Transcripts for BBC World Service BBC World Service 20181216 130000

A rescue team in Pakistan has recovered the body of a woman who was allegedly buried alive in a well by her brother's Shaheed a baby's mother alerted police saying her sons were trying to rid the family of evil forces on the instructions of a spiritual healer the 2 men are now in police custody Rescuers spent 30 hours trying to reach her with brakes when they ran out of oxygen cylinders. And that's the latest b.b.c. World news. Hello and welcome to News after the b.b.c. World Service We're coming to you live from London I'm James bananas and we're going to start today with the agreement to late last night at the climate conference in Poland a deal essentially on how to put the 2015 Paris agreement into action that was a global agreement to limiting warming to within 2 degrees of pre-industrial times and for the world to become climate neutral between 2050 and the end of the century in other words to stop producing more greenhouse gases than we can absorb it was also an agreement on getting rich countries to help poorer ones that depth to climate change and switch to renewables something that delegates in Poland have still been grappling with there are many though who say all this is too little too late more on that in a moment but 1st our science editor David Sugarman on what has been achieved. The centerpiece of the agreement in Can't of it say is what's called a rulebook this is a set of guidelines under which the Paris Agreement which was agreed 3 years ago effectively takes shape this is a deal that puts flesh on the bones of Paris by actually setting out how countries need to declare and calculate their reductions in there and missions of the gases that are warming the planet so that there can be a system for verifying whether they've kept to their promises of what they say they're going to do by way of cuts so it is significant that there is now this common set of rules for all the countries taking part in this process previously Up until now there's been a slightly random process of governments declaring what they intend to do that now should be all sorted out in the coming few years so that is progress of a sort Yes How quickly will all this be put into action Well the Paris agreement actually comes into force it was meant to in 2020 he said The idea is to have these rules framed in time for that and to give countries time between now and 2020 to finalize their carbon reduction plans now of course all of this I should say is voluntary so we'll have to see how many countries actually do what they say they're going to do by way of reducing carbon So who will be the sort of climate change police that make you sure always happens are the people on cheating Well there's no police force there's no in force and this definitely no mechanism to any kind of punishment all there really is a system of peer pressure the government the un hopes will feel embarrassed if they've said one thing and then being found to do another they've ignored the whole thing altogether. As I say the hope is that governments may may feel a sense of shame if they made a promise which say they haven't kept but that's how the whole system works because when they try it in the past to have a system of obligations many countries didn't want to take part and we always go back to this but of course the u.s. Has withdrawn from the pirates agreement it is the 2nd biggest emitter in the world I mean that remains a huge problem doesn't it it is a big problem because everybody in a sense looks to America as the world's largest economy and as you say the 2nd largest for a lead on this process and certainly the involvement in leadership shown by President Obama in his time did make a big difference to the possibility of achieving the parish agreement but interestingly the Americans had a delegation in kind of weeks a and by all accounts they actually played quite a constructive role in many regards and one explain nation for this is that they Merican team want to keep an eye on what China is doing it doesn't want to see a system developing a rule book developing that suits China but not America just in case President Trump reverse it is his decision to leave and comes back in and perhaps they're looking further ahead at whether a future American president would bring the u.s. Back into the fold there was a science editor David Sugarman well on the line is Lawrence to be on a key architect of the Paris Agreement 3 years ago now with the European Climate Foundation welcome to the program 1st of all your reaction to the agreement in Poland will it get done what you want to see get done in other words implement the powers agreement. Yes These cops in cattle reach she has to deliver a crucial element which is exactly so hold book so that all countries accept to follow and that was a central piece and it has been completed with was what I see a lot of procedure and of course a big big and. Very different framework now because now all countries are bound to the same rules and in one framework even the big liked China or India or others that aren't accepted to be in the same framework Zend developed countries and this is a major Grex who of course this doesn't mean that action would be delivered but at least we will have a way to check and verify and this is a very important element as we see more and more a sound pressure from a business easier N.G.O.s international community and other countries are finally playing a very useful role in England and in Paris let me bring in our lives Hutchens is the director of campaigns or to the group Friends of the liturgies welcome to News Hour what's your problem with what was agreed in Poland where we think despite a huge threat to climate change poses to the very few manically really are the kind of the conference prior to respond to the emergency room and I think like Cisco in pace of action that's needed and there are 2 really big problems one was that the conference failed to. Ratchet up the scale of ambition of action it's needed so absolutely clear that we need to keep the world temperature rises to 1.5 degrees and this conference has not acted with wild leaders coming together to say that going to take action. To excuse that and secondly the rubric that Lawrence talk. About is riddled with holes that main say richest countries the most responsible for driving a pollution is causing climate change are going to be absent off the hook for paying for a action that's needed in poor countries to help them leapfrog some of the mistakes that we might like burning coal. To help them to adapt to the impacts of climate change that now can't be avoided how will that about how will they get off the hook exactly well as a rule book and I know is he's absolutely right to to step forward that there's a kind of a unified set of rules for everyone to the problem is in the technical detail is that. Developed countries for example are going to be able to. Make decisions about the kind of financial resources that they put forward about you know whether loans will be counted as part of stick the grants that are available to poor countries that also has very detailed financial mechanisms that rich countries can use to. Essentially not to live off a scale of financial support that's needed for countries that did the least to coast this problem and those countries need money to support them to adapt and to go look up and but they also need to have support from the kind of intellectual property that has been generated in often in the in the West things like the technology needed for a new bull energy we need to unlock that to make that available for everybody because this is a global threat that needs its local response and it current We can't leave the solutions in the hands of the market mechanism let me come back oh man I was just reminded reminded about me the comments from the Egyptian chair of the g $77.00 and China blockers are the developing countries are also. Been relegated to 2nd class status is he right. It seems to me as as we need more negotiation wrestle Rick I'm totally agree in any way on these so this will look doesn't mean that countries will deliver action and in a way we know that the important element is releasing crease action and already finish and on many more ambitious action plan by 2020 so I was not there certainly expecting this to happen this year 00 I was really wanting this to be achieved as a rule because a number of countries says we can't do anything because we don't know what the rules are and that's over and now all comes a moment of political moment ization for really pressing all government to deliver a revised action plan by 2020 and not only government business are now coming in was with views we have to check if it's not greenwashing if you surreal cities have taken a number of a very strong action ago needed to be checked and you know way this is an element of the sort of domestic who is climate close at all countries has to now put in place in Zone countries and again have to be checked by the civil society both internally and externally I think on the other side I think what is in a way the balance of what countries can do is or will do is that anyway we have a number of very sophisticated element now to know and to track where the emission are coming from exactly so country could not lie I think there will be a going about it but even if it's just voluntary I mean how to who's going to who's going to police this well it's voluntary but they aren't those agrement so I was agreement is not that is voluntary in terms of the numbers is not voluntary isn't one of processing. They have to have measures they have to report and again just remember is that we have no international or capacity of data producing to really check it countries are producing the real data so there is a balance between what countries would have to do and Except yesterday night to do it and it's very it's a very big progress because it we're not doing it before and at the same time we have strong satellites and observatories International the Tories the ability really to know what is really going on and rock acts so I think the moment of truth has come doesn't means in or was on these I read so lack of them vision of countries that were expressed yesterday and their supporters wanting to you know we're not refer enough to the 1.5 i.p.c.c. Report or country not saying clearly it will be made 0 emission by 2050 but this is exactly is a moment they have to come back let me let me just get a lot of my friends from Liz had Jones I mean these things are never perfect especially when you're trying to get get everybody on board isn't some progress better than no progress. Some progress is important but let's look at the big picture global carbon emissions a continuing to rise the Paris Agreement met in 2015 it's now the end of 2018 and we appear to be very little further and long to rate having a global real action to tackle climate change a Paris agreement is g. To come into effect in 2020 and it's just frankly too late to be trying to. Start action that we need countries to be rocking up to these big international events already not just pledging action but taking real. Efforts domestically and if you look at for example the u.k. Are going to still wanting to go all out for fracking fossil fuel and we're just at the point where we need really extraordinary efforts to you stop burning fossil fuel we're going to have fairly large and I believe that I'm afraid lives Hutchens and learns to be under many thanks for joining us you're listening to News and still to come on the program the son of the Russian dissident writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn speaks to us about the novel written by his father depicting his time in the Soviet gulag he was thinking how could I possibly describe this and he realized the only way it could be done would be by describing just one day. Out of a 10 year or 25 year sentence or not coming up in about 20 minutes time I mean headlines from the newsroom this hour the British prime minister trees amaze responded angrily after one of her predecessors called for a 2nd Breck's it referendum there are reports of renewed fighting in the Yemeni city of her data despite a u.n. Sponsored cease fire agreement and Salom a sort of Bush has been sworn in as Georgia's 1st female president have been some protests will be heading life to Georgia after these at office. You're listening to News and from the b.b.c. I'm James Menendez we're going to talk tattoos now in Japan's relationship with body art that's because the city of bet in southern Japan has released a guide to about 100 hotspots which will welcome visitors with tattoos during next year's Rugby World Cup know many of their spots have a no tattoo rule because of their strong association with organized crime but many of the players and fans of the tournament will come from Pacific nations where body art is an important part of their culture I've been speaking to the Take Care based writer Jake Adelstein author of The Last year KUSA and he's been telling me more about the link between tattoos and the Japanese mafia. In Japan right now tattoos are associated with the cars that which are a word to describe the 23 organized crime groups that still exist out in the open in Japan and are generally responsible for a certain number of crimes within the country and one of those times these mean within the organized crime world well since of post-war Japan the tattoos are a sign of both wealth and insurance and status within the organization So for example if you belong to the in a galaxy which is the 3rd largest group you might have the organization emblem tattooed on your body which shows you belong to the group and you will never believe you might even have your bosses name tattooed on your body which is corporate branding taken to its finest measure but it also shows that you have money because the full body tattoo cost about $50000.00 to take up to 5 years of time and when it was done the old way with also and ink put under the skin it's incredibly painful so that when you went to menace someone are you confronted another yakkers and they saw how to have it you were that tells them that you have money you have status and that you are capable of and during a lot of pain. Which makes you kind of a formidable person who gives you status within the organization but what about him why this aside they have I mean is there a stigma attached to these and I just wonder how that manifests is the thinking is because the actors are generally violent criminals and so she asked even though in some sectors of Japanese life they are still given some respect is noble cause when you see someone that had to you immediately associate them with organized crime and because the Japanese police and society of try to reduce the number of organized crime members in the last 10 and 15 years if you have a tattoo you can't get a gym membership a lot of hot baths and hot springs will let you use the facilities and. It's scares people because that in the Japanese mind tattoo equal. Yeah equals trouble and society where people don't like trouble and they certainly don't like file it does that mean that if you're not a member of the Quds that then you won't have a tattoo I mean there are very few Japanese people who have tattoos and members of organized crime well actually you know it as in all over the world body artists becoming something that people do. Because it's fashionable because they see rock stars doing it people have no idea that's associated with the excess so it's also becoming a problem in Japanese society as a whole but there still is this view that you know a tattoo even if you're a foreigner who probably isn't a member of the there are 4 members. Is a gangster and thus because Japan is very poor at adapting to individual situations has a blanket ban on tattoos and most parts of the country really said people were necessary distinguish between the sort of tattoos that people might have in the us civil or the u.k. And specific tattoos there's just the fact that connotations very strong isn't it the connotation is very strong and they and they don't want to be bothered because it's easier to apply the rules mechanically rather than recognize that this is a modern tattoo are you know this is a tattoo of the Union Jack probably not a sign that this person is the ACA in bet where they just kind of had to map there's a lot of yeah and they tend to be much more violent than other parts of the country I mean Q Should the f.b.i. Throw hand grenades at each other that's not typical because of behavior in Tokyo in Kyoto in other parts of the country so that maybe there are Version 2 because it is even greater than it is in Tokyo these days but of course if they're going to host big sporting events then Japan has to or at least businesses in Japan have to start making some allowances don't well I mean one of the ironies of Japan's ban on mechanical ban on tattoos is Ok so you're trying to keep everyone else had to by association with being yakuza but you know yes because it can get jobs working in nuclear power play. Ants because there's no security checks on them so that's fine we just don't want you in a sports club or on the golf course Jake Jake Adelstein author of the book The Lost yet KUSA speaking to me about the over tattoos in Japan. After decades writing songs inspired by Lidge the musician Kate Bush is finally publishing a book of her room for the 1st time she's releasing a collection of her lyrics spanning her career from her 1st single weathering Heights in 1978 to her 10th studio album 50 Words for Snow that was in 2811 Well the book How to be invisible features an introduction from the novelist David Mitchell he's described Kate Bush as his hero and Iraq's correspondent Rebeca Jones has been talking to him. 'd RINGBACK RINGBACK RINGBACK RINGBACK just really really glad that this woman exists I'm so glad she's made the music she has. 'd It's like a constellation in the sky for me it fills me with one as either volved songs have the quality they evolve as well and I also sort of think of them as companions who sort of with me through life. She's notoriously private What can we know about Kate Bush through her new rinks she is a word tonight the kooky quirky quixotic use of language you see. In. The. She's not afraid of the dark places of the human psyche that gives work. Power she had an album and not a single dreaming which was autistic Lee experimental. Lightning . And it is a risk in coverage or you can't listen to it without thinking well if it weren't for her maybe it'll work for me as well. And I listen to the album over and over and over when I fight my 1st 2 novels it's a sort of friendly autistic me on your axing get on have a go try and see if it works. Is there any hint that she's working on new music I'm not allowed to say I'm so not allowed to say so I can neither confirm nor deny I just have to lapse into an exotic silence I'm afraid people will still be listening to these songs with amazement in 2300 years time as it was work will last in the same way that metaphysical poetry from the Elizabeth anyone has lasted. I know that's a huge claim to be making. But if I were to make it about anyone Kate Bush would be in that very small circle of artists. And. It was the novelist David Mitchell that a big fan of Kate Bush talking to our arts correspondent Rebecca Jones let me just saying also that on our main story today the results of that climate change conference in Poland where they've agreed a rulebook to implement the 2015 Paris agreement if you want to know a bit more about what was agreed in Poland but also about the Paris agreement and what exactly that entails it is all on our website including And I'm. This is from our environment correspondent just go to b.b.c. Dot com forward slash news and follow the links you're listening to News and from the b.b.c. To stay with us still more to come in the next half hour of the program. This is the b.b.c. World Service keeping you up to date with world events throughout the day from the hearts of the b.b.c. This is the newsroom our team of journalists bring you the top stories of the moment and I want Jackie Bennett I mean something with all of the Conway Alex writes with on the spot reports this guy is a clear the saddest orders of business class shutting out out out residents hundreds of thousands of people displaced many of them have been through a terrifying time perspective on changing situations an eyewitness account a deck least 13 experience really relations with Russia had been strained over and they had the problem of the 3 levels of government trying to work together your 30 minute window on the wild Let's get more from our correspondent in Istanbul our science reporter as Davison has been studying the research Jonathan separate reports for the newsroom the news room every day on the b.b.c. World Service. Companies are in the next 30 minutes Georgia's 1st female president's been sworn in but they've been protests about her election also the son of the Soviet dissident writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn on turning one of his father's best known novels into an opera Plus the fallout from the Michael Karan sentencing in the u.s. To President Trump break the law to all that's coming up after the news. B.b.c. News with Gareth Barlow the British prime minister to reason may has accused one of her predecessors Tony Blair of trying to undermine her brakes in negotiations by calling for a 2nd referendum she said is intervention on Friday was an insult to the British people and the office of Prime Minister but it's emerged the herd effect 0 deputy has met opposition M.P.'s who pushed for a 2nd public vote as a way past the current deadlock environmental groups and some countries have criticised Saturday's agreement at the un climate conference in Poland as lacking in ambition to prevent dangerous levels of global warming the agreement has also criticised the perspiring issues such as the regulating the market for carbon emissions trading despite a recent cease fire agreement there have been reports of any strikes in clashes at the Yemeni point of her data between the pro-government forces and who think rebels government sources said at least 29 fighters most of them who 3 were killed on Saturday. Georgia's 1st female president Salah maser be severely says she wants to unify Georgians at a swearing in ceremony in the eastern city of to lobby Mrs will be severely said George it would continue its approach European path and called on Russia to respect international law the chairman of Russia's lower house of parliament has criticized Ukraine's president for announcing the independence of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church yet his love lot in said President Petro part of Shango was destroying Ukrainian society a car bomb exploded in a free in a northwest Syria has killed 5 people the Turkish army and allied militias seized everyone from Kurdish groups in March after an extended offensive on the Israeli army says it has found another tunnel leading from Lebanon into Israel the 4th since it since it began searching for underground infiltration routes earlier this month Israel says the tunnels have been dug by the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah world news from the b.b.c. . Coming up next on News I will head live to George or asylum a sort of Bush villi is sworn in as the country's 1st female president but 1st as you hope for the future and what are you looking forward to most in 29 team deep thinkers across the u.s. Have been pondering that very question as part of the long conversation an 8 hour marathon of big ideas organized by the Smithsonian Institution drag queens poets scientists and artists gathered at the Arts and industries building in Washington which has been designated as a center for exploring the future history and Oprah. I've come to a museum that's a little bit out of the ordinary because there isn't actually anything in it but if thoughts were tongue then this place would be bursting at the scenes because some of the biggest thinkers in America are here to discuss what Ben looking forward to as director Rachel Goldman's explains it's really quite extraordinary what comes out when you allow people to just have conversations I always say this event is like hosting the most interesting dinner party in the world and then I get to invite 2 or 300 people to eavesdrop. We're going to be eating meat that is grown in by reactors why should that make of optimistic we can produce meat from plants we can produce meat directly from cells causes 95 percent less climate change doesn't require any antibiotics at all that's a huge reason to be optimistic. I'm going to stronger and what we're trying to do is to find other planets like Earth we can actually detect planets that are the same size as and other generations in the future will figure out how to get there This is these are from the b.b.c. World Service We're live in London I'm James Menendez let's turn to Georgia now where a ceremony is being held to swear in the country's 1st female president she's solemn a sort of Bishop really a former French diplomat before she became Georgia's foreign minister but they've been protests today and the defeated opposition candidate has alleged that the elections last month were fraudulent more on that shortly but let's get a flavor of today's ceremony a military band announced the arrival of Mrs Bush fairly as she walked along a red carpet to the stage. Few. Cannons were fired as the national anthem with some. Fees. But outside there were those scuffles between police and opposition supporters. There was something that. Was going to have mattered to her and told to the B.B.C.'s Ray Han Dmitri Ray What exactly then were those people protesting about. So the protesters they are supporters or an opposition candidate who was defeated in last month's presidential elections and they were trying to get to the c.t.o. Where the inauguration was taking place they announced that they will hold a protest rally against. Against the governing Georgian Dream party but today was stopped about 30 kilometers outside the town by heavy kind of police court on the police did not let them get through so these are the sounds that you just heard our discussions and it kind of went on for a few hours and the protest which was planned by the opposition as a result did not take place. And what exactly are the allegations of fraud during that election and well. Ok if we look at the international observers that monitor the elections they kind of indorsed cautiously with a question this elections they talked about the use of administrative but our administrative resources this is a reference you know when when the governing party uses kind of its power to endorse a candidate and in this case the governing party he indorsed salomé is rubbish really also the criticism regarding the election was. You know voter intimidation and and vote buying there were 2 rounds in these presidential elections in the 1st round both candidates came so close there was less than one percent difference between the opposition. And this is when the governing party got really kind of worried and concerned and they launched this incredibly aggressive p.r. Campaign ahead of the runoff. Including one of the schemes that then ours was to pay off bank loans for $600000.00 Georgians and so the opposition now claims that it was illegal vote buying and they want to challenge the government on this election extraordinary as president how much power does she have in the country. Her role is largely ceremonial and today with her integration with her becoming the 5th president new constitution comes into force which further diminishes her always president but she still the head of state. She has the power to pardon. People who are in jail or grant citizenship and also she'll be representing the country on the international stage shows so she's still the face of Georgia but politically domestically she does not have much power as people may remember the war of course with Russia 10 years ago 2 states broke away which direction which which way is Georgia facing at the moment particularly under someone that's an amazing or a Bush really. It's always been. Reported here for several years now it's always pro Western course and solemn is really in her inaugural speech she said that she will continue taking Georgia on its kind of pro western democratic past she also had a message to Russia Russia is a neighboring country but there's you just said there was a war 10 years ago as a result Russia Russian troops are into Georgian territories. So she she addressing the Russia she said that if Russia wanted good neighborly relations it has to recognize the international law and that was of course a reference to Georgia's territorial integrity because those 2 regions that occupied by Russia internationally recognized as part of Georgia right now. Many thanks that was the B.B.C.'s right hand to me tree joining us live from Georgia. One day in the life of Eve and a nice of it is about a day in the life of an ordinary man imprisoned in a Soviet labor camp at the time of Stalin it was written by the Nobel Prize winning author an exam associates and needless to say his writing angered the Soviets and he was forced to go into exile in the United States in the 1970 s. Socialism returned to Russia after the fall of communism and last week to mark the center of his birth a number of events were held in Moscow to remember his contribution to Russian literature one of those events was an operatic adaptation of his novel that I just mentioned. Was. The. Only Oprah's conducted by ignites soldier in it since son he's based in New York but returned to Russia for the production he's been speaking to my colleague Julie America when my father was in those labor camps particularly in the into special camps so-called special camps in Siberia and in Kazakhstan he was thinking how could I possibly ever describe this to the world and he realized that the only way it could be done would be by describing just one day out of a 10 year or 25 year sentence that a typical prisoner was subject to the idea being that when you read it you here will digest the one story and can therefore put it against the stories of thousands . Eons of people who may have been through a similar experience absolutely because simply to cite statistics obviously or to somehow ask to constantly implore the reader to imagine how many people all to ply this by so that's not art that's that's it that's been flipped hearing no matter how accurate it might be but for an artist for a writer this I think was the genius approach this was the right approach to the reader's mind but also the reader's art and on stage I mean how does it look to those sitting in the audience what do they see what's the actual spectacle in front of them in this production it is on the chamber stage of the Bolshoi Theater It is very much and environment in which I think the listener or the spectator is engrossed the idea I think from is a cam from the stage director is that the spectator becomes part almost part of the action and what does it mean to you to be conducting these and to be conducting it back in Moscow to do it here to have those words or in some cases spoken on stage that bring to mind very directly the extraordinary injustices to have all of this out in the open in the same geographical space and same cultural space where it happened is extremely important and fundamentally liberating I think for the performers and perhaps even more so for the on it and on a personal level I'm in there you are in Moscow in the country that expelled your father yes it was the Soviet Union then and and now it's Russia and a lot has changed but I just wonder on a personal level how that makes you feel well it's it's tremendously satisfied pleased on a really fundamental level and yes a great indication for my father and most importantly really for the truth that he dared to speak that he dared to write for which he paid a high personal price and yet that persevere to the end then it really goes back to his famous words or actually his quoting of a Russian proverb or one word of truth to a the whole world and really. His life and the history of his works is a living testament to that proverb and on him and what he would have thought and I realize that's to an extent a speculative question but he spent the last 14 years of his life back in Russia what do you think he would make of the changes that had taken place by then but also some of the criticism that he's leveled at Russia today well it's difficult to say I don't presume to speak for him now but I would just say that for him politics was as everybody says a dirty business and and a way of thinking that is far below art and culture but to the extent that it's as we know necessary for a state to function I mean I think his approach was always quite pragmatic meaning it's not so much that I'm going to support such a specific person or a specific candidate but really is it the right policy and I think that would be his we have looking at today too as I'm sure that the things that mattered to him would still be the same today as they were before one of the wider picture because I know you're performing not just in this operatic performance but you also got a piano solo concert coming up and also another confidence in Petersburg next week does this point to more trips to Russia in the future for you I mean what's the plan I have been very actively conducting and playing so just performing Russian in recent years quite quite many years now and it's something that is again very gratifying for me because the cultural level the musical level if you will is extremely high generally speaking things are economically of course more more stable and there's more money for everything including for arts in your mind is there a role there to to straddle 2 coaches in a sense as a Russian American for some of the political reasons we touched on a moment ago is it important for you to be seen to having a foot in both camps if you like well I think it's inevitably important I don't make it my mission if you will because still my mission is more modest is to do perhaps more modest or perhaps more grandiose but it's really to do my job as well as I possibly can and that of course. As for an artist and attempting to reimagine and reinterpret the great heritage of Beethoven and Brahms and just the coverage and anyone anyone else is a monumental challenge but yes particularly in this current cool climate so we say yes it seems all the more important because these cultural bridges as they used to be called in the Cold War when a lot of times they were farcical and yet also maybe served a purpose at times certainly today when there is that virtually unrestricted force traveled back and forth and Internet and all the ways that people can communicate it's such an obvious and I suppose irresistible way for people to relate to each other and to that old trope that there is much more that unites us than divides us and I think that's I would if I can play a small role in that then all the better that was the Russian American pianist and conductor Ignatz ocean it's in talking about that all practicality Taishan of his father's novel one of the Monday in the life of Yvonne Denise of it he was talking to my colleague Julia Morricone a reminder that although we love you to listen life to the program if possible we realize it's not always convenient so they forget you have no need to Mish miss a single edition of the program if you can catch us live we pull cost 2 editions of the program are available each day made available just after the live edition of the program just search for b.b.c. News our podcast and you'll see the latest additions and indeed all the others come up and you can download them and whatever way suits your Listening to do that for the b.b.c. World Service. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service and in a galaxy not very far far away each there is no emotion there is peace there is no ignorance and there is knowledge there is no passion there is serenity there is no chaos there is harmony there is no death there is no. And the last Fishel count 170000 people in the u.k. Said that faith is judged on people like me it's a tough thing to do to me that you're a geek. I'm nobody nobody revealing why people across the world choose to follow the ideas and beliefs of the Saif I philosophy if you call yourself a Jet I you are an impostor for peace and you need to be leaving things and people better than you found them lightsaber I attend a class once a week and from time to time on training I came with the space I have my. Heart and Soul to be. Coming soon erm out of our top stories today are news our environmental campaigners say the agreement reached at the u.n. Climate conference doesn't go far enough to address the threat posed by global warming now speaking to us earlier Hutchins' from the campaign group Friends of the Earth told us that the deal reached in Poland needed to be much tougher on the planet's richest countries it is riddled with holes that the richest countries that are most responsible for driving a pollution causing climate change are going to be. Paying for the action needed in poor countries to help them meet some of the mistakes that we might like but I think Oh well said today the British prime minister Terry's amaze responded angrily after one of her predecessors called for a 2nd breaks at referendum and there are reports of renewed fighting in the Yemeni port city of her data despite a cease fire agreement. This is a spin and ice with news and let's turn to the United States now and the continuing fallout from the Michael Current Affair That's President Trump's former lawyer and fixer who this week with sentenced to 3 years in prison he pleaded guilty to violations of campaign finance law among other crimes those violations related to payments he organized to 2 women the adult film star Stormy Daniels and former Playboy model counter McDougall to stay silent about alleged sexual affair with Mr Trump the payments were made during the campaign and $26.00 Dame Karen says Mr Trump knew about the payments authorized them and knew they were wrong something the president has them and he denied he and his supporters also argue that the payments weren't campaign finance and it wasn't even a criminal matter while they write well let's get T.V.'s on this for us from Bradley Smith the former chairman of the Federal Election Commission now a professor of law nobody really believes that anything that stands a person influencing a campaign is a campaign expenditure to care that you know brush his teeth on him or his toothpaste is not for the purpose of introducing a campaign or that how Japanese businessman who often has lawsuits against a very surprised as were his side saddle those lawsuits only because he didn't want to massage traction during the campaign he would be settling them entirely for the purpose of influencing the campaign to be camping spots so the same type of logic applies to payments to the mistresses and in fact there's another part of the law that prohibits you from using campaign funds percent coverage to benefit personally outside of the campaign and that's has to be a campaign expenditure expenditure must have a reason the obligation must have been created by the test to a lot of process here the obligations such as termites has passed to the dalliances he had years before he became a candidate that's what creates the obligation and thus started him as follows but he's not. That fact the fact that these were alleged affair a long time before has made this much more of a breach of campaign financing I mean why would have made them during the campaign if it wasn't to prevent information about those effect is having an impact on the campaign. Issue there is effective slates the motive for paying with the creation of the obligation and again the obligation was created outside of the campaign and that respect as I said is very similar to you to imagine a candidate is a businessman instructing his attorney to settle these lawsuits pay payments and get this settled I don't want this bothering me during the campaign that would be his motivation issue I think the reason he paid when he did it is because that's what the women asked and the woman asked at that time because they knew that he might be. More willing to pay but again what we think of as a campaign finance violations are things like flying television advertisements buying office space pre-campaign buying phones for campaign workers that's what a campaign expenditure is it's not anything that might benefit the person broadly Smith were joining us live is Neo-Con telefilm acting foolish the general of the us on the President Obama now a low professor at Georgetown University in Washington welcome to the program what do you make of that so why do these so-called hush money payments Countess campaign contributions Wow that was a very serious outlier view that I don't think this shared by the majority of people who do campaign finance law indeed I just wrote a piece in The Washington Post with the former Republican chair of the Federal Election Commission Trevor Potter and with George Conway who is a lawyer enormous distinction he's also happens to be married to Kellyanne Conway the president's chief spinmeister and we explain that the heart of campaign finance violations is this kind of thing in which you're taking money and one of the. Purposes for which you're taking money is to influence an election and that is the Edwards precedent which the presidents lawyers themselves have invoked which totally boomerangs on them but so does John Edwards the Democratic kind candidate for president exactly and you just heard Mr Smith say that this is about dalliances and that dalliances that occurred at that gate before and that's why they can be campaign related which is completely. You know it doesn't make any sense for remember that these affairs occurred in 2006 a full decade before the payments were made the payments were made days before the 2016 election now the thing that changed between 20062016 October was not the president's dalliances it was the fact that he was a days before the presidential election and of that is why the prosecutors the career prosecutors in the southern district of New York have said that the president directed the commission of these felonies if Michael Curran's being sent to prison for this Should Mr Trump also be charged that's generally how criminal law works when I've taught criminal law 20 times and one of the things I teach my students is that you know when you have an underlying who's going to jail for 3 years or whatever generally the boss would get a sentence that's a multiple of that between 2 acts to 3 acts of that and here the idea that these obligations are created outside of the campaign is just I think really fanciful and it shows the lane to which the Trump defenders will go to to say anything to try and keep this guy from prison what about the argument that it's a message from with somebody taking advice from his lawyer and he can be held responsible for the bad advice. Well 1st of all Trump himself is undermined about it by saying that that Cohen was not acting as a lawyer but was acting as a public relations consultant so that's one another as I very much doubt the president would ever invoke that defense because to do so would mean he'd have to waive attorney client privilege and give the prosecutors access to all of the material that Michael Cohen has which you know by all accounts this can be pretty striking so I don't think that that defense is going to fly and you know there's also other evidence that the president did know that what he was doing was illegal including Michael Cohen's own statements to a.b.c. News and if charges were to follow would they have to wait until after he leaves office that is a very deep constitutional question the Justice Department has to memoranda suggesting that but they don't necessarily apply to this circumstance because this is a felony that goes to how you got the presidency in the 1st place and that type of felony may not be covered by these 2 Justice Department memoranda and also those memoranda don't cover state prosecutions and I think it looks like New York and other states may be investigating the crimes of the Donald Trump as well are you also anticipating mus in Congress towards impeachment I think that even though you know me and myself and a lot of others are really anti impeachment in general I don't see how the democratically elected Congress could not look at impeachment at this point I mean you have a president who's been named by career prosecutors to have directed the commission of very serious felonies it's hard to look the other way. We'll catch all that many thanks for joining us today on news on your couch a former acting solicitor general of the United States. President Obama that is it for this edition of News from a and the rest of the team here in London thanks so much for listening until the next time. This is the b.b.c. World Service where life and light boys have taken this stance down the vetted gymnast moves the language of it is universal it's a media day one reaches out to many unborn embrace the notion you see this beautiful graffiti it's a random snatching you're creating the city for 3 days out of nothing it's part of common knowledge it's the local arts and culture on the b.b.c. World Service. And in an hour the forum with Bridget Kendall the Nobel Prize winning Russian or Alexander Solzhenitsyn a towering literary figure whose evocative account lifted the lid on the horrors of the Soviet gulag network I'll be joined by 3 social natin ex-pats to trace the dramatic story of his own life and assess why you see the Such an industry giants face is the b.b.c. World Service the world's media station. Welcome to the documentary here on the b.b.c. World Service I'm Alice to the thread and I'm one of the expedition of one of the world's great rivets the Congo River. Is the Democratic Republic of the Congo goes to the polls we're heading upstream to try to understand this vast and tormented country the size of Western Europe with. Hunting with Pygmies in the rain forest we'll hear about Belgium is brutal legacy. Will go on patrol with un peacekeepers plunge into the rapids to meet the fisherman who risk their lives on the river. And cutting through the forest will go in search of rag or religious just a couple of times to come to us it's a beautiful country haunted by history exploited for its riches and traumatized by war as you'll find out after the news. B.b.c. News Hello I'm Gareth Barlow the British prime minister to reason may has accused one of her predecessors Tony Blair of trying to undermine her brakes in negotiations by calling for a 2nd referendum Mrs May has struggled to win enough support for the current draft breaks it deal to get it through parliament Chris Mason reports for so long the campaign for another referendum seem to many a hopeless cause but its advocates send their opportunity if there isn't a majority in parliament for anything other than opposing no deal offering the people the chance to decide is a potential route out of deadlock but the prime minister this would be to abdicate responsibility she claims that Tony Blair's call for another public vote is an insult to the office he once held She adds that I have never lost sight of my duty and that is to deliver on the referendum result North Korea has condemned the trumpet administration for imposing new sanctions on its officials warning of a possible permanent blot on any denuclearization the United States impose sanctions on 3 North Korean officials on Monday for alleged human rights abuses the north said such actions would not force the country to make changes to its nuclear program the North Korean leader reached of a good deal on the issue with President Trump in June environmental groups and some countries have criticized Saturday's agreement at the u.n. Climate conference in Poland as lacking in ambition to vent to dangerous levels of global warming that they also want to lay down rules to implement the 2015 Paris accord his David Sugarman the deal struck in Cata we'd say is a step forward but a modest one for the 1st time there's a set of rules for how countries should cut their emissions of the gases warming the planet and also a system for checking they do what they promise to reaching agreement on those involved painstaking to go she ation and some key. Issues had to be put off for another time many diplomats are relieved to have made it this far but some developing countries faced with the threat of rising sea levels say the deal does not go nearly far enough and that bolder steps are needed despite a recent cease fire agreement there have been reports of air strikes in clashes at the Yemeni port of her data between the pro-government forces and Huth the rebels government sources said at least 29 fighters were killed on Saturday night the un humanitarian coordinator in Yemen told the b.b.c. She was still hopeful the u.n. Sponsored ceasefire agreed in Sweden would produce results a car bomb explosion in the northwestern Syria has killed 5 people and injured another 20 the vehicle was detonated in a busy vegetable market in the town of a freend which is seen a spate of explosions in recent months the Turkish army and allied militia seized a freen from Kurdish groups in March after an extended offensive Well news from the b.b.c. The chairman of Russia's lower house of parliament has criticized Ukraine's president for announcing the independence of the Ukrainian or the.

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