brought him into the pirate gang and this number is to celebrate his coming of age that he lead to elegant hand this is. The voice of one of our 2 sopranos Helen Donaldson is from Australia they're now settled in the States back home she's donned as Mabel the girl who will beguile Frederic save the day and do so with spectacular vocal dexterity next to her Sarah Caldwell Smith who sung the same role countless times here in New York both of them all struck at Sullivan's beautiful manuscript and well it's just incredible to see the hand of Sullivan writing out this iconic work and it just brings it immediately to life it's probably not something you grow up thinking you will ever do and it's just so oh and full of history and it's beautiful it's Mel's little funny it's wonderful that in the world Mark does remind us where Pirates of Penzance comes in the Gilbert and Sullivan story the Pirates of Penzance is their 5th opera they started together with an opera called Festivus which we're going to discuss in a few minutes that wasn't intended to be part of the series then they got together for trial by jury with Richard oily cart the success of trial by jury led cart to try to keep them together when they found it a permanent company they did the sorceror then they did h.m.s. Pinafore and that led to where we are today the Pirates of Penzance tell us about the title and why is that so significant it was pinafore was rabidly pirated in the United States in those days there was no international copyright protection any hit in London could be mounted in New York with no royalties to the creators and pinafore was a sensation in the United. States and Gilbert and Sullivan were of course very frustrated by this so they hatched the plot to premier their next stop or in New York so that it couldn't be stolen so this was the only Gilbert and Sullivan that premiered in the United States before it was heard in London but in order to get the copyright in Britain it had been performed in the role ha ha that way and painted is that right that's right so in those days in order to get a British copyright there had to be an actual performance they weren't there to supervise it the performers received those materials mostly the same day they and were terrified I don't really wouldn't want to have to prepare one hour's. Story. Dearest a month of Lost Time outs of my penal servitude and find a little breathing time to look around me and write home since I last wrote to you I have had the usual tremendous strain upon me before producing a new work only most or try found that on the way my sketches for the 1st act which I had made before leaving home had been left behind in England and I discovered it too late to send for you don't associate Victorians with day mom that is but that's solid been writing home admitting to an embarrassing mistake that some claim may have led to several more pages of the school that didn't think to be in Sullivan's hand. So this is the entrance of the women climbing over Rocky Mountain which is a number that was reused from Festus But what's very interesting is this is not in his hand this is a copyist manuscript of festivus and he cannibalizes it to start out this number you make some changes if you can turn the page here you will see that the vocal parts are written in 4 part harmony there for men and women 1st miss is about a troop of male and female actors who climb up Mount Olympus and confront the gods and eventually take over the Gods work for them. One of the lines is climb the hardy lads and lasses which because it's only female courses change your car and the hardy little Irish sea. The. Ingenious you know something I've always wondered about this number is they always stage it as the girls are climbing over rocky cliffs of Cornwall and they're going to go to the ocean and then we remember that the story is set in February and isn't it there in cold woods every hour or so they have a tropical climate and there palm trees around but not that trout have been in Colin Fogarty I can attest to the fact that is not tropical Yes and if we turn over one more page. Now we are in Sullivan's hand for whatever reason he wanted to take the fastest piece only so far I never knew that it was a hybrid there's been many crazy stories about what happened to the rest of us because only this chorus and one ballad which was published survived. It's pretty clear that Sullivan knew exactly what he was doing borrowing from his own youthful self as composers before and after him have always done meanwhile Helen and Sarah fascinated though they were by the arcane secrets and processes of the space research were clearly ching to get to the moment in the school where that carrot to Mabel makes her spectacular entrance skipping past songs for the Pirate King and Frederick is looking for lonely for one Maiden Fair. The. We found the place where there is. Always like this book because you're waiting and waiting waiting to come in and what better possible introduction to the audience than with a fabulous entrance cadenza. Oh that's very neat it's very tiny and there's a great beautiful long line joining the 1st syllable of May to Bell Sullivan used to tell an assistant how many bars he wanted per page and an assistant would rule in the bars before he started writing so he was stuck he had to fit this cadenza into a page that it in previously rolled by someone who didn't know he was going to do this so that's why those notes are so it's almost my wrist out back there you know in your hand and what's all that is doing is parodying a very famous violin a chewed by Rudolph Kreutzer you know that Out Out Out Out Out Out Out Out Out of. My house being that young violinist suffering through that and see it but also what a time in which a crate so as to could be known to a general audience this character of Mabel is not quite the same as other surprise in the genus repertoire she is portrayed as kind of an empty headed canary and I doubt very really that it was the right person and do you have a canary you know very few She's very active and she stands up for things at the end and she orders this entire group of policemen around tells them how to do their job and I think she's quite cheeky as well she's I don't think she's empty headed I am such a romantic and such a sucker when it comes to these things but for me there's something just unbelievably magical in terms of just connecting this music that you've created on stage as time and time again that you've studied and we all know that it does does a region and come back to a human being who made a mark on a piece of manuscript paper and I think he was just having a little laugh you know that is vile and I didn't think he would go just you know play around with this and this song is definitely a work out but the payoff is unbelievable it's actually a little. Even I think it looks simpler than it is something cross to him. Looks like they had their original words from the 1st 1st though that just surely strayed and that's crossed and above it his if such poor love as mine C. It's a great opening because you have this great interest everyone's Captain Chris 2nd and then it's just you in the spotlight with this guy at the end of it you've got your man was pretty easy from then on I always found that's done and then the rest of the role is like fun and games here we go like that you know that that's totally exactly how they are it's like you're in your home are shot out of a cannon exactly do this incredible piece and then take that off we go into either yeah it's really fun. We call be talking about Pirates of Penzance and not talk about I am the very model of a modern major general probably the most famous of the songs where is it in the school . And this is it right here I am a bit of a general I mean they took a look at a little bit why do the kings of England that I quit the fight to stop it from there if you want to go to Catholic. World we're very pattern of the modern age and this is one of those examples where no words are entered at all other than at the 1st page it says I am the very pattern of a modern major general the original words and they're just going to go pages and pages with no words entered at all have to say looking and not being the expert that you were just when you all suddenly went oh that was his line it was my thought is it I mean that's something that I think there is a. Friend that she will see. Gilbert's libretto that he does a song major general it does you see here he has the names of the New York cast Cyrus king was played by a man named Mr brocoli me but his name wasn't broke away and I forget his actual name it was English or Irish or he was from Brooklyn so to be an opera singer in New York he called himself Senor brocoli me he played Mabel in the original Blanche Roosevelt who I think was a Roosevelt look at those for all the operatic than broccoli need as in you didn't have any presidents named Roosevelt for some decades after that but it was a prominent family the Roosevelt Hospital was founded in the late 19th century when you have G.M.'s enthusiastic touring I've a material like this you sense that young to perform with limited time we moved on to act to a policeman maidens pirates part Doxes more policeman you really don't need to know the plot until we came to another of the famous hits when the foam and bass his steel with Mabel exulting a reticent squad of policeman to risk all in the name of glory and arrest the savage pirates and a will they can do in the face of imminent danger is slap their chests and sing to run to Rock Island Donaldson couldn't resist the. Gods of. No need. Any. God to. Take me seriously. Though yes. I have. That Sullivan has entered I. Since son go and die she's very I loved this line yes she was and I was very I don't know that as about you had I would have lost over that point it was not there I read the The sergeant has been told go off and do this but you're probably going to die so this is a reaction he sings we observe to great stress on the risks that honest press and of reference a lack to our chance of coming back still perhaps it would be wise not to carp or criticize for it's very evident these attentions are well meant uses. These I take actions all well meant didn't yes well have oh yes well the return of the lead roles are all over the oh no no no the. What you can't see is the she joined as the 4 of them the producer and Ethan from Barlett attend school magick and to influence. The 1st round of the the so he's right the South was a little off was. Anyone because they did all the right that well I just thank you I mean I've got goosebumps it's always a fun moment in the show everyone's on stage it's rousing double chorus for one marching around the intel like the excitement strings bubble up in audience and from this moment on in the 2nd act just like get hit. By Ritz in particular written for an American audience there seems to be a lot more freewheeling comic nonsense and humor in it the previous opera if us pinafore was much more tongue in cheek talking about class and rank it didn't have the kind of comic outspokenness both in the words and the music the pirates had and whatever the atmosphere of living. In working in New York put into it for go in and solve a myth to raise the car potential to heights that they really haven't experienced before just one point on that before they came to New York Richard oily cart did a scouting trip over here and he sent a letter back and he said for America I think we need a more pronounced style who may actually used the French word panel say but he clearly meant what Dan was just talking about something where the comedy was more overt more in your face and that's exactly what they did. Was he. Was the. Gilbert Kane got up feeling miserably ill head on fire dressed slowly and got to New York club at 730 to 12 oysters a glass of champagne went to theatre another entry from Sullivan's diary on the day of the premiere of The Pirates of Penzance but the champagne help settle his nerves about the ending of the piece because as Mark Sheppard revealed the manuscript told of a real struggle to find the perfect finale the moment the policeman to everyone's surprise quell the pirates So here we are we charged to yield in Queen Victoria's name a number of years ago I think these pages were pasted together the last time I saw this manuscript this wasn't open and you will see there's about 4 or 5 pages that are canceled out with vocal parts and no words but on to tell you because I actually brought it with me to really give everyone a copy so you can see if we digitized our whole collection and in digitizing any paste overs were released so that you could see what was underneath and what was on the back of the page the pirates have just been found out. They've been told they must yield in Queen Victoria's name and this was a joke because in those days the police would say stop in the name of the Queen and the idea that you're a pirate but just because someone mentions the queen you're going to stop is sort of idiotic but that's they are other sentimental pirates after that that's the joke . You. Get. All the. So here's what happens right they stop and then Sullivan introduces a hymn for the the player the. Sullivan in addition to everything else he did was a very prolific him composer this is like a little Sullivan him that I don't believe has ever been performed as ever has ever been heard but thanks to the University of San Andres Gilbert and Sullivan society taking time out from that and to profess to be a production of pirates that is being rectified now the. Fish leave. The There's. The this is a little bit why did he cut it why is it not in the in this case I think it's fairly obvious it's the end of a long evening in the theatre and he's stopping the action for everybody to stand and sing a hymn like they're in church it's a nice little piece of music I'd love to do it at a concert somewhere but at this point in the show I think it's slowing down the action you've been there 2 hours you're ready for it to be resolved I think that's the reason why it was deleted while you think about that sort of sense of a rousing Gilbert and Sullivan finale with ain't it that isn't it given that he is writing for New York at this particular moment in time in this place what does he. At the end of what could we see him if we could turn a few pages to the finale and here we are so in New York the opera ended with a reprise of the major general song but Gilbert and Sullivan typically waited till late in the process to decide how to end their operas and the solo from a bill which we went over in the 1st act had been such a hit they scrapped the reprise of the major general song and instead included a reprise of poor wandering one so you can see this page 3 fifths when a substance comes through here so here you can see it's just a different shade I mean this last bit he wrote months later when they came back to London and they were deciding well now we've had the experience we've seen it on stage what do we want to change and we're going to replace this finale and here he does it and there's one more thing I can show this book here is that we just touched touched ran a full financial these are the proofs this is Gilbert's proof copy one more page here it is this is his proof copy with the original finale in it you can actually see her Gilbert in his hand he struck out the modern In general the previews and they realized there was a better way to end the piece than the 1st idea they had is that number 8. Bars of the rape I like the fact that the human prize Mabel's are at the end it does have a better message than I'm a military man who knows nothing about the military which is what the modern major general is about but really I think another reason that this piece has lasted so long is it is about love it's about a love story and take heart and don't be afraid to take a chance if you're going find love and that's a great way to end the show. Went into the old history more dead than alive but got better when I took the stick in my hand fine reception. Piece went off list Lee well. Ground success. Pirates was a hit in New York they took the theater for only 3 months and they were evicted in the pirates was still playing to sold out houses and the manager had booked another act and that was that well from as a born and bred New Yorker yourself how do you feel about the all cities role in cementing the reputations of these 2 Brits Isn't it wonderful that it was premier New York contest and that we have the manuscript so I'm wondering how did it end up here did he forget to take it home already you know tonight it will. Because it went to his nephew herbut And then when her bit died went to her It's wife and when she died it was offshore and that so the bees and that's how the Morgan boner. And then amidst all this wonderful musical and dramatic archive from produced another jam a menu they had a farewell dinner on March 2nd because Sullivan was leaving on the 3rd all in French some oysters and some pot harsh you'll be glad to know they were drinking shabbily and fruity but they did move on to a Pomery sex they had to dry champagne and for free to Sherry I don't know if the free to Sherry has anything to do with the reference to the Pirate of the pirates is pirates favorite drink exactly and only a Masai during that he's written the menu of the Sullivan he has to sign his name. While people. Like Us and the little doodle. With a little tear in the literature this is. I feel like we've just got static they seem so much in it and we've just covered the surface but it's something I never ever imagined I would have access to want to look at so I thank you so much Brian and everyone here I've loved looking at it it's absolutely fascinating and it really gives you a great connection to the foreman says and everyone who gets involved with these productions it it's huge I do want to say Fran you exceeded my expectations you brought out so many of these other artifacts more than just the score itself so they could really see how it fits into the cultural context and just very grateful it's just surreal that it's right here in front of us and especially live in the same city where it was premiered and that that we have the score and we can access it spend such a treat to see this and the flash well as a conductor who works with for Castro scores it's absolutely awesome to see the original handwritten version looking at this just makes me feel very privileged to have this about of communication with the composer well. Dan Kravitz thank you so much much effort Sarah Caldwell Smith Helen Donaldson and of course Pham Barrett of Morgan lively here in New York thank you so much. Well I thoroughly enjoyed that tells from the Stave was presented by clemency Burton Hill the producer was Tom Goldman and in next week's program the Robert Schumann song cycle for only until a been a woman's love and life now there are a couple of program changes at lunchtime as we shall be hearing in just a moment in the news there have been some developments on the bricks and from this morning on the world one is being extended to an hour as a result that means that the art of innovation which was originally going to be broadcast at 145 can now be heard this evening at 9 o'clock to a couple changes in the next hour or so the plan at the moment is for this to be on Monday. Anxieties around alter fish or intelligence. In Western culture is that. Taking over human society there are people who every time they would see one of these driving cars fast they would throw a rock at it asking big questions about our place in a technological world people have clung to the idea that humans are uniquely intelligent that is now being intensely problematize the new series of the digital human with me Alex on b.b.c. Radio 4 begins next Monday afternoon at 430. B.b.c. News at midday Boris Johnson has confirmed that he's agreed to what he calls a great new breakthrough deal with the e.u. The prime minister is on his way to Brussels where he's hoping to sign off the agreement with other e.u. Leaders speaking in Brussels within the last hour the E.U.'s chief negotiator Michel Barnier said the New Deal had addressed the government's concerns over the Irish backstop a measure intended to avoid a hard border on the island of Ireland time I think today's agreement should really proceed balance is the last possible moment of after all the fairest adjustments that we can use and Potomac and major changes particularly for an internationally we for our part Have you mean except it that we really are shipping lines then up and we replace it with a new approach yesterday Boris Johnson says he now hopes parliament will give its spanking to the deal it's a special sitting on Saturday but the d u p the conservatives allies in the Commons say they cannot support the agreement as things stand our reality check correspondent Chris Morris has been examining the text and outlines one of the reasons why the prime minister will find it difficult to sell to some M.P.'s at Westminster Northern Ireland believe the European customs union it will be a big part of trade deals done around the world but there will be de facto if not legally but de facto a border down the Irish Sea for customs and for goods and that will be seen as an impediment to trade within the United Kingdom especially by the dean you the Labor leader Jeremy Corbin and the leader of the Lib Dems Jo Swinson have both condemned the deal suggesting there should be another public vote before it's accepted the leader of the BRICs it Party Nigel Farage said he'd rather have an extension and another election than they steal what is just more if this was to be agreed we will not be making our own laws in our own country or employment regulations environment or many other things and look I frankly think it should be rejected. A jury has been directed to clear a man either Bell who was accused of soliciting the murder of Jean McConville a widow with 10 children who was shot dead by the ira in 1982 she'd been wrongly accused of giving information to the security forces are the bell was deemed unfit to face a full trial because of ill health now a judge has ruled that the trial of the facts can't continue because Tate evidence can't be relied on commuters on the London Underground have clashed with climate change protesters who got onto the roof of a train at Canning Town video online appears to show one protester being beaten by a number of frustrated travelers 4 arrests have been made Jane Francis Kelly reports. Was footage released by extinction rebellion show commuters erupting in anger at Canning Town station during the morning rush hour protesters had used to lead it against the top of the tree I grew to shouted at them while they unfolded banner saying business as usual is death man then dragged one of the activists down by his legs and there were violent scuffles requiring stop to do was. There's been another steep rise in the number of knife crimes in England or Wales the figures from the Office for National Statistics show that more than 44000 offenses were recorded in the year into June that's a 7 percent increase on the previous 12 months there was also an 11 percent rise in the number of robberies and fraud offenses went up by 15 percent. Samsung has admitted that a software flaw in its latest smartphones means they can.