One of the biggest names in the u.s. Television industry Also we'll go live to Cambodia head to tomorrow's election in which the world's longest serving prime minister is expected to triumph again people were excited before the 2013 election it was just you know set to be the most competitive in years ahead of this election there's nothing like that and here with me for the whole program are my 2 guests Dee Burkett writer filmmaker and former circus performer based in London and at his pain writer and global fellow in the Middle East program at the Wilson Center in Washington d.c. That's here on Weekend. But 1st the World News b.b.c. News I'm John Shea the directors of c.b.s. One of the major u.s. Television networks say they will investigate claims of sexual misconduct and intimidation against its chairman and chief executive Leslie Moonves 6 women have told The New Yorker magazine that Mr Moonves sexually harassed them has crossed Buchla Leslie Moonves has been a leading figure at the American network c.b.s. For almost 25 years with a track record for finding staus and developing his programs the New Yorker magazine says the 6 women claim among other things that Mr Moonves physically intimidated them forcibly touched him kissed them or threatened to wreck their careers the c.b.s. Boss has denied us a Louis has apologized for making some women uncomfortable in the way he made advances decades ago. The winner in Pakistan's general election Imran Khan has started preparations to form a coalition government after his p.t.i. Or Movement for Justice Party won the most seats in the National Assembly the p.t.i. Says it has the support of smaller coalition partners and independent parliamentarians a group of opposing political parties have rejected the election results leader of the group Maulana Fazlullah rather than called for demonstrations to prompt new elections the law and the hub are gonna gaily we will run a movement to hold new elections there will be protests a committee will be set up immediately which will chalk out a shed you'll going to workers and invite people to join in the Supreme Court in Ivory Coast has overturned a ruling which acquitted of the former 1st lady Simone bad both of crimes against humanity in the aftermath of political violence following the presidential election 80 years ago Richard Hell's reports Simone Bagwell was Ivory Coast's 1st lady for 11 years then a bitterly fought presidential election in 2010 between her husband Laurel and Allison Ouattara who won the vote plunged Ivory Coast into post-election violence which saw 3000 people killed in Abidjan alone she was accused of organizing death squads buying arms and shelling a market place in a pro Ouattara neighborhood of Abidjan and later she was jailed for 20 years for attacking state security the Supreme Court ruling now means Mrs backbone will face a retrial for crimes against humanity at a date to be announced. Big rallies are expected in Zimbabwe today on the last day of campaigning before Monday's presidential elections the 1st since Robert Mugabe was ousted from power last November his successor and former close colleague the Zanu p.f. Leader. Is hoping to legitimize his rule but he may be hampered by perceptions that he was too close to the Mugabe regime the leader of the main opposition m.d.c. Nelson Chamisa has expressed fears that the election like past ones may be rigged. This is the latest world news from the b.b.c. a Judge in California has urged the u.s. Immigration authorities to focus on finding the deported parents of 400 children separated from their families as they illegally crossed the border from Mexico judge Dana sub brought spoke out a day after it emerged that more than $700.00 children remain in custody despite the expiry of his own deadline for families to be reunited Mongolia is reported to have thwarted an attempt by Turkey to kidnap a Turkish citizen who's accused of having links with the u.s. Based cleric fettle argue learn them blames for a failed coup 2 years ago reports say the Mongolian authorizes grounded a suspected Turkish air force jet that had landers to pick up vessel x. Child who had been kidnapped on Friday morning. British members of parliament say the u.k. Is facing a Democratic crisis because of the spread of fake news a parliamentary committee report says voters are being systematically manipulated by campaigns which rely on hate and misinformation the report examines the use of data by pro Bracks of groups including vote leave during the e.u. Referendum campaign 2 years ago it follows the scandal ever Cambridge and a letter goes harvesting a Facebook data Laurie Catlin Jones has more details during the week the committee actually published a whole range of adverts produced by vote leave and believe cheering that home pay in which they said had not been visible before Facebook after a lot of prodding handed these adverts over to the committee they were going out of the time they were reaching millions of people the way the e.c. a Billboard on the street and it says Vote x. And you know it's Rob it's less clear online and that was their concern that there's no clarity there's no transparency and briefly millions of people have witnessed the longest lunar eclipse this century as the moon passed through shadow it's natural satellites turned a striking shade of red already brown b.b.c. News. It's 7 it was 60 Mt this is weekend from the b.b.c. World Service with me Celia Hatton coming up later how a black circus performer and owner in 1000 century England inspired one of the Beatles' most memorable songs. Benefit. From tell you more about the story behind for the benefit of Mr Kite and with us for the rest of the program until 730 g.m.t. Our our guests Dee Burkett She's a writer filmmaker and former circus performer based in London and he's saying he's a writer and global fellow in the Middle East program at the Wilson Center in Washington we'll hear more from them later but 1st following Harvey Weinstein and others in the u.s. Television and film industry new claims of sexual misconduct have surfaced this time against the chairman and chief executive of c.b.s. Leslie Moonves a New Yorker magazine article by Ronan Farrow details how the dozen women who say Mr Moonves acted inappropriately this came from Friday night's edition of the c.b.s. Evening news in news just out to night the New Yorker magazine is reporting that 6 women have accused c.b.s. Chairman and c.e.o. Leslie Moonves of sexual harassment there are also allegations that former c.b.s. News chairman and current 60 Minutes executive producer Jeff Fager allowed harassments. Chris buckler is our correspondent in Washington and I asked him What are the allegations against Les Mendes. He's one of the leading executives in u.s. Television he is an incredibly powerful incredibly influential man and he's been at c.b.s. Itself. Almost a quarter of a century about time he's created a huge number of hits he is very very well respected but these allegations that have been published by The New Yorker magazine they are very serious and they did back in some cases far as the 1980 s. Some go up to the limits to thaw isms an really some of the questions in them are very very serious religious men best answer so you have 6 women who've spoken to ruin and Pharo has been one of the leading journalist who's looked at the whole me to question he for example did that expose in Harvey Weinstein and he says of the 6 women that he spoke to for Describe forcible touching or kissing during business meetings and to say they physically intimidated them or threatened to try and wreck their careers in response Leslie Moonves has released a statement which he denies this but he does also say I recognize that there were times decades ago when I may have made some women uncomfortable by making advances those were mistakes and I regret the moments Lee but I always understood and respected and abided by the principle that no means no and I have never misused my position to harm or hinder anyone's career this does put Leslie Moonves in an uncomfortable position doesn't it because he was involved he's been involved in the Miti a movement as the movement really picked up steam after allegations against Harvey Weinstein came to light yet he's been one of the leading supporters in terms of the industry in fact helped find one of the one of the groups which is called the Commission on eliminating sexual harassment and advancing a quality in the workplace and of course that's what makes these accusations so par full and so difficult for him personally there's also some issues as well as far as c.b.s. Is concerned because c.b.s. Has found itself with a number of situations that it's having to deal with because these accusations don't just go to Leslie Moonves they also go to a number of other people within the. Organization they also make accusations within this this piece in The New Yorker against Jeff Fager who's the chairman of c.b.s. News they question the way c.b.s. News and c.b.s. Itself has handle some allegations of harassment and sexual misconduct and there are serious questions for c.b.s. As an organization here Bates who released a statement they say that all a geisha is of personal misconduct are to be taken seriously and the independent directors of c.b.s. Have committed to investigating claims that violate the company's clear policies in that regard it's worth noting that c.b.s. Is she has dropped notably on the talk about this New Yorker article being published it was before it was actually published and of course will be someone c.b.s. Will be concerned because Leslie Moonves is seen as such a big figure a such a big leader within that organization Chris Buckley speaking to me from Washington d.c. It's 710 g.m.t. You're listening to Weekend on the b.b.c. World Service a national election will take place in Cambodia tomorrow but the outcome is almost a certainty the current prime minister who can stand has done away with almost all credible opposition so he's running in a defacto one horse race one cent is the world's longest serving prime minister having been in office for 33 years on Friday he celebrated the outlawing of Kemba as the largest opposition party the c.n.r. P a large rally saying traitors had been eliminated several former see an r.p. Members inside Cambodia who urged a boycott of the vote on Sunday had been fined more than $2000.00 each Julia Wallace is the New York Times correspondent in Cambodia and she joins us now from stung Treng a province in northern Cambodia Juliet What's the mood like do you think is going to be a large turnout on Sunday. That's the question everybody's wondering about it's certainly it's very quiet and it's one of the most quiet elections I've seen here people are really just very nervous very afraid about what might happen if they tried to try to not go and vote and boycott the election the government has made it clear that that want these and that especially in rural areas where everyone knows you know they're told they must go and have purple ink on their finger which is the sign of voting here in Cambodia so there's a huge amount of pressure for people to go to drum up the turnout I don't get a sense that a lot of people are actually keen to go vote you know of their own accord so it's a really big open question you know what exactly if turnout will be last election one year ago the record turnout of 90 percent there was huge excitement I'm not really sensing that kind of excitement this time around is it possible to go and vote and spoil the ballot or vote for one of the very very small opposition parties or is that not really an option it is an option and that's something that we're going to be looking really closely at tomorrow you know how many ballots are spoiled and how many people are voting for some of the really small parties that have popped up but one fear that a lot of people have is that there are really no independent electoral monitors right now by far the biggest group of monitors come from the major youth groups in Cambodia which is run by a Prime Minister Hun Sen's son and many other directly from the ruling party so people might you know see who's counting the ballots can be nervous even to try that or there might you know there might be some shenanigans surrounding what exactly is counted as a split vote so that's also very up in the air truly you know referenced fear and anxiety when you travel around Cambodia and you speak to ordinary people do you feel that they they feel that they can really speak to you openly about what's going on. Sometimes but this is very striking because in terror from began his crackdown late last year I felt that Kennedy ns were very free and open with how they would speak about politics I never got a sense that anyone was afraid and that's really changed in the last 10 months and now you know it's very hard for me to find people to just give different women their opinion and very simple things like are you going to vote and have it be printed which has never happened before so people are still talking but in caged in coded way is the kind of openness and trust that was a hallmark of society here for a little while very fading away and you just briefly why have you decided to go to stem training in northern Cambodia's are something special in that province to do with the election. Not for the flooding here from allow stem that broke a few days ago so we had to check that out. Talk to people affected by the flooding and also see how that might impact the voting in the elections and how people are getting to the polls here Ok Well thank you that was Julia well as she's the New York Times correspondent in Cambodia she was speaking to us from Stone training in northern Cambodia where the last election to be held in Cambodia was in 2013 and in that year the now banned c.n.r. P opposition when a large portion of the vote giving them a sizeable $55.00 seats in parliament the B.B.C.'s Kevin put Naya covered that vote in Cambodia people were excited before the 2013 election it was set to be the most competitive in years 2 major opposition parties had united to form one united front to take on the ruling c.p.p. Of Hunston the opposition leader a man called Sam Rainsy had been in exile in France to avoid a conviction in Cambodia he was given a royal pardon and he flew back into the country a few days before the election and massive crowds were that agreed and they lined the road in Phnom Penh from the center. Of town to the airport ahead of this election there's nothing like that his party the sea an r.p. Which came close to winning the election is not a take part so that kind of excitement and feeling that there might be a real competition and you know the government might change or at least there's some debate over which way the country is going and that there might be some you know some real changes and you know issues it's at stake that's not there this time there are some who say that the last election before this one was actually really really close and the opposition came very very close to to winning that election and that's why one sen really panicked a bit shut down the main opposition party shut down some of the more outspoken newspapers and really kind of made himself the only candidate do you think there's any any truth to that so the last major election were sort of local elections are called Common Council elections in the middle of last year and those elections are for whoever will run the thousands of local communes around the country and the see an r.p. The opposition party did really well that they want to about 44 percent of the vote and Cambodian observers will say that that was a clear turning point and one sen clearly decided or perhaps realised that he was going to have a real fight in his hands in the national elections this year and so we've seen a real crackdown over the last year since that vote on a wider sort of regional scale Some say that really Cambodia is caught in between 2 huge regional giants China and Japan how is this playing out in Cambodian politics . So Japan is a historic part of Cambodia after the Camero era in the 1970 s. And the ongoing war in the 1980 s. Japan was one of the key international players that helped to bring democracy to Cambodia and it has given a lot of aid billions of dollars over the over the years have been given has been given to Cambodia from Japan obviously Japan it is a vibrant democracy and professes to stand up for democracy with its partners overseas in Cambodia it sent a slightly different message to some of its Western allies the u.s. In the e.u. Have refused to recognize this election whereas Japan has still been offering some help they've been offering some money and analysts say that's because Cambodia now receives hundreds of millions of dollars from the Chinese investment every other Chinese are by far the biggest investors and so analysts look at this situation they say Japan does not want to lose influence in Cambodia and in wider Southeast Asia and therefore it's staying in gage where the u.s. And the e.u. And so if the u.s. And the e.u. Don't recognize the results of this Sunday's election what would the consequences be for Cambodia Well they've already said that they view this this election as illegitimate but what they'll actually do to punish unsent is unclear so the e.u. Sent a mission to Cambodia earlier this month to analyze the situation and they threaten basically to take away the benefit that Cambodia gets at the moment which is that it can export its goods to the e.u. Without having to pay tariffs that is a huge boon to the Cambodian economy if they would it take that benefit away it would hurt normal people so they're reluctant to do it on the u.s. Side they've threatened to sanction individuals from traveling to the United States so far they've only targeted a few people but some lawmakers in the u.s. Congress a calling for one cent himself to be banned from entering the u.s. It seems unlikely that they do that but if they've already said the election is illegitimate they may decide it's worth it. That was Kevin Well let's open up the discussion on Cambodia to my 2 guests deeper kit and his saying let's look at elections in general I mean do you think it's worth participating in an election if the outcome is all but certain is it worth going through that process yes as a general principle yes I say that because we make the mistake of looking at elections. And in themselves and they're not elections are process democracy is a process what matters more are the values that underpin a democratic culture and what elections provide us with. Is an opportunity to debate and discuss what an open society means what gender equality looks like what the freedom of press ought to be what the rule of law should be and when elections are rigs in the way that the Combating election clearly is it allows for the opposition movement and the global media to zoom in on that and have that conversation and I think as a general principle even if it's not a free and fair election it's bright for the opposition party to be engaged in the way that we saw in the elections in Pakistan and I think it's interesting that the u.k. That the European and the u.s. Position is to disengage from Cambodia where the Japanese position is much more nuanced and Japan's a democracy in Japan's taken the view that engagement and slow reform is better than the kind of. Revolutionary it's all free and fair and democratic or it's not the kind of binary that we often wish to impose on the rest of the world it's interesting that you bring up the elections and in Pakistan I know that one analyst in Pakistan said this week you know the solution to flawed democracy is more and more and more democracy that's we we just continually try to improve the system do you would you think well I think there's a great danger if you have false democracy where if you present a ballot box and people then I. As if it's a real decision and it isn't a real decision I think then you undermine people's faith in democracy itself and Your Future of being actually people being empowered by a ballot box which is what they should is really endangered democracy or democratic system is a very complicated beast it's not just about. A ballot box it's not just about a simple vote and we've got lots of examples both currently and in historically where votes have made no difference at all democracy is about press freedom human rights open government rule of law or peace war isn't an enemy of democracy so it has to be all of those elements and there's a long list of things that make a democratic system a ballot box is only one on that list and if it's the only one I don't think we can call it a democratic choice or meaningful choice in any way and I think we need to divorce the word. Democracy from what's happening so people don't lose confidence in the democratic system but what often happens then and we've seen this. In multiple countries play out is that the dictator or the winner then is able to cast out the opposition and say the patriotic the traitors they are outsiders and in this case the opposition leader is rightly based in Paris and what you don't allow is for the country or countries to be handed over to the wrong forces and there's no participation inside the system and I think as I say as a general principle opposition parties with all the constraints ought to participate but in in specific circumstances when there were the use of torture or the use of violence or a real threat lives and obviously don't participate as a general point we ought to Ok Well thank you thank you both for your thoughts on that it is 23 minutes past the hour you're listening to Weekend on the b.b.c. World Service We're going to take you back in time now about 100. In 50 years in fact Pablo funkier was a black circus performer who ran one of the most successful circuses of the 19th century here in Britain nearly a 100 years after his death the Beatles put him in a song called for the benefit of Mr Kite. And. John Lennon was inspired to write the song after he picked up a leaflet advertising the circus in an antique shop Professor Vanessa Tillman of Sheffield University here in the u.k. Has been studying leaflets or play bills like the one John Lennon saw and she's helped organize an exhibition of them which are now on display in the West and park museum in Sheffield the show was called Circus Show of Shows and Professor Toolman joins us from Sheffield So professor who was power and what do we know about his life Templar was a very interesting character for many years was you know anything about his life until an academic coach until about 20 years ago just loved the search and his father we think where he was born in knowledge and to have he was wonderfully children his father was plucked his mother was white at the age of 7 he was apprenticed to a circus the crash occurred within Darby which he used his name for many years and the 1st time such as it is he was a vote Walker and the gym so he would jump from Paul Sr was his as it were. And it's awful they just 7. Do you think those celebrating the role of of public is a bit problematic because you know some circuses were called freak shows they they they involve people with with disabilities or people who painted themselves black or called themselves savages do you think that we can really hold up Pablo functors involvement of this as the circuses as a contribution to equality I think you're talking about the wrong kind of circumstantial thing about British circus which invention 760 I wish to have any of those aspects or say Merrick and circus tradition so their case extradition didn't have frictions there is a separate judicial didn't happen shows these patients Trisha was invented by fear that are straight and and the question the horse was a main competitor and popular funk was one of the greatest the question writers were 19th century I think in the terms of the sexes that I started they say and then scholarship of the ring there is war and there is one respect and ties scale and. So I can. Think I'm going to bring de Berkut in now because you're nodding vigorously you're a former circus performer yourself and I know that you you're still involved in in looking at the history of circuses. In what would you have to say about the image of the circus Well the circus is always been incredibly inclusive and diverse it is time with specially here in the u.k. Agonize about how we can make the arts in general. More a Maldive a us. Both in terms of the performers and the audiences we should be looking to circus in the history of circus the women in the circus ring long before the women in the in the sit a because they want to loud form in the Citizen those women who want went to the circus ring. Was a. Very powerful that man in in the 19th century he began as a performer but he became a very big circus proprietor also at the fantastic exhibition in Sheffield that Professor Vanessa. Has put on we've got the wonderful de Gaulle painting of Miss La law the Nando very famous painting of a she's hanging by her teeth the circus artist this is a 19th century black woman financially physically powerful look at her she can see her legs. If you've gone out into the street at that time every woman would have been in a corset and a skirt down to the ground this is the radical place a circus and it's always been quite radical who's included and who's been able to be powerful within it and Pappa Thank was one of those 1st examples and also let's go back to you can you tell us more about this distinction between the the the circus the history of the circus in America and the history of the circus in the u.k. And elsewhere. Where it was invented over to gather intelligence upset the current international within 5 years so within 5 years circus was in 12 different countries suspects crunch America 79 to the wreckage. What charities what happens. Is circus takes on the question aspects of the society which inside always think of it so circus in America and the rural areas is very much dominated by animals and women are traditionally very sensitive I could have an archery and circus comes together Ok Well thank you that you're listening to the b.b.c. World Service and tonight this money and power from the b.b.c. World Service dot com slash money and power I'm Caroline Bailey and in global business I'm reporting from Taiwan once known as an Asian tiger economy recent growth has been more sluggish I think we might have gotten too complacent for the past 2 decades we've had a good run on semiconductor and the computer electronics industries but I think we've knickknack to the fact that China is rising so can Taiwan adapt find out in global business after the news if you see News I'm John one of the major u.s. Television networks is investigating allegations of sexual misconduct against its chief executive 6 women say Leslie Moonves of c.b.s. Has harassed them he's admitted making some women feel uncomfortable but he denies sexual assault talks are underway in Pakistan to form a coalition government the p.t.i. Party led by Imran Khan emerged as the largest in Wednesday's election it doesn't have an overall majority and says it's got the backing of smaller groups the former governing party has rejected the vote as rigged the former 1st lady of Ivory Coast is to face another trial for crimes against humanity Simone Barbeau was acquitted in March of charges linked to the violence that followed the 2010 election when asked by a long back vote refused to admit that he had lost. The final campaign rallies are taking place in Zimbabwe ahead of Monday's presidential elections the vote is the 1st since Robert Mugabe was ousted last November the u.s. Judge who ordered the reunification of migrant families separated by the trumpet ministrations 0 tolerance policy said the author is trying to focus on finding the parents who were deported after the separation about 400 children had their parents sent back after crossing the u.s. Mexican border a Venezuelan opposition leader has escaped to Colombia Jose Manuel Oliver has said he and his family members have been threatened by Secret Service agents Mr Ali virus is the latest opposition figure to flee the country in Britain a parliamentary committee has warned that democracy is facing a crisis because of fake news and called for tighter regulation of social media companies it had examined the use of data and extent of foreign interference in British politics and the longest lunar eclipse of the century has been witnessed by millions of people across the globe people in the southern hemisphere had the best news b.b.c. News. We are in the downtown we are in the center of the Taipei but actually of the house I saw all day and like 40 years old building there Jessica who is describing the view from the 19th floor of the office block question works in Taipei the capital of Taiwan Mind you many would think 40 years isn't that old in my previous job why visit lots of the Asia capital talking or saw Singapore or Shanghai for sure and they have the whole new look but in time one is really slow. I'm Caroline Bailey and in this edition of global business on the b.b.c. World Service I'm reporting from Taiwan which was one of the 4 so-called Asian tigers with its economy built on high tech manufacturing but has for Taiwan Tiger lost its rule I met up with Jessica at Microsoft's offices where she works as a business development manager she's decided to move to China for the 2nd time in her career and I sensed she was feeling rather despondent about her future in Taiwan as we looked out over a sea of grey a quite low rise apartment blocks on a residential It looks to me you're right you're right and what you would like to see all of this ripped down and shiny new buildings but they're instead on the speaking ears to me yes we say we are Asian tiger or we have very good semiconductor age or we have the very best the computer in a war while but this is the oldest things and we look past but now the future if you look back to the 980 s. When the country was very successful Yes and if we want to look at a new saying we need to reboot of this. Yet you don't hear much reference to Asian tiger or Dragon as it was also known in Taiwan any longer the 4 Asian tigers South Korea Hong Kong and Singapore as well as Taiwan also all rapid growth in the 2nd half of the 20th century Taiwan's economy isn't struggling but average growth rates this century a drifting lower last year the economy grew by 2.8 percent and it faces increased competition from China one thing that's really hit home is stagnant wages for the past 2 decades which are only just beginning to improve the Right now fears of a brain drain of young talent out of the country to China and elsewhere I think we might have gotten too complacent for the past 2 decades this is Jason she form a businessman and now opposition politician for Taiwan's k n Tea Party we've had a good run on semiconductor and the computer I've tried it industries but I think we've been neglecting the fact that China is rising and we cannot compete with the labor cost and it seems that we didn't do enough to integrate ourselves in a regional economy and also we didn't make a successful transition from a how where Mera fracturing basic heart of the 2 way digital economy and more innovation based economy let's pause and rewind for a moment here. The the what made Taiwan an Asian tiger in the 1st place Dr Norman Pang is Taiwanese but he's currently a reader in marketing at Westminster business school in London looked up back in the 1906 days. At those days the government are saying what your family should be your factory especially females my grandmother's generation when they take home some small projects from the factories and the home they're desperate times they still have their other robes but then they could make a contribution to the family income so the economy start to pick up and the females starting to earn a wage what was Taiwan making we're talking that we're talking about what toys we're talking about small anything that an unskilled worker can learn within a day maybe packaging food maybe packaging gifts so history to the United States exported to Europe so they would those kind of things I mean it's unskilled and by then the labor intensive but then the night is seventy's things started to change in the government realize that while this business model may need to be revised that was when Taiwan started sending their engineering graduates to the United States to be trained in top American technology companies they then returned home and with the support of Taiwan's government set up their own companies manufacturing was becoming far more skilled as companies began making integrated circuit chips or i.c. Chips a collection of electronic components in a tiny chip we started to produce i.c. Chips and that has a huge benefit to our income as are for revenues and that made the government more convinced that this is the route we're going to and this was chips to go into computers chips going to computers going to radios going to Walkmans even telephones so that's the early days that's not a $74.00 so we make excellent i.c. Chips we make a large number much better than our competitors then in 1987 Morris Chang founded t s m c which is still a leading maker of semiconductor chips in the world today parts that now go into small phones for example in computers and it's the most valuable company in Taiwan . After more than 30 years Morris Chang officially retired last month what t.s.m. See achieved was to build up a business that didn't design chips of its own but made them for other companies worldwide which would then not need to build expensive factories for themselves they produce the products for other company so we have they have the flexibility but also in terms of quality they need to be excellent they need to be done at the top and they also need to invest in research and development continuously in order to stay on top that's why ts emcees is the one and why it is the best company in the world in this particular area so in the 1980 s. With the semiconductor industry that really gave the drive to Taiwan's economy yes I think there also because of the capabilities that we've built up a sense that in seventy's and also in the sixty's helps our talents to be able to extend into other areas they started to branch out and then of course made $11.00 of the best to produce electronic goods at a relatively cheap price can you put a a rough date on the peak of being an Asian tiger oh say probably the 198529095 these are very important years and as those old enough will remember the Made in Taiwan label was seen on so many consumer goods in the 1970 s. And eighty's Taiwan became and delays an export driven economy but let's return to the present opposition politician Jason Schieffer Taiwan's canned Tea Party was a technology entrepreneur in Silicon Valley in the u.s. And in Taiwan before he joined parliament although he recognizes the strength of Taiwan Semiconductor and computer manufactories he's concerned that China is forging ahead in other areas if you look at today's China Internet or the software industry is really what drives the country forward and the whole artificial intelligence. And all these things are really driving the country but I want to somehow lagging behind and so what we need is really a one shot project you know 30 years ago semiconductor wars are more in shop project by now what is our next economic pillar you know it won't be another semiconductor industry you want to be a nodder computer industry I think we need to really figure out what that is to understand it from a fundamental value with Ts and c. The the big semiconductor manufacturing company that's overtaken Intel hit the American chip maker is that not enough it is still strong it's going to remain strong for the next one or 2 decades for sure but I think if you look at the trajectory of the industry I think we need to start figuring out what's next before it's too late. There's another challenge which Taiwan is facing when I spoke to Jessica who was we looked out across Taipei at the beginning of this program she told me she was planning to move to Shanghai in China where she sees much better career prospects as well as the chance to earn a higher salary she's part of a trend in Taiwan young people are heading across the strait to China prompting fears of a talent shortage at home and China makes it easy for them why can't you really develop your career here in Taiwan it's such a developed economy it developed far earlier than mainland China so you're not the only one who wants to go to mainland China I've met lots of people who say very similar things but what I can't quite understand is what's wrong with Taiwan I will say what's wrong but I will say this structure because Time Money is a small island and the economic boost is around like 30 years ago and most of the managers level they are around like 50. Years or what they are still young enough to state their position but to me I am certify at the Right now I'm have the potential I'm good at my current job but I don't have the opportunity to get promoted because they are there in a day out still not there all in the 2nd is a domestic market is question more so there is no room for us to expand our own career path but min and China is different they are economic boost star from like 10 years ago so this in of course they have very big domestic market is so they have the room for that Jessica says that the economy in Taiwan suffers from overregulation which she believes is holding back development in digital industries However I did wonder whether she felt at all guilty about heading to China which has made no secret of its belief that the Democratic self ruled Island as a way would province that it wants to reclaim recently some international companies of found that if they want to do business in China they have to make sure they don't refer to Taiwan as a separate country on their websites by going to mainland China you betraying Taiwan in some sense a low or even though I would say something bad about Taiwan got Morne. Regulation these changes to swallow the steel we enjoyed the democracy freedom in Taiwan because I was there I was in mainland China I can feel those limited especially like social media it is different from if you work in USA or a Singapore is difference between men and China you have to avoid those conflicts and especially when my Chinese colleague x. Those political question is very hard to answer in my mind I have one. Story but because that is the working environment or you need to deal with those Chinese customer you have another story here so where do you stand on the position of Taiwan would you like Taiwan to be independent or do you see a one China policy which is obviously what mainland China sees and once this is a very interesting question because I was a maybe 5 years ago I would say I want to. Unify but reason to leave I will say I want Taiwan become independent. You know because I was there I was him in one China I can see the difference I want independence so you must feel quite conflicted because you want to go and work there and China is encouraging young people from Taiwan to move to the mainland it's making it quite easy for people to do that and you're willing to go so are you being drawn in. Oh is it that is the smart move I mean China is really smart move actually that young generation I mean younger them mean like the 20 or 30 in telling we calling natural independent How ever no matter Taiwan economic or Taiwan Garman or the 2 parties at least they need to earn the Marnie's so they need to move to China or somewhere else but China is easy way compared to United States or other country so when they move to there they see the opportunity all my friends are in China right now most of the 90 percent they are willing to stay here. But let's leave Taipei for the moment and cross the strait China. And that the Alibaba center in Shanghai everything here is orange the walls the big welcome sign Alibaba is one of the huge Chinese Internet companies it's very influential I'm here to meet Francis and he is from Taiwan here I say. Francis Cowan is investment director of innovation ventures his role is to invest in businesses and startups using Alibaba as vast cash flow he's in his thirty's and has worked in China for 5 years his wife is from mainland China and he has no plans to return home any time soon what does he think changed for Taiwan and its economy in the past I wonder was that one the biggest money for her for umbrella 4 crore for bicycles and the for computer and for computer chips so forth one is free for there will be able to place in a small purse and the sale of goods all the priests to a different country in the ward I think the war economic change become the digitalized for Taiwan is a small market small produce no new turn. Dreaminess people is very hard to support and create a huge intern accompanied Ottaway can Taiwan do anything can it do anything to stop the brain drain or can it do anything to try and improve its economy I was there are in the short term it is very hard to change the course if you have choice right you know if you give in Taiwan if you can speak English fluently you can work in the us you can work in China you can work in so it is Asia you can work at a different purses so for the burn journey if you tie one cannot create a better opportunity for these people it's very hard to keep in there but if and they want to improve the situation I was there probably a warning condone throng Israel very interested in a role model right some more priests and those who have a lot of the best are intended to take a knowledge you. Could of people about quality and the text phone for very young they talk about entropy no ship allowed in this room there's a probably is one way to see it to become a Innovation Center in Asia. Back in Taipei Gordon's son is director of the Taiwan Institute of Economic Research he tells me where he thinks Taiwan diverged from the other Asian tigers or dragons as he calls them in 1980 s. There are 4 dragons in Asia bagger Korea Taiwan Hong Kong and Singapore but Hong Kong Singapore they transformed the economic structure from manufacturer to service so now you can see many service business in Hong Kong or Singapore because they are sitting in another dragon South Korea being 998 South Korea faced a financial crisis Asia financial crisis so I mean if South Korea business Rich it's hard. 2 big one so you know there are a few big businesses in South Korea by the same song Ritchie. So their competitiveness is their 1st then our small business Taiwan didn't modernize they didn't change in the way that South Korea Hong Kong and Singapore did they transform the industrial structure or economic structure to service or to big business each and Chen is deputy managing editor of Commonwealth magazine in Taiwan she believes that any Gratian is the reason why the service sector hasn't developed more quickly and that people are now working outside around a when median not even China so I was Sailor domesticity consumption the crease a large interests of learned population is the one parts a 2nd part is I think we start openness to other companies so you would like to see more service industries moving into Taiwan from outside if the terror by nature industry as a sample after in 1000 my 2000 I didn't see at a lot of banks getting to Taiwan so we need to have more openness to the markets how do people feel about the economy in Taiwan because when you look at the statistics the economy is growing it's not really struggling but people don't seem very positive about it. I see the people are grooming you our vision is definitely correct so the people feeling is the Earth's Ellery's is now growing for young generation and they are looking for also experience us opportunity instead of staying in Taiwan so if the young generation like to move outside Taiwan acing their parents are worried about that if their children can. Not as they was then so there are underlying issues but Taiwan is of course fighting back it has many successful small and medium sized businesses and like almost everywhere you go these days it does have its own digital and Internet entrepreneurs I went to meet a few of them. And what's the question here that's going to solve this problem is our art related Benson Yes he is an electrical engineering professor at national Taiwan University and he's having time out to develop his educational gaming company Bania he's giving me a demonstration the concept is simple if you get the answer right you win more land Yeah so I didn't write the Ok so we created them and show us a way was the net but it was the old. Way of what they were a stock of ideas that he believes passionately in education and getting young people more engaged in learning which is where this computer game comes in as children play online against each other and even that teaches the game is used for corporate training too they have a branch in Shanghai and a focusing on the Southeast Asia market at the moment and currently employ 60 people but how is Benson yeah found setting up a digital company like this in Taiwan with its tradition of high tech manufacturing where we talk about you know vision people in Taiwan government is a day it does treat people care more about the innovation of took an hour but what we are doing as we develop this new software and we introduce a new way as a teacher this is innovation of occasion that group or at the air b.n. B. Does that all innovation of new applications that all online businesses exactly I think to discredit it was the of a community of our star founders and their right of articles. And they also or give suggestion to the government sizing we do see the trend is gradually changing the government is a more and more we look at more resource to or software or maybe also pick Asian innovations but we still hope there is a change to be quicker because we don't have that much time to wait next stop is an accelerator company which brings on Early Start ups and you could be forgiven for thinking that tech entrepreneurs are all rather obsessed with coffee thank you the 1st thing you see when you come into this office is the coffee and it's a tech workspace owned by flags and you walk in and the reception desk is talking about. Kevin Chan is from Hong Kong and is an example of talent coming in rather than going out of Taiwan he set up a taxi hailing company called Taxi go and is on an accelerated program giving him free work space and the possibility of investment in his company after 6 months the taxi firm sounds similar in principle to companies like except customers can use some existing messaging services to book rights on their phones. Well special part of our platform is that you can order it Frew face with Messenger and line. Messaging app the special part about it is that you don't need to download a separate smartphone application most people already have fly on to cell phones so they can just open the application and just add a coward to it and they can start ordering a taxi for us would you plan to take this taxi company somewhere else beyond Taiwan this year we are focusing on Taiwan but I think for the next year our words we're hoping that we can take it outside of Taiwan or maybe into Japan or Thailand where line is popular How easy is it to set up a business in Taiwan in terms of setting up a company it's actually quite easy if your funding are mostly from Taiwan but if you're looking for a foreign investment so if you're brain you money from Hong Kong or overseas then you have to go through a process where it is treated as sources of your money because they're very sensitive about where the money actually come from mainland China. I also met Tina Lynn a tap works she and her brother have set up a company which sells digital assets such as apps or applications a sort of 2nd hand online marketplace for digital businesses educated in the u.s. They've both come home to Taiwan to do this why I ask for logic reason you know my family's here but for starters both think that it's fun to be in a smaller and growing economy instead of being somewhere that's already huge and established how do you see Taiwan's economy people talk about it having been an Asian tiger one of the for a not being so any longer. As we were tiger before right now or maybe a sleeping pattern or even Pam Fessler panel which is the only city slower and just you know like when we were one of the Asia tigers there were a lot of huge giant tech company who you know people are the whole economy of Taiwan and they're still up and running they're still doing great right now so I think right now we just need a couple of dollars and that would probably take us and how is the economy back around again and what about the future does Dr Norman pang of Westminster business school think Taiwan can be an Asian tiger again personally I don't think we should go back to those old is why is that when the Asian tiger days I mean it was Korea is in many ways but a lot of the policies which have been by the government and the government say well we want labor intensive lime in effect just that we do that and also we want to do technology does and now we put all our resources to that we centralised policy so it's probably not good enough for today's environment businesses are changing so fast and the governments there bureaucracy is a big machines so what if they got things wrong what if they are too slow to react what should Taiwan do or want to focus more on knowledge economy but also we want to focus more on service economy. And terms of creativity's I think the government needs to think about how can we attract young talents or talents to come back Taiwan's economy is still growing but the heady days of the 1970 s. Eighty's and ninety's and now a long time ago it faces a period of transition as a condom is around the world become more digital and giant Internet companies hold sway many people I've spoken to say that Taiwan needs a new groundbreaking industry that's not happened yet but low wages have made its young people restless and keeping them at home is a major challenge is that tempted to move to China and elsewhere let's hear finally from Benson yay again the educational gaming entrepreneur and university professor you know it was Reza watch that is just do that and eventually we lost the other part of the world you know that's really is that of course as a teacher I pray that one day I was through the good comeback for all part of what the tire while I was going to something great something big but big impact as the trail but teacher and no doubts that's Taiwan's training to. Global business was produced and presented by me town on Bailey before the news we look at a controversial plan for money and power from the b.b.c. This is a recreational thing there were 6 in the middle of the shopping center and if the current owners a small Central American nation is just no one barking in a very peculiar political experiment series the heart that asks whether a privatized system can really help an impoverished country the private cities of 100 year risk at b.b.c. World Service dot com slashed money and power. And in 30 minutes the cultural front line with Tina Dickey can't tragedy last in death inspired by great town the right ally who Fraser takes us to the mountains of Mexico's Guerrero state where violence disappearances emerge at least alongside the hub of artistic creativity Stay with us the world of this week is next this is the b.b.c. World Service the world's radio station. Hello I'm sure Les and welcome to the world this week the program that tells you how the world has changed in the past 7 days this was the week when a former cricketer won Pakistan's election and I did this impish But despite all of the difficulties we contested this election and I thank God that we were successful and we were given a mandate. But is the Army on Iran's team the week when Israel shot down a Syrian jet it has another country in its sights we will not allow the Iranians to be at their bases next with well we have a policy without an agreement and a week of defections from the president's party in Nigeria also why Cuba's new constitution threatens the old guard and it was. Yesterday that planes went all the way into the sea it was absolutely incredible in a week of wildfires in Greece and the Arctic Circle we examine why it's just so hot all that after this b.b.c. News I'm John Shea the u.s. Television network c.b.s. Says it's investigating claims of sexual misconduct against its chairman and chief executive Leslie Moonves 6 women have told The New Yorker magazine that Mr Moonves sexually harassed them in the eighty's and ninety's they say their careers suffered because they rejected his advances Mr Moonves denied the accusations of assault but he apologized for making some women uncomfortable as Chris Parker.