Yes the world's radio station. And they're coming up on business weekly we'll be delving into the world of a mature traders after the hype surrounding Game Stop will give part time share trading is here to stay I'm hoping I'm going to be able to get a good return those spikes. I know I mean the pay days covered so I keep telling myself we'll reach for the stars and discover how plans for a constellation of satellites could bring Internet to everyone on earth but could it get even more crowded out there there actually is a lot of space to put satellites I think the big question that people have been asking is whether the market can see that many constellations and what's in your background and what does it say about you that after the nice. I'm Stuart Macintosh with the b.b.c. News Halo 7 rebel Republicans joined Democrats in voting to convict former president Donald Trump on a charge of incitement to insurrection over the deadly assault on the u.s. Capitol last month but the margin of 57 to 43 fell well short of the 2 thirds majority needed to find Mr Trump guilty in his 2nd impeachment this report from our North America editor John Sopel though there wasn't a super majority to convict Donald Trump this is the most bipartisan vote in an impeachment trial in American history and if the Senate has had a secret ballot the outcome might have been very different certainly among Republicans in the upper house there seems to be a desire to move on from the Trump era but if their calculation or hope was that Donald Trump would quietly fade away into the background no one seems to have told the former president he issued a statement full of indignation about the way he'd been treated said the Make America Great Again movement was only just beginning and added that he'd have a lot more to say in the coming months the Democratic majority leader in the Senate Chuck Schumer has said the failure to convict Mr Trump would live as a day of infamy in u.s. History and told the American people they shouldn't forget what had happened when rioters stormed Congress he accused the Republicans who voted to acquit Mr Trump of showing a lack of both morality and courage by not recognizing the heinous crime that Donald Trump committed against the constitution Republican senators have not only risked but potentially invited the same danger that was just visited upon us so let me say this despite the results of the vote on Donald Trump's conviction in the court of impeachment he deserves to be convicted and I believe he will be convicted in the court of public opinion the Republican party's leader Senate Mitch McConnell who voted to acquit Mr Trump on a legal technicality launched a savage attack on the former president. Saying there was no question that he was practically and morally responsible for the events of that day he added that Mr Trump could still face legal action president Robert still liable for everything he did while he was one of as an ordinary sort of. The structure of limitations in Iran. For everyone to do while it went off and got away with anything yeah yeah we have a criminal justice system in this country we have civil litigation and former president or not I'm hearing from being accountable but either why Britain will host a virtual Summit of the g 7 countries next Friday urging the world leaders to work together to ensure equal global distribution of covert $900.00 vaccines and prevent future pandemics it will be President Biden's 1st major international engagement you're listening to the latest world news it's coming to you from the b.b.c. The health minister of Guinea says 4 people have died of a bowler in the 1st cases of the disease there in more than 4 years said he was deeply concerned about the resurgence of the deadly hemorrhagic fever in the south east of the country the 1st known victim of the outbreak was a nurse and earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 has struck the north east coast of Japan in the same area hit by the powerful quake and tsunami 10 years ago with its epicenter of the coast of Fukushima the tremor left a 1000000 homes without power and more than 100 people injured although no one was seriously hurt the u.s. Supreme Court has cleared the way for the extradition of 2 American men who were accused of helping the foreman ison chairman colors going to flee Japan last year the court denied an emergency request by lawyers for Michael Taylor and his son Peter to halt a lower court order that had given the green light for their extradition to Japan last September. Archaeologists in Egypt of what could be the world's oldest known beer factory dating back around 5000 years with the details here's Patty McGuire in the desert west of the River Nile the joint Egyptian American project made the discovery at the burial ground of by Dos a site from the earliest times of ancient Egypt that houses vast cemeteries and temples experts found a huge units each 20 meters long and containing pottery basins used to heat a mixture of grains and water the end result beer would have been served at Royal rituals and sacrificial rights at the time of King Nama the founder of the 1st domestic period the site had been found once before by a British team that had failed to recognise its significance and who had failed to jot down its location. Report by Pallywood go or in the latest edition of the b.b.c. News. Hello and welcome to business weekly with Lucy batten where today we'll be looking to the stars and Bode Lee going where no radio program has gone before Ok bit of an exaggeration but we will be taking a closer look at the new space race unlike 60 years ago it's not about which country has the biggest rock it now it's all about which multi-billionaire has the deepest pocket and the 21st century mission isn't to put men on the mean satellites into orbit we'll also be talking love as this week the dating out Bumble floated on the Nasdaq just how have dating apps fads during knock down and who meet the man he's making money creating bookish backgrounds busy 1st though it is a quintessence of academic learning at a paragon of food shouldn't that description of the stock market was written in the 17th century but it could be applied to 2021 last month apparently amateur investors bought shares in the ailing video and game store company Game Stop causing it shares to jump 700 percent the rush now posted on internet sites like read it was to thwart Wall Street short sellers global market watchdogs went on high alert and warned investors to take care in a volatile trading environment at the same time the owners of the trading up Robin Hood are being sued by the family of a young man who took his own life last year the parents and sister of Alex Kearns a ledge the app uses aggressive tactics and strategy to live inexperienced and unsophisticated investors Robin-Hood says it was devastated by Alex's death and has introduced more support for customers but his figures suggest one in 5 Americans are now playing the stock market just what is driving amateur traders and other trading apps they use here to stay Sasha Twinings report begins with an amateur trader who were calling Andy for me started. You're just a cheeky part. It seems like a socially distance way of being activists. Have you done in a thing like this before if you haven't done shit writing The full of you haven't looked at the stock market before not to killing me I think is the knowledge I have it's regard to tape that to me from Wall Street bats are. Just names and wide of mouth but it's different it's a very I'm not going to take part in again just because of the amount of stress but I'm hoping I'm going to be able to get it to retire and those spikes are big I know I mean the pay days so I keep telling myself but yeah I mean I'm definitely done just my mental health that sound still trading for the moment so let's get the view from someone who is experienced in this field and there's always an instruction manual for these things isn't there so we found the woman who has quite literally written the book hedge funds for Dummies was the 1st book I did and then the 1st edition of day trading I think was 2007 and it's been revised 4 times meet she lives in Chicago and as well as writing the how to guides for many years regular comments on the markets so I asked her 1st off can she explain the difference between the 2 descriptions we keep hammering Emma to traders and day traders and amateur trader is somebody who is jumping in not necessarily knowing exactly what they're doing a day trader is somebody who has a systematic approach to how they look at the market they understand the risk that they're taking they've tested their strategies and they're committing themselves to a certain amount of time each day or each week to their trading so the difference in my mind is how they're approaching the market are they approaching it seriously . Or more like a gambler I wonder how surprised you've been at the impact that the trade has on the markets recently I think it's fascinating we saw a big increase in new traders in the market early on in the pandemic when a lot of sports were shut down so people who would have been betting on sports started betting on the market and the robin hood up made it particularly easy because it had no minimum investment and it was very easy for people to just place trades on their phone do you ever see an occasion where these traders because of the amount of information the amount of knowledge that they gain will turn into fully fledged day traders and this will be their their profession their job I think some will Day trading is a very difficult business and there are very few people who are able to succeed in it but there are some people who do more from a little later well one of them that has issued a well this is the perfect time to learn to. The 4 steps to start as a complete beginner she's known online as humbled trader and teaches others from her home in Toronto Canada with videos and over half a 1000000 subscribers on You Tube Do I call you humble trader or do I refer to you as Shay what do you prefer I think you can call me she tell me how easy easy for others to be successful or what you do Shay very difficult to do or fail doing this very day glorified easy money you sit a whole new you wake up and then you make thousands of dollars in 10 minutes but that's just not the reality everyone starts out losing money I started out you know trading part time 1st of all as a hobby I thought I was going to make a lot of money really quick obviously that didn't happen last couple of $1000.00 before kind. Taking and was seriously trying to figure out how to like actually learn a lot of begin as they have some beginners luck making some very easy money right away and a lot of times that's their downfall because they are going to give everything back in a week humble trader otherwise known as Shea with the potential problems but also the opportunities for some now Shea has decided to trade here early in simple company shares but it is possible for how much a trade does to have access to more complicated financial products like options and what happens when that goes wrong is that their own responsibility or should that be safeguards last July with his university closed 20 year old Alex Kearns who lived in Illinois started dabbling in the markets he used a widely available trading app and at one stage it's thought he misunderstood the process and he wrongly believed that he'd lost nearly 3 quarters of a $1000000.00 He left a note for his family saying he had no clue what he was doing and tragically decided to take his own life Bill Brewster is married to Alex's cousin he also works professionally within the industry and hosts a financial podcast he was somebody that would talk to me about what companies were doing and I think he was interested in finance for the right reasons so I think that the thing that is the most sad thing for me is the here's a kid that I watched grow up and find you know a passion and now he's gone what do you think really went wrong when you look back what was the thing that maybe could have been different for him 1st off the trade that he had put on had 2 sides to it so he had a side that he was losing money on and then he had a side that he was gaining money on and the. Problem that I have had with how his exposure was displayed to him was he was only shown the side that he was losing money on so he was only down I don't know somewhere between 3 and 5000 dollars that day it's not nothing at all but you know he wasn't down $730000.00 and that was the number that was shown to him I just think that when you are on a platform Robin-Hood specifically in my opinion if you know that you are growing and retail investors or they are the growth engine for that and they are trading options I think you really really really need to invest in customer service because people will see numbers that they're not expecting to see and it's a game that moves very very fast so you've got to be there to support them well off to Alex's death the founders of Robin Hood promise to review their product and increase educational resources only but should there still be more regulation both on who can trade and how they trade or is the point of a free market the idea that anyone can get involved and invest their money in any way they want he is Bob She's the Director of Investor Protection at the Consumer Federation of America and she's also an advisor to the regulator it is way too easy for financially unsophisticated investors to trade options but it's really profitable for the brokerage firms when they do for them to make their money if you're trading for free they need you to trade it's much harder for them to make money if you're trading stocks it's much more profitable for them if you trade in options and so what we've seen is they build the business to sort of nudge you toward the practices that are. Both of them Barbara Roper from the Consumer Federation of America so what do the trading platform say when we've mentioned Robin Hood not the American one with 13000000 users that's become synonymous with the Game Stop saga Well Marie Keyworth is the producer of this space Hello hello Sasha So we've contacted the trading platform as mentioned in this piece to ask them for comment Robin Hood directed us towards a blog post saying it's shortsighted to proclaim that financial instruments integrity investment strategies of the wealthiest should be left exclusively in the hands of the old guard and they went on to say it seems clear to us that the answer to the problem is not to limit access but to find new and creative ways to teach people to participate responsibly so when next what will the future hold for trading and those wanting a piece of the action let's get a final word from analog last week I had 2 people contact me saying that their teenage children wanted to take up trading and what I tell them and I was like oh the 1st thing I said was don't look. At least don't let them do it right away what I suggested was that they go the route of learning about the financial markets now that they're interested in a longer term that will do them well and they're getting that report by so I should point you're listening to Business Week the tiny fortified territory of to prove to is perched on a rocky outcrop of southern Spain guarding the entrance to the Mediterranean it's been a strategically important outpost for the British Navy over 300 years and the Spanish still lay claim to it so you can imagine how contentious the subject of bricks it is for the more than $3000.00 Harry and 96 percent of whom voted to remain in the European Union in the 2016 referendum in the final hours of 2022 to reach its own by actually agreement with Spain to avoid a hard border and it may yet join the e.u. Sanctions are in so. His can cross freely into Spain So what is Brett's it meant for the territory known as the rock just a thought purports. It's late morning on a mild winters day here at the Gibraltar side of the border with Spain and a steady flow of cars trucks motorbikes and pedestrians all heading from the Spanish border town of La Linea towards the looming Rock of Gibraltar just the other side of the airport runway due to the k.v. Restrictions only people traveling for work or medical reasons can cross the border but in more normal times that can often be lengthy queues to clear customs and immigration and I was pulling I'm a nurse so I work in Japan alter workers like Pauline you live in Spain but work into or used to dealing with queues at the border on the regular basis normally the border does have its peaks and troughs so probably 1st thing in the morning lunchtime mid afternoon when ships are finishing It's very very busy on the especially the summer and if the tourists I leave home very early to get to work because you cannot always under cigar in chains that the border would be easy to cross sometimes I have to maybe 2 hours people crossing back and forth after show their passport and their residency cards and since the 1st of January this year when the brakes a transition period came to an end 14 says the checks on the Spanish side have definitely become more Fara I got stopped the other Saturday going through and they checked every single item in my bag and even then they were questioned and they are looking for fresh meat dairy animal food is banned certain other items the fresh produce a banned hoarding is one of a huge group of around 15000 workers who cross from Spain into Gibraltar every day like Pauline they work in either the health sector but also in retail in hospitality and in construction which employs the largest number of cross border workers. But walking around Gibraltar it's hard to avoid seeing a construction site almost everywhere you look there's a crane on the horizon and it's usually involved in building another tall apartment block it's really expensive to live here because of the pressure on space the prices up and that's one of the reasons why so many workers live in Spain the Gibraltar government has been making it already to build more housing not Ok perfect at the job we finish with everything we need to do for the project right now seated certainty that done for Gentilly County is a well known property developer I met her at one of her construction sites where she's building eco town houses on a rare plot of land on a derelict military site and we have a small population in general we always make sure that you know we work with local companies but there are certain skill sets because this isn't a mature market that's now developing that we have to look to a bigger country to find so those cross border work is a vital to our economy last year during the 1st lockdown we had integral to we saw restrictions on the front and that made construction sites late by weeks and weeks which cost hundreds and thousands of pounds of the bottom line for everybody so I think over it was a test run for Greg's it and we already learnt that we need a president green in. Tonight's top stories. The u.k. And Spain reach an agreement in principle I want to Bolton's future relationship with the e.u. This was local t.v. News announcing on the 31st of December last year that a last minute framework deal was agreed about Gibraltar's future relationship with the e.u. a Formal deal is still being negotiated which could see freedom of movement between Spain and proto and the abolition of controls at the land border but this deal was not guaranteed and the stakes for businesses here are high brow unrest the editor of The Daily Show says that if a deal isn't reached that would have big consequences for the economy. In practical terms that would mean a lengthy lengthy delays to cross in and out of Gibraltar queues of 345 hours longer in the past we've seen to cross into deep water economically obviously that has an impact because a lot of these people who are coming in to work in Gibraltar will have problems accessing their jobs so long term it might make Gibraltar a less attractive place to invest if you have that sort of issue Gibraltar and Spain are also negotiating the possibility for new customs arrangements it's not yet clear what this would be for the movement of goods to process never been a part of the e.u. Customs union and so it was never had to introduce policies such as a value added tax the 80 joining a customs union could bring new trading opportunities for businesses injure proto but it's also a prospect that is causing some concern ultimately to broader businesses need to remain competitive that's one of the things that is obviously of concern Johnny saw that is the c.e.o. Of Anglo is Spanish one of the largest employers here in Gibraltar it's an alcohol and tobacco distribution business and the firm also manages a number of restaurants and bars on the Rock of Gibraltar businesses need to be able to prosper in the new environment what we cannot have is is a situation where business and abroad are damaged the result of an agreement does is on in Spain prosper as a result so I think it's going to be very balance So for example if we do join a customs union will do both business be able to trade from Gibraltar into the e.u. For example. That concern about remaining competitive in the post press it environment is a sentiment felt across the whole of the retail industry injured rotor is a sector that relies heavily on tourism prices of goods here often lower than in Spain and the u.k. To the lack of the 80 and tourists come in their droves eager to step up the bargain here on Main Street they usually busy therof any alternative grocer shops of any just reopened following a month long knockdown but for. Still quiet tourism has all but ground to a hoax to to the coronavirus pandemic premise Konami and the shop selling souvenirs there's a lot of uncertainties with with regards to a cut through the rain and if there is be reimposed probably have to do something that is will only make the border attractive otherwise could be. A concern that Gibraltar would lose its competitive edge we have many of whom from too good to be felt here especially high value goods like water jewelry and I can vary that even County we are small economy here and we don't have economies of scale so then we'll have to compete with the likes of the Amazons and our big chains and now that that's something that we prepared for. But it's not just v.a. Tiebreaks or queues at the border that are big political issues here for the past 300 years to protests at an often painful history with its immediate neighbor Spain the border was close for long periods too in the seventy's and early eighty's under the rule of former dictator General Franco Spain claim sovereignty over the rock and many an alkie to avoid any deal that could bring back tensions. In my name is Fabian Picardo Chief Minister of dribbled Well who better to put these concerns about sovereignty to than the man in charge in Gibraltar the chief minister I went to meet at the government headquarters a number 6 Government place and from the outset Mr Pickard I was keen to emphasise that it's not just the economy that needs safeguarding into process for each relations with the you sometimes we overstate to be importance of business and the economy which you might say cannot be overstated but indeed the social value and benefits of this. Can also in my view not be overstated and what Spain in the United Kingdom have agreed is to move the point of friction from the land from here to Gibraltar's air and sea from tears so that we can then see Gibraltar have in effect a common travel area the border will become for those who cross the frontier every day traversable as if it were not a frontier you would not be having to cross the frontier as you do today by showing a valid travel document and indeed in the future by showing a passport now you've been saying that this framework agreement makes to proceed closer than ever to the u.k. But with possible checks for inbound u.k. Travelers at the airports and no checks at the border with Spain and then a potential alignment of customs with the e.u. Some are arguing that this makes to brought it closer to you than to the u.k. I think that's a complete misunderstanding of the reality of Gibraltar today brought a sense of economic interest is the sale of services principly into the United Kingdom our relationships are principally with the United Kingdom government where our children educated in universities in the United Kingdom where do we get the lion's share of our soft culture our entertainment from the United Kingdom if we have a problem in general today it's not our children don't speak Spanish so anybody who might think that by scratching the surface of the fact that we're going to do hopefully if the Commission agrees a deal on immigration to facilitate our ability to access the European continent through the land frontage abroad or that somehow makes us closer to Spain than it does to the United Kingdom I think that is just a complete misunderstanding of the socio economic reality of Gibraltar but it's just not reality the chief minister. Can't go back at the border calling the nurse who lives in Spain says she hopes that she approaches. Relationship will help make her daily commute a lot easier having that fluid travel means you don't have to get up so early for shift if I'm being quite selfish and it means I get home. It would be nice to have that opportunity not to have to wait at the border indefinitely. Oh well there's still a degree of uncertainty over to process future relationship with Spain and the rest of the e.u. But businesses and workers here are hopeful a deal will help build new stronger relations with the neighborhood. The. Thought purporting coming up after the break we'll be looking at the race to fill space with satellites and bring the Internet to corners of the earth that could you see. This is the b.b.c. World Service where they will be bringing us stories on health Africa like the rest of the world is focused on dealing with covert 19 but that's not the whole picture there has been a lot of talk recently about. It helps to detox the body it's However it has not been scientifically proven when you take. What your good cholesterol you go up and also your blood cholesterol Africa life clinic will be finding out what's affecting the continent's health good and bad now and in the future Suman even just half an hour at a time is effective for reducing and sightsee recommends and competence to what are our own fuel Tom I. Africom life clinic on the b.b.c. World Service at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash health check. Coming up in the next part of business weekly we'll be looking at the next stage of the space race as companies race to put even more satellites into orbit but when the satellites break or die they'll just be floating around like old bits of junk so do we need some kind of space garbage collectors this week a dating app bumbled launched on the Nasdaq proving that even a pandemic can't stop the inexorable rise of dating apps that sought after the nice . B.b.c. News with Stuart Macintosh Democrats have failed in their bid to have Donald Trump convicted on a charge of incitement to insurrection but they persuaded more Republicans to vote against their former president than in any previous impeachment trial $57.00 senators voted to convict Mr Trump over the deadly assault on the u.s. Capitol last month including 7 Republicans their party leader in the Senate Mitch McConnell who voted to acquit Mr Trump on constitutional grounds said he had been practically and morally responsible for his supporters deadly attack Mr Trump called the trial a witch hunt declaring that his patriotic movement had only just begun the Democratic majority leader in the Senate Chuck Schumer called the failure to convict Donald Trump a day of infamy he said the Republicans who protected the former president lacked morality and courage the health minister of Guinea has reported 4 deaths from Ebola the country's 1st cases in over 4 years a nurse was the 1st known victim of the outbreak 8 people who attended her funeral became infected and 3 have died Britain will host a virtual Summit of the g 7 countries next Friday will urge leaders to work together to ensure equitable global distribution of coronavirus vaccines and to prevent future pandemics. The White House deputy press secretary has resigned the day after being suspended for threatening a journalist over her reports into his relationship with another journalist t.j. Duck low said his language had been a bar and disrespectful rights activists say Venezuela has freed 12 members of the Indigenous community who'd been held for more than a year for an attack on the military post lawyers say they were tortured despite having played no role in the attack and archaeologists in Egypt of on Earth what could be the world's oldest known be a factory the brewery at every dog's dates back some 5000 years b.b.c. News. Hello and welcome back to business weekly with Lucy batten How do you connect to the entire planet the answer it would seem is to look to the sky there is still a 1000000000 people without access to the Internet and some of the world's biggest tech companies are racing to create a constellation of satellites that connect those in the most rule parts of earth they say it makes good business sense as well as delivering something for the greater good but what happens to all of those old satellites floating around up there and whose job is it to regulate space tech at Butner investigates by your theory do you. Think. So what you heard there was in part the recent countdown the launch of one of Space X.'s Starlink satellites Starlink remains the market leader in the current race to carpet the world in broadband delivering satellites Yes it did used to be hot air balloons and flying drones now although everyone does seem to agree that the orbiting satellites are going to be the best way to put all of us whether we're on the North Pole or in the middle of the ocean some well all of us reliably online since the beginning the World Wide Web has never been world wide as you can hear space x. Are not the only players in this game a moment there from a promotional video from one web it's one of the firms now squaring off against a long masks us giant to get us all connected wherever you are you'll have a signal one web is an international venture that's being spearheaded by the Indian telecoms tycoon Sunil Bharti Mittal he's one of India's richest men he explained his business vision the world needs a solution which can connect the last 1000000000. And I can tell you having spent over 25 years in building fixed networks my biochemistry and networks I can tell you it's impossible for us to connect the last 1000000000 and they didn't notice a part of the world through any other medium but a strong circle like Constellation which is what we are attempting to provide Now how transformative would this be for a country like India for example already transformative I handle 220000 dollars in the country they have to be supplied like city many of them don't have electricity 247 they have to be filled up with diesel every day you have to dig through long stretches of the highways to put fiber and this would be done with just over $607.00 likes all over India would be covered actually there undoubtedly will be covered every square inch of its land ocean mountains deserts it's a very powerful proposition so the metal there of enterprises now executive chairman of one web much more from him in just a minute but setting aside the prize here let's look at the basics of this whole project just how many satellites are there already up in space from those various commercial players offering broadband people like Musk Jeff Bezos at Amazon Henry is a senior analyst for quilty analytics He covers the satellite industry I believe that's around 2000 active satellites in orbit by everyone in the world today or that was the case before space x. Started launching Starlink now space x. Has roughly a 1000 of their own satellites in orbit space x. Ultimately plans to put up around $12000.00 and has openly mused about as many as $42000.00 satellites in orbit Amazon system would be $3226.00 memory serves me right and then there's a venture out of Canada. That's planning a system of around $300.00 satellites you. Also have government initiatives that are being proposed in the u.s. By the European Union by China and by Russia all to field large numbers of hundreds of satellites if not eventually more these are staggering numbers so we have a space race and who's going to win because I assume that all of those different systems can't all function in the same way I mean they're not all going to find a space up there in the stratosphere or whatever spirit is whatever level of altitude without crashing into each other and causing an awful lot of space junk to rotate around the globe so most of these systems actually all of them are pursuing satellites and what's considered low Earth orbit and that everything between the beginning of space is usually recognized as about 100 kilometers above the earth to 2000 kilometers above the earth so even though there's a space race there actually is a lot of space to put satellites I think the bigger question that people have been asking is whether the market can support that many constellations can it indeed the big question really is about that business plan for these low Earth orbit constellations they're known collectively as Leo speaking early last year the law Musk who isn't short of a few pennies himself seemed to acknowledge that just keeping his Star Link enterprise financially afloat represented the key priority at the moment Guess how many we are constellations didn't go bankrupt. 0 literally is doing Ok and Albert of Radium One went bankrupt or Com went bankrupt Globalstar bankrupt told these are current corrupt. Want to be in the not bankrupt category that's a role. Well Starling's rival one where but has itself only recently emerged from bankruptcy protection it was rescued. Thanks to a big financial injection from Sunil Bharti metal along with the u.k. Government and the Japanese tech firm soft bank I asked Mr metal how he in visits turning this big financial gamble into a profit Well you know a constellation for a Leo will typically cost $6.00 to $7000000000.00 And you're right there's an expensive proposition and makes the business case that much harder for it to work to get success we took the decision because this company having spent nearly 3 and a half $1000000000.00 only are we benefited from the massive efforts and investment done in the prior period so in our hands this is going to be the cheapest constellation anywhere in the world with let's say 2.32.4000000000 dollars amongst your 4 key investors to cover the global the mobile networks have spent hundreds and hundreds of billions of dollars across the world so the difference between how you solve the globe to lend or more by networks versus satellite is still in favor of satellites Yeah but I mean you said it yourself you're reaching out to connect to the last 1000000000 I mean they're the last 1000000000 because they don't have any money I mean this is a knot of wealth the market you're appealing to is it a good point I think that's a very good point I'll tell you it's very very expensive to rule out services there so that is the reason for these people not to be connected to these regions not to be connected and not for the absence of money's being available take the case of India if you were to go to him a layers all the deep forest software depredation or check this girl Jericho and there are small hamlets 10 homes 15 homes which will never be provided a mobile coverage because it makes no economic sense Li places like India to talk about the u.k. For very affluent societies with minimum populations u.k. Has not been able to cover everybody in northern Scotland us has just finished a tender to cover all its. Areas and going for a reverse auction for a $16000000000.00 subsidy for those who can provide connectivity to the last remaining few 1000000 people in the u.s. So all over the world Africa e.u. Us Europe India Bangladesh people are there vetting for these services and I can tell you they will pay for it but yes you can't expect to take too much money from them so the governments are running subsidies the government running subsidy program so that's the model is it you're going to provide the private capital to get the infrastructure working and you're going to depend on government support to basically bankroll your business model so I would be a mixed bag if you take the government at their customer they will pay you top dollars to connect their critical installations velour their defense or whether installations or critical power plants etc who need $24.00 by 7 connectivity they will pay you top dollars and then you have shown and many time who are currently paying through the nose to get connected we'll be able to give them a much more economical affordable services on a satellite they would bankroll some of our monies that we need as a company to be viable and then their enterprise customers like us who want to have the 1st or 5th level of cloud connectivity people like Microsoft people like Google they all need satellite cloud connectivity should up a thunderstorm children are disturbed all else so there are tools of customers who will end up paying very large premiums to have this service that money will in turn be used for subsidising the rural and retail customers and that segment of the customers will also be eligible for being the simple end of the subsidies from the regulators and yet there's you there's even mask with Starlink we have Amazon we have the Chinese we understand there are so many players now competing in this market can the market sustain so many different players competing as you say for. In part very impoverished consumer base Well I would say 3 perhaps would be the ideal 2 would be fantastic but when you go into a 4th constellation then you start to sort of heat into each other lunch and start to make things difficult but do bear in mind there right now there are 2 horses which are running or flying as you may want to use the term it's going to be startling of space x. And one of our returning neck and neck to provide services everything else is far behind we have the spectrum priority and we have called how your. Space x. In the u.s. So we have a very high priority so you think you're winning this particular space race Yeah I know winning is a very singularly focused avoid which may just mean that everybody else has to lose in my lexicon of competition means coexistence a few players they make us nimble they make us monitor the show that the customer is going to choice so I would say we would be part of it meaning said offset like players I mean when do you start making a profit because this is as you say you're putting billions in upfront how long is the line of credit here thankfully given complete this 1st phase which requires only said about 2.32.4000000000 dollars So we are funding for that much and then this matter of then connecting more and more customers around the globe I would say by $2324.00 we should be really reasonably good financial shape. Body metal but there is more to this than just the challenge of turning a profit satellite providers have to win approval from national and international regulators as well and they have other concerns Victoria Samson is the Washington office director of the Secure World Foundation which looks at the long term sustainability of manmade incursions into space there's a concern just from a traffic management point of view these satellites go up they lived. A couple years they come back down hopefully you don't want them there cluttering up the orbit entirely forever a certain percentage of the salads once they're launched are just not going to work that just happens you know roughly the failure rate for satellite constellations is maybe 5 percent or so and 5 percent of $40000.00 which some of these constellations want to be that's a huge number of dead so it's what do you do about that and then concern that's growing more and more as the fact these satellites will have an astronomical observations from the ground oftentimes the satellites get in the way of your field of view and you know you have to determine which is going to be more important and yeah stomach observations or broadband satellite you'd like to think we can do both but this is changing how space is being used and I think our governance needs to change along with that waltz should happen or what can be done Ideally it would be the governments would be involved in this conversation but so far there's no really space Environmental Management Agency or anything like that involved in sharing the domain is there the long term and you know in theory you need to have end of life plans or Bilbrey mitigation guidelines that have been endorsed by the United Nations countries they're required to provide continuing supervision to ensure that these companies are following their legal obligations the best practices the concern is of course the amount of actors have changed drastically and just the governance isn't keeping up on it and I think really we need to rethink Ok well what are we trying to achieve here that is not really happening as of yet are you worried about the way that internationally this is going to play out but if you like the mechanisms of legislating the rules around this front it well the mechanism of legislation is definitely consideration but really it's more the capacity do you countries have the capacity to keep up with all these changes in space it's hard it's hard for countries that have more established and have a lot of investment in this and it's hard for. Entries that are new and still figure out what they're trying to achieve but their space capabilities Victoria Samson Well the problem of these new constellations blocking out of view of the stars has been dismissed by Ilan Musk for one he believes the new generation microsatellites will be just too small to obstruct anyone's view the question of space junk does have to be addressed though so we'll Bharti Mittal reckons the private contractors extraterrestrial garbage collectors you might call them are most likely going to be needed to clear away the growing Deborah up there this is an area of deep concern for the world at large we need to create into a government body which will start to deal with all of us in terms of how does decommissioning take place I'm glad to say there are companies which are now talking about being single a focused on providing services of the business who will offer their services to people like us and we'll have to be mandated I guess for us to ensure that whenever we could improve your paying somebody to clean the debris so this is going to be evolving process there will be those Mr middle who who look at you they look at the long mask they look at Jeff Bezos and others in this market and they say you're talking you're citing the dream of connecting the unconnected the last 1000000000 and so on but you're there to make money not to reduce inequality can you reassure us that this is truly for the greater good this project this this mission you know look let's let me start with a very important point that I made many times before you can be a scientist innovating things you can be a doctor treating people you could be an engineer building dams and bridges everybody has a job to do and in the end I think business needs to be seen as a force for good in this project will have a deep impact on the society but will this make profits is this going to be a commercial venture absolutely by all means no global enterprise. What their salt will be able to do anything for the world if they're not on Weibo sustainable commercial entity. Is a business venture but one very also venture which will be providing dramatic difference to the society that we live in for those people who are desperate to get around the Internet for those people who are. Connected and. We will not leave the last 1000000 behind Sunil Mittal ending that report by Ed Butler Well once you've got the Internet just what are you going to do with it create a business use it the school work or research or to find love despite the restrictions of the pandemic business is a beginning for dating apps these little pocket Cupid's a helping couples connect even if it's not quite in real life. We played lots of games that but the scrapple able to get to that rather than balls of people very quickly actually but we really got to know each other on a deeper level is definite how that challenge is you know it's been hard not being able to see each other during this time when actually it's kind of the ha. Ha you you know you spend a lot of talk together getting to each other and because it's a lot if the foetid at trying to keep Tao They keep separate from each other it's it has been challenging but it's also be really good for us. Online dating has never really worked out for me before the pandemic started and I was really happy meeting new people and going on a lot of dates I used to love to talk to people at the gym and maybe hopefully meet someone that way but right now it's just better to stay 6 feet away from everybody and keep your mask on so I'm kind of just saving dating again until after the pandemic is over and the world is back to normal. On the 29th of March last year as most of the world was plunged. District look down tend got most whites than ever before in its history the number of uses for most apps is up compared to that creek a bit levels and this week Bumble launched on the nonstick it stick is that it's female scented letting the women control which connections they make they says surprised at $43.00 don't as raising $2150000000.00 for the company so are investors excited by bumbles day to the stock market his I think still him from tech current I think investors are very very very excited one way that I try to track investor sentiment in a pretty i.p.o. Setting is how the company prices and Bumbles set an initial price range it raised that price range and then it priced above the raised interval and this is what we've seen from companies that have been very very hot this year like quality x. For example here in the United States a big software company that's pretty well known so that pattern to me indicates quite strong investor interest in the company which bodes well for its post of your performance why are they so excited about it do you think that's a really great question I'm slightly not as bullish as the market is on Bumble I think the idea is that dating apps have done better than many people expected during coated and so there could be some post coding momentum kind of built into their future growth plans also I think people have shown a great propensity to pay for dating services and I think that's going to stay for a very long time it's high margin software issue revenue a lot of it comes in a recurring format so why wouldn't investors who are already very bullish on the software world in general not apply strong will to pull the Bumble when it's talk about its growth patterns have they given any indication about what they might do next or what they might do with the cash that they've raised from this it's not entirely clear what their growth plans are companies you know are a little bit coy to say exactly what's going to happen after they go public because there are rules around that sort of thing my impression though looking back through their quarterly results kind of from Q one of this year through the end of the year is that after a little bit of a lot of patience a pretty strong growth My guess is that investors are religious anticipating that that growth will continue especially as vaccines spread to people. Begin to kind of go back outside and into the world is this excitement around dating apps specific to them specific to something that Bumble is doing or is it just didn't buzz around dating apps in general I think Bumble is doing well in the pandemic but I think also a lot of other day nuts are doing quite well as well Bumble for example rolled out video dating back in 2016 so it was quite early to a lot of the stuff the other day Knapps had recently brought into the mix but there have been some changes on the bubble platform that could yield long term benefits for example bubble that's enough kind of look integrated radius around yourself to find people who people are looking on different countries different continents meaning people around the world that could increase the overall usage of the up the attractiveness of paying for it so there could be some long term effects on a product sense from Kogut that could make bubble and getting us in general more attractive of users and investors it's found Whitney Wolf has really had to battle the competitors their house and oh very certainly I don't think anyone thought the couple years back that there was going to be enough space in United States dating app world for lack of a better phrase for there to be another public company everyone thought that Match Group which owns tender and Ok Cupid and other properties was going to have a stranglehold on the market but what would evolve her has done with Bumble is proof that that's not the case and I think that's going to bring a lot of hope to startups in the space and also to show that the overall market for software for consumers and businesses like is just bigger than we expected It's strange isn't it that dating apps have done so well because it could have gone either way I suppose that on one hand nobody's getting out to me in real life but on the other hand people that a single craving some kind of connection and you know it's really funny before Cove it was kind of a mark of pride in San Francisco or New York to have your own apartment you know when you had enough money to really kind of live by yourself without roommates and then suddenly the World shut down and not having roommates was terrible because you're all alone I have a bunch of friends who just now are stuck in their apartment by themselves and have been for an incredibly long time and they're trying to adopt dogs as fast as they can so yeah I think dating really plays well into this moment people want connection peep. Will want to be with each other and that's why I think bringing video dating into a lot of these didn't work so well people just want to spend time with each other and you know absent more designed for casual encounters may not be the best for the covered area if you want to stay safe from the pen Demick but I think a lot of other day now it's really do have services in kind of focuses on relationships communication so forth that does still kind of work during covered and if you're more lonely just like more Alex Wilhelm from Tech Crunch as a journalist spending a fair amount of time with half an eye on the t.v. Nice channels one of my slightly guilty pleasures in the town has been silently judging the virtue backgrounds of the politicians and commentators who regularly pop up and video link from their homes and I'm not alone there's a Twitter account devoted to schooling their home office setups Michelle Obama recently schooled a 10 out of 10 for her use of color and lighting whilst poor old former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers didn't get a single point thanks to some poor placement on the Internet went into brief hysterics this week as a lawyer from Texas accidentally turned up to a virtual court with a cat filter on Mr Paul and I believe you have a filter turned on in the video settings are. The number George I can hear you I think it's a filter it and there isn't no out of. Our system her she's trying to all our lives not I'm not a cat I can see that well even when we appear in human form for our business meetings is it still important to have a small background Nick Bates is chief executive of the bond International and he's been selling books of people working from home to make their home offices look when a bit more erudite He's been chatting to make colleagues Victoria Craik now we get about 5 queries every single week for people who are really conscious of their work surroundings at home and trying to decorate accordingly so people actually do. Tell you I want to make my Zoom background effectively look a little bit better than what I have now it does happen but actually more often than not people are coming to us and saying my office or the area of which I work you look pretty sparse I'd like some books they call. 3 yards of books or 5 yards of books and the times it works best is when we enter into a dialogue with the customer and we understand what they're into so it's not just sort of a vanity project for some people they actually do care what the books are that fit on the shelves behind them Yeah definitely yeah yeah one of the things that we've been kind of pointing out to people is that whether it be 25 books 50 books or more most people will admit to having not read all of the books on their shelf but they have satisfaction in knowing that they're as a when they get time to read them yeah I think I'm guilty of that I think I've probably bought more books than I care to admit trying to count but neck on average I guess how much would you say your customers are willing to spend on these sorts of projects if a customer is looking for a single yard sale like a crime novels we have those in abundance so that might be anything between like 50 and a 100 pounds if somebody is looking for all the books in a specific subject area and the age come into play so the best examples would be when we were dealing with t.v. Or film in the past and the period pieces companies might have to satisfy a very very specific brief So you know they wouldn't want necessarily book that was published 2 years after the scene that they were filming without you know if somebody is looking to feel like every scene in Downton Abbey that you're talking about a lot of volume of books that hard to come by so has the demand that you've seen sort of from these personal collections maybe filled the gap that you saw when t.v. And film production stopped because of the pandemic last exactly right yeah it's grown over the whole period I think there's some people who work lives are changed for good t.v. Or film. It has come back a little bit the hospitality industry that was massively challenge so this is an area which is growing as I think people take on new habits Nick Bates from the International thanks for being with us today the show was produced by Matthew Davies and edited by John the 3 goodbye. This is the b.b.c. World Service and on this week's assignment personal protective equipment like masks and gloves are the last line of defense for health care workers on the front line preventing them from getting infected by the coated patients they care for How protected are the factory workers who make these products join the Phil camp to find out. To the heart of this story assignment at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash assignment. And in an hour from our own correspondent with Pascal Harter in the alleys lined with shacks where the power and horse have failed and the children attention it's because he's teaching school but now that's closed our reporter is given slippers and welcomed by people shouting Thank you for choosing the b.b.c. World Service the world's media station. Coming up on the b.b.c. World Service World Wide Waves the sounds of community radio I'm Maria Margaret and for World Radio Day I'm taking you on a trip across 5 continents to visit some of the most inventive and fighting small radio stations on earth we are broadcasting from where of greed in the media are examples so we don't have a cable coming from the sea to go we're too far from the rainforest of Cameroon to the Danube Delta from Tamil Nadu to the tin mines of Bolivia and the never her reservation in the United States these stations give voice to the voiceless lift spirits and change lives. We don't strive ourselves in to the studio we will introduce. We do this in order to cope in order to continue fighting for democracy. June and to those worldwide waves after the news. I'm Stuart Macintosh with the b.b.c. News Hello Democrats have failed in their bid to have Donald Trump convicted on a charge of incitement to insurrection but they persuaded more Republicans to vote against their former president than in any previous impeachment trial $57.00 senators voted to convict Mr Trump of inciting insurrection over the deadly assault on the u.s. Capitol last month short of the required 2 thirds majority the leader of the Democrats in the Senate Chuck Schumer criticized the Republicans who voted for the acquittal the vast majority of the Senate Republican caucus including the Republican leader voted to acquit former President Trump signing their names in the columns of history alongside his name for ever the failure to convict Donald Trump will live as a vote of infamy in the history of the United States Senate the Republican leader in the Senate Mitch McConnell launched a savage attack on the former president after the vote saying he was practically and morally responsible for the events on Capitol Hill but he couldn't be convicted as it was unconstitutional to impeach someone out of office John Sopel looks back at an unprecedented we can Congress after 4 days of acrimonious hearings the 2nd impeachment trial of Donald Trump came to a close and the vote to convict or acquit 7 Republicans did find him guilty but not enough to convict the events of January the 6th when the Trump supporting mob marched on Congress and ran amok after the former president told them to march there will never be forgotten but of course the person most relieved by today's vote will be Donald Trump he escapes conviction but he'll go down as the 1st Us president in history to be impeached twice. The White House deputy press secretary has resigned a day after being suspended for threatening a reporter the White House said that the administration is committed to meeting the standards of dignity and civility set by President Biden David Willetts reports t.j. Duck low allegedly called a reporter from The Politico website in an attempt to kill a story about his romantic life threatening to ruin her reputation if she published it when details of the call became public the White House responded by suspending Mr Duck low for a week without pay but other journalists protested saying the punishment sent the signal that reporters were fair game for the incoming administration in his resignation statement Mr Douglas said he was devastated to have embarrassed President Biden and called his own behavior abhorrent and disrespectful the health minister in Guinea says 4 people have died of a bowl in the 1st cases of the disease there in more than 4 years Remy Lamar said he was deeply concerned about the resurgence of the deadly hemorrhagic fever in the south east of the country the 1st known victim of the outbreak was a nurse this is the world news from the b.b.c. The military authorities in Myanmar have reinstated a law requiring people to report overnight visitors to their homes the and earlier suspended laws preventing the arrest of suspects without court appeal The move comes as the security forces continue to search for and arrest supporters of the protests that have brought tens of thousands on to the streets since the military coup the judge proposed by the opposition in Haiti to serve as acting president has called on people to fight against what he called a dictatorship yourself Miss Sen John Louis made no public comment since being nominated to replace President Juvenal Maurice whose term seemingly expired last weekend though he argues it still has another year to run. The u.s. Supreme Court has clear the way for the extradition of 2 American men who are accused of helping the foreman is an chairman colors go on to flee Japan last year the court denied an emergency request by lawyers for Michael Taylor an Army Special Forces veteran and his son Peter to hold a lower court order that had given the green light for their extradition to Japan last September archaeologists in Egypt of on Earth to what could be the world's oldest known beer factory dating back around 5000 years it was found at an ancient burial ground in the desert Paddy McGuire reports in the desert west of the River Nile the joint Egyptian American project made the discovery at the burial ground at a by Dos a site from the earliest times of ancient Egypt that houses vast cemeteries and temples experts found a huge units each 20 meters long and containing pottery basins used to heat a mixture of grains and water the end result beer would have been served at Royal rituals and sacrificial rights at the time of King Nama the founder of the 1st domestic period that the latest b.b.c. News. One of the. This is radio it's the crackle of connection the company in your kitchen the music that takes you home and. Really you have to take everything in I think is an amazing technology because you only have to broadcast it we try we don't reach it and then they get the information they like is never the. Radio and parking and I'm always talking to somebody out there that is going through the same thing I'm going through and if I can just get that person out of the loneliness or their depression that they're feeling that's fine I mean I've done my job for the day. We may live in a digital age but only half the world is online radio is cheap technology and travel through thin air. I'm Maria Margaret onus and you're listening to the b.b.c. World Service one of the globe's biggest networks but for World Radio Day We're taking a tour of some of the smallest radio stations on earth stations that give voice to communities and keep languages alive. Stations to combat climate change and loneliness stations that speak truth to power and change lives. Our 1st station comes to you from an adobe house in the forest of Cameroon it's early in the morning. The King of the day for the opening of the air we let's go. Oh. God I don't watch. Any report. How to communicate a couple city shut up and down the pub market look at my name is. I am an artist and I'm also a community leader I find you I do use for the developing world for the African most poorest communities to improve their lives because I grew up as a poor child and this is what a.b. He said is the founder and animating spirit of radio trouble in the rain forest village of the time you can imagine and it. Ran forest and where people don't have running water and there is a all over and you can see why I knew more every day monkeys clamping I don't do trees you can see totals you know walk into the houses houses I'm a different not bricks the bush is green like the shirt of the Cameron football team and the sky he said. In due time is the village also where there is no fans around the houses and so some time when I have a meeting I do read you I just grab a motorcycle so I can go faster because I can't walk to the review. I will not make it on time anybody I see on my i Pod I have to stop and read them for about I mean I know how to minutes 3 minutes each person is ordered and you he will let you go after I see all these questions how you know your farm. And how the job so you have to answer to all these questions as part of the greeting indeed let you go you have a big smile on your face when you talk about it I think you love the place. Yes it is big it's because my childhood memory so that's why I'm smiling. Because when I talk about it even on the over the radio I hear that I see those images in my cup when I was at that point I was I don't. Think. That was. Where I think it is of 7 because I came from a Muslim religious background my fighter no one we could make art in the city and so my Mahdi took me to the deleted occupation. But she told me if you want to make art you have to farm for me so I said child I found like a crazy I run to get water every day go to the bush to get wood before I go to school. And then that's what brought me up as a person. In the 1990 s. He said was jailed and tortured in Cameroon for his powerful political cartoons and campaigns against government censorship he escaped to France but his mother's village still cling to him in Paris his art students held a bake sale to buy a wheelchair for a young polar survivor in the time that 1st wheelchair like tomorrow and eventually took community based charity hoping to National for teacup people that brought clean water and health care to thousands of people in the rainforest so it was just like a shift into my life to be called by a charity work to do it but actually I just wanted to look anybody at what you would call to do this because you know for a good guy Grunow. When I was 9 years old I remember seeing a disease taking people it's garlic piece she can die and then go and she dies and then you start people getting sick so you can bury 3 people in the . Radio temple is he says latest project it's been on him since August 27th teen and it's funded by donations and the money isa raises through his art and body painting ceremonies so why add a radio station to everything else that you're ready doing because you do actually take over your own life nobody can come and save you but read you is the easiest call you can be for anybody who never been to school to just have a tiny cell phone with them cheap you need to listen to the review because there is no one cell phone 3 out Ricans today. We don't actually have to set up a network or a week around us you only have to brokers from the village and then people I respect already since the mission and indeed know what to do or not not to do so really it was a perfect thing to do. You. Know . We're broadcasting from solar energy of greed in the middle of the jungle so we don't have cable coming from the sea to go we're too far. No on the roof of the radio station and we're broadcasting any time we can't the solar panel means there's light in the radio house at night to see kids can go there to do the homework school results in the time have improved we reach now about 70 the indigenous didn't reach Yes 70 villages but we don't want that far because we still have a lot of things to improve. We already have a one might there transmitted doesn't go to us we broke up for about dirty 5 kilometers around our. And also a good important thing to see is that we broadcast in 7 languages but didn't understand. That America doesn't. Plan to still be broadcast in French in the car broke us an English which is also pidgin English we're broadcasting Jonty we're broadcasting outside in phylum about vague and. Intimate Your And if you love the git owned to the mess you will know when f.m. Minima you'll be in your money he said yes but their money well it's been minimal you will know that's it's a car. Led does not present. This message and why radio tabooed why the name real time will be is because there is a lot of taboo in our society and I can give you an example one tribe next to my community is using brass Ione So when 2 girls come back from school they are put. On by the fire or would it be so would they heat it up and my sash the chest so it doesn't grow and she can be extracted men so we are observed out martyrs I do indeed but we can have a radio station and invite all the community to discuss this issue until it is not necessary to do that you do want to be good as a nation and then she will get drawn as you know grew as a normal person. So it is just a platform that people can come and converse and sharing ideas through a society and rules and being. A. Player who shall miss. West all of this and C. Listen to some of the lonely because. It was about love and Lucia. Yes it was about love and that and charm because people do have to order people to love them and so didn't doubt kind of. Explaining that you know you can. You can actually make a sham to somebody but if you don't know what order ingredients leg putting flowers being kind to the lowers or the more erotic you try on would know work you know so these are all taboo in the can really society but that was kind of the light. I'm a manger. Down. And my teeth I handed him a definitive premier back. Lolita says she took her 1st steps in radio in January 29th when she presents the radio taboo morning show from 5 to 6 every weekday then at 730 she goes to teach 74 children at the village school she has 2 children of her own age 5 and $8.00 as well as a cornfield and a man you feel to look after taking a player who say country much less risky. Yet he said they don't require you to believe them I said could you get a boner to book. When she walked through the village and people say that was good but you said this morning it helps to get up early now she's made a lot of listeners happy. Or did. A Malaysian Sunday piece on p.c. View this is. A. Woman. Who done exactly. Who could lead. Some of the women politically. She says the radio has educated people and they're really happy to have it here in the town especially as other villages and the us there are women who work on the technical side radiate of those well I asked if it was hard for them to get involved yes it was difficult because some Muslim woman who was you know 40 got his marriage their husband you know the one to come over the radio but because I am sitting on the board so when are you going to have a meeting with all these other then know that I am wrong he would. Just say Ok if my wife Don't come back home I don't get I know you. Then I think then that you know if your wife get an education it just means that your family got to. If you kid it you know what I mean because you don't have a wife that's you know educating me your children will not do well in school. And daughters has been also said that I just don't want to miss my food every day you know I want to make sure it's still be. So before they come to do ready to have to make sure that they cook to finish cooking when we come back from the farm to be nice looking and maybe she didn't think bad there was so dad a radio station just out walking on your own students maybe they can teach that has been still cook. We are no it. Doesn't come to me. Anything on the Internet down. Sometimes community radio is about making change sometimes it's about preserving things that might be lost there are community stations in remote European villages too like this one on the shore of the Danube Delta. Like your cheeks when to go to get an organ or else so. The fishing village of stone to your he sits at the mouth of a branch of the River Danube where it flows into the Black Sea it's in Romania but its $700.00 inhabitants are a mix of ethnicities most of them are Ukrainians or wholly who've been there since the 1300. Or so on. The air or the. House. The. The. So you speak Ukrainian Yes I speak my mother gauge me and my grandmother I don't get just school only at home my language Ira saying Rumanian. And said you're going to love this critique my language isn't written only spoken so do you feel you're helping to preserve the language with the station yes definitely yes. Or berries or school. Your car horribly. Your or your. Banshee your war. Ok My name is me Double I'm I'm from sun to go out again I want to hear as nurse as a community or a nurse I am born here and. I volunteer you far your c.v. And they'd like get you back out that almost don't you know from asa ship look out at me on. Crime are also my stand down or not you are gone and I'm you know. That's about what I got from Bush on but you know. 2 a lot more delicious but a lot of your. I do Chief expansion George is part of the grassroots wavelets project funded by the European Commission it has a sister station in another village in Romania the seed for it blew in from the capital Bucharest a long day's drive away but it's definitely taken root So how did you get involved with the radio they found me. There were any Someone that when they came to ask me where the right one to collaborate with the local radio you're on these dark I said yes Benji look I can see their art when you close I can see that they're a very useful tool in my community it was Leon again there a human rights activist with a media watchdog in Bucharest who helped to set up at the achieve it and found Mira basically we chose these 2 villages by accident in whole hey you know it was just because for example before in the case of sun to go to get some of us really love that place we got to the seaside there is a really remote area it's a very interesting Garia. We were not expecting it to work that well when we came for it was fun to get together the body was soul. And enthusiastic of the project now is not going to work is not going to happen and someone pointed us to meet our so you interview people both in your day job and for the radio when is the moment. Bend around your t.v. Could Alison's interview or call one of her radio survey I interview people in the community it's best to lead the all are ones. 'd who are. That's 79 year old Maria singing with her childhood friend Kondrat who's $82.00 they're both widowed and the songs tell the story of the youth and the hard hungry years after the 2nd World War Bender go browse the last thing that a lot of you know if you want them. To Jimmy Story and ones that are because I want to show the young people who we are but I wonder in our history and especially I wonder not to forget that we are a fishing village year I got them I was on the ocean it was appearing in theaters from the city. And that's Mira making traditional fish soup chartable with her cousin get to and share in the recipe on where it takes fresh vegetables and 2 or 3 kinds of fish smoked on the fire for flavor and it's eaten with lots of garlic and I do Chief it also reports on the issues facing fishermen as climate change and the Danube conservationists are at his put limits on their catch Do your Any mine well there's a Jan they're going to say might they squish them started you know it's been 10 years we could fish Pogo the climate changing and that's why some fish species are disappearing are digital and these kids here problema local money 30 care they're going to have something called to it thank you Lord we do discuss issues that might not be popular with your authority like the Gandy G.'s Vaculik that is have been but that's the other there is also the problem of house wandering through the streets. I thought me and I have 3 cornered on her farm and we left the village to go back to Bucharest and I don't think I made it back to Bucharest and me I was already sending me recording she she went on the beach it was summer and she started interviewing people in the area and speaking in a language is that I don't know in Spanish in French treat tourists. My 1st impressions of sin Georgia this morning was just such a peaceful little place piece of heaven set apart from the world we've been into the church has had the magnificent singing which we don't get in this thread. I want to sing that and weaving down the Delta this morning all around the reeds and the birds in the policeman's and the Comber and send everything and it was just so overwhelming it's just the most beautiful. Peaceful place it's just no extraneous sounds from the. Audience. The European funding has come to an end but Maida and their fellow volunteers determined to stay on the air you don't go many did you see what John was. That there would only look out on your t.v. Said there'd be no point out there I think. It belongs to the community it is I want to voice I want to radio Civic to become the voice of the not only. The voice of all of each. House with that's when I. Was younger of the most. That I did. I marry a mugger in this and you're listening to World Wide Waves on the b.b.c. World Service Stay with us after the news as we tune into the tin mines of Bolivia the fishing islands of Tamil Nadu and the voice of the Navajo Nation. This is the b.b.c. World Service these black holes are anywhere from a $100000000.00 to a 1000000000 times the mass of the sun each pair of Lacoste can take about 25000000 years to emerge from the truth is stranger than fiction I'm left wondering just what has been running 246 kilometers down to these run his body. Was a recent study of spot half long run is showed that just after the race that blood samples look similar to those of people close to death and where our imitates life we have knowing squares of antiques so at the top we have a training life where we can show people how to feel something that may be wrong in the body science it's the most astonishing because it combines absolute beauty which something so scientific on the b.b.c. World Service after the news on the b.b.c. World Service part 2 of World Wide Waves our celebration of the power and pleasures of community radio with me very a mugger in this. Stay with us to hear how it in mine a station in the Bolivian Andes has stood up to dictatorships and military attack how Tamil sailors on Pan Island Fish for music as well as crabs and how radio helps the Navajo Nation keep going through a pandemic that's taking away its elders its stories and it's a croissant. B.b.c. News with Stuart McIntosh Democrat served failed to have Donald Trump convicted on a charge of incitement to insurrection but they persuaded more Republicans to vote against their former president than in any previous impeachment trial $57.00 senators voted to convict Mr Trump over the deadly assault on the u.s. Capitol last month including 7 Republicans their party leader in the Senate Mitch McConnell voted to acquit Mr Trump on constitutional grounds but said he had been practically and morally responsible for his supporters deadly attack Mr Trump called the trial a witch hunt by President Biden said the storming of the Capitol showed Americans that democracy was fragile and there was no place for violence and extremism the health minister of Guinea has reported for deaths from Ebola the country's 1st cases in over 4 years thousands of Burma's have returned to the streets for a night day of protests against the military coup monks and engineers lead a rally in young motorcyclists drove through the streets of the capital nap in Tel some protest has said they've been building barricades to keep out security forces . You know Haiti the judge proposed by the opposition to serve as acting president has called on people to fight against what he called a dictatorship missin Louis made no public comment since being nominated to replace President juvenile Maurice his term seemingly expired last weekend although he says he has another year to run rights activists say Venezuela has freed 12 members of the indigenous Pema on community held for over a year on a foreign attack on a military post lawyers say they were tortured despite having played no role in the attack and archaeologists in Egypt have unearth what could be the world's oldest known beer factory 8 units were found dos they date back some 5000 years b.b.c. News. Welcome back to World Wide Waves on the b.b.c. World Service this is Marie inaugural is taking on a tour of some of the world's remote community radio stations Eastland you just last week when. We. Were nominated of a provocative in what most of those are most in like I said By the looks there were don't show ourselves to the studio you know we used to go out into the indigenous communities we all into the mines and we do this in order to crowd to give Look tourists and I was sure one festivals in order to continue fighting for democracy Felix thought this is the director of the Catholic idea appeal Dorsey which serves the miners of the signal of entertainment high in the Bolivian Andes at their peak in the 1950 s. And sixty's there were almost 30 minus radio stations in Bolivia most of them organized and funded by the miners themselves lots of your ass they lick. All form all eventually isthmus is really about all of the current experience you know 2000 years ago all for a way out of in the actual struggles of the poor people here in our community does it proudly carries on that tradition of resistance forged during decades of dictatorship and military coups the needs here still fast they see me numb days many a month and then they see their new psyche and at the appeal go see it possibly fit into that but I'm an Amy's and I am orderly I mean I have worked here at Diana p.l.c. For 37 yes you know. I have worked in the women's department the Department of men with the Department of juice I have also been on a banjo least preach it over the radio and I have been reported on the ground right now because I am working with a woman in 9 is of the town. Or a father. Of the from Earth where there was a live gardener in the muscle of a literary. Device in the media is then the really deeply meant to explode woman cheaply exploited so fierce is the lower wages 2nd is the lack of opportunity and service is in my cheese more on the violence that still permeates much of the could or I would not last in cordoning like the muscle dress that there's young women who tailors this choice in tears or the worst week much courage but many feel these hard 10 when they tell us they complain and talk to us about the molestation that they spray and in their minds do you feel that some women are afraid that if they tell their stories there will be some sort of bad consequences for them to see it most if you look if you also. Of course we experience that and we have had the women testified to the fact that if they speak to us even about something like a sexual assault in their workplace they could be fired and they could lose they only an income many of then never lend to rethink or right many of then are fluent in their native or d. Jing a language of a mad at and Kycia rather than a Spanish so they have a lot at risk when it comes to telling us their stories. Being shy and friend because they are thieves and their minds. In $1052.00 a popular revolution in Bolivia legalized labor unions the radical miners unions quickly set up radio stations like level still Minetta and that idea nationality Hernani broadcasting music political education news and drama serials or novellas to the workers. That you feared us a had a different beginning it was set up by Catholic missionaries in 1959 to compete with the union stations combating alcoholism silicosis and above all communism the last seem any sort of us as is humanly alarming and the miners unions hated it and resented its modern equipment they dynamited its antenna towers and burned in effigy of its director but peer does a stayed on air and in 1967 as Che Guevara's guerrillas and to Bolivia something happened that changed everything the. The. Gun Tillich's Could you describe for us what happened on the night of Sun one of the things they got aboard I thought that all her boarders became poor a legacy ability or Usually the government in a one workers' unions to your part of doing a redress so they decided to or could play the mines if it blows again more but I think all the plans called Operation ping when the military swept down from the mines to the time. One of Yog below shooting people as they went more than 20 were killed but I do appear Dorsett denounced the massacre and began advocating for the minus the dumb America then with your there was a lot of one moment of change from a more Cratylus oriented the station to a more labor or even devastation done fairly extreme you were small boy at the time do you have personal memories of that event you'll be asked their car I think that oh we never saw all our lives very near to where mine is union by Plus I'm a narrow another time it was this science festivals so they were sitting in one fires in their class and the children were jumping over the bonfires until quite late at night until midnight we papar thoroughly your Aunt Isabella think of the money and. Every last. The last lump are they will mean they saw my father live a crew of miners he working underground and he had gone to war that night when the shooting is started to my mother was worried because the shooting was very loud . It was not just bullets also bazookas it was shaking the roof which were thought the roof at the time the mamma your thought my mother called me and my brothers from or rooms to the main room pulled us in a circle and pull couch cushions body of blankets all around us to try and protect us from any bullets. At all as well as live in the ammonia and the shooting didn't a stop until 9 in the morning so when the shooting started. I remember stepping out of the door and in the gallery in front of the house there was a fireman who was there and there was Shayla son bullets literally all over the ground and I saw with my own eyes that this foreigner got out all night and he listed at the time America not be our whenever they could tell us that he was they cut military city to the bilious So there were no way to listen to the very down was how we lived for several days and when it was finally over. We had to call or you could buy these take them to the cemetery. Is the worst automatic and marched to the cemetery orders for a lot lot of glottal I will point read you feel lost they became video Limbaugh with the struggles of the workers. They went into their workplaces went into their homes and went into the indigenous communities to really be able to cross their story the face of crisis because the faces of the workers appeared on his change of mission made it a target for Bolivia's military government it was attacked and destroyed more than once but has always rebuilt and returned by $985.00 the market for tin had collapsed many of Bolivia's mines have closed as have their radio stations Radio peer Dorsey is one of the few that remain elusive in the enemy No one in his shoes in a walk. In when they enter denying the miners tell me they end them with Christ in the mouth. No no we if they would enter or leave again. Somebody loves the Euros the so-called rule. You know you'll get this is spit on you say this you know she was. Mean To me it could Carlos a Sam 90 point full. Numbers. From the 10 mines of Bolivia we crossed the Pacific Ocean to the sparkling waters of Tamil Nadu and a very different kind of hard work he'll be blurred we cannot see the people who are here because of course we have the c. And c. Gives a lot of money but the thing is when there is a rich that is. So. Rich owns a board for works for the board. Cut down the say in sound of the city in terms of the stations based in the village of Brahma Suaram on Pambo an island in the fertile Gulf of Minot which is also a bicycling is a part of its mission is to balance the needs of the fishermen with the needs of the ocean through programs like some of their own political friendship with the c. O. O o. O you know people are very straightforward and very seldom depending. It's a small village the do one leaked additional fishing I don't know who the id. Is the station manager she used to work in commercial radio on the mainland and 1st came to the island to do a puja ceremony for her late grandfather one of the temples here then she started coming up. Cans to train the stuff and then she moved here early and I didn't even know to differentiate between a man couldn't learn as I've been but now we're going to get a lot of. Very eighty's and what does do go a lot of new stuff I'm seeing So this is giving me it's a going and keeping me lively. And going to come easy to get there now. Since programs include shark day world turtle day how to be a good person and interview with a tender coconuts there are also English lessons I listen to radio radio that secret listen up get it I listen to radio. Marti disappointing to me but it's to better that we get a sort of I go to the market too selfish the station reaches about 50000 people and 30 feel it is a lot of fishermen listen well mending and that's all from their boats on transistor radios. With a. Man who does it happily husband and wife they have to be good to the nearest I like the college to see wheat's d.d. a Quad a d. Or dual or 2 maids an hour and then they come back so when they go there they take the lead you along with them and our review is being just and 17 not to go mates on this is our interest only that much so when we go beyond a limit what they do is they connect a wire to the 80 or so the connector copper wire and then the extended so. Ok. There fisherman right so they can fish for a radio signal as well as fish. And of Indeed. After listening to the shore after knowing about the importance of those be there. And they release the sea turtles on to the sea they cut the nets and release the into the sea so this is not only gives or. Even pleasure gives a more that the specs in thought all work more than this what it is we need that. I'm going to meet in the local body admittedly not but let me not get much of. A big climate change is already affecting Pam by night and tree says the sea level run the island has risen enough to cover the local cricket grounds and as the fisherman interviewed in that program explains fish stocks are falling too early or they used to get a lot of pretty big the fish that is big fishes but now big fishes are not available on nearby the shore big fish is gone inside to see a little bit and all Earlier they used to fish for very little pain now they're fishing for 24 of us to get the same amount of fish so this is a drastic change not the m one gulf proffered what they used to get from the sea earlier it has reduced and are people worried about this just people are worried about this people have a belief that after 2000 forced tsunami that is a lot more change in the sea people are not able to understand it doesn't blame a change also supports women in the community who work on the sidelines of the fishing industry collecting see we don't making seashell jewelry or drying fish. C.s.m. 90 point full number that kind of want to be seated. Still the victims of child marriage and they're often abandoned by their husbands who leave them to work abroad in partnership with Unicef has launched a program to express to inform and support them nowadays I come across a lot of women who are good in their life who are ready backward in their life because of being a victim of this child marriage so when I talk to a girl who is like coming in asking for a job coming and asking. What have you studied No I have not studied I got married at the age of 15 so they stopped me from going to school some girls come to the station because they say listening to the radio makes them happy guy a tree invites them in for a couple of hours a day to help with their reading. She told me that she completed her beginning she became very fond of us and we also like her and she also liked the job they did one day she told me that man my lady I'm not a big matted in the job but I was doing. Was shocked Ok here is then why is it is Ok Ok no problem but no she leaves Well now she's not allowed to come to office . Situation since she knows a good thing since she knows how to talk she has a You Tube channel. And she said. Stations a bit different for one thing it's commercial for another it has a huge range that's because it binds a marginalized and widely scattered nation within the United States happy 9th birthday. Family love you so much happy birthday to you Kate. But not born a Shane. Navajo was my 1st language and I was raised by my grandparents who spoke nothing but Navajo language. I didn't know how to speak English when I went to school and I was kind of made fun of a lot of followers in school because of my language. Dixon is the lead d.j. For Katie n n the voice of the Navajo nation is based on the Navajo reservation that spreads if it does its high plains and the 4 sacred mountains across 27000 square miles in the American Southwest never hope people spend a lot of time driving and keep some company with a mix of traditional Navajo music country hits and local heroes of the Navajo country music scene like the state line band. Which. As far as their Navajos we've made an interpretation of what Katy in the stands for and k. Is. You know is fire in Navajo and then team is 4 to which is water and then n. Is for our Mother Earth Song and the other in is for lift which is air so they're kind of like the elements of the Navajo Nation. Who. Has been that people we get up at the crack of dawn you know and we go outside when everything is so calm means the people it's what the Navajo call themselves and that's when our ancestors told us that that's when the Holy People are out and they're traveling from the east to the west and when you're out there you're at knowledge and them as they are to you and you to them and you ask for blessings and that's when you'll get the most blessing is what we're told so we don't sleep late we get up and in the traditional way and we sleep past when the sun rises they say it only brings poverty these are some of the messages I talk about like in the morning when I get up I tell everybody Hey Get up Get up Get up you know it's a new day you know people less you know be happy smiling you woke up you know breathing Those are my morning shows. Getting a recall you old good time tonight action on Nazis not up but say they are one band the state line aka daily lives by Navajo traditions a broadcast helped to keep old people company and teach the younger ones I'm still not far from my roots as you know to a lot of Navajo people especially our elders out there and are listening every day they really relate to me I think the elderly's really really enjoy what I have to share on the radio because I bring up a lot of my upbringing teachings by my grandparents the do's and don'ts of life you know a lot of taboos out there with the Navajo tradition for going on 15 years and I love it I talk about lead. But because of the love for my people and the communication I have through the airwaves it's something I've grown to love we speak our language 247 on the radio for myself when I do my so I go back and forth between Navajo in English I think about the younger generation and I also think about the people that don't understand and that whole language k.t.s. Window Rock to high g. Because the tall 18 any and 16 engines are going out really under one toy or zillions and $100.00 knot of is on top we do have a president and the vice president of the United States to get the make even the thought that they need not in our kitchen died Kate at that article at a young Macon on there that we cannot even then you are just Joe Biden though and not something that I got Kaamelott Harris done in the yard they got the mickey he lost the coronavirus pandemic has devastated the type of a whole nation more than one in 350 people here have died President Biden has declared it a major disaster and authorized emergency federal aid Katyn and broadcast information about infection control and vaccines in Navajo and English central workers are no gave him yawn then Tanya says she got her 2nd shot no side effects on 2 hours ago 2nd shot should be on a feeling fine so far McGurn are back pain they are just not and for just some information I don't I've been sharing information about herbs that we've been using for for I hope it are but that I didn't know most of those who died the keepers of the language the stories and the sacred ceremonies are elderly you know there's a big difference between us and you know the white people or the Mexican people nothing is written in black and white the Christianities they have their Bibles. For ours it's everything is passed down verbal e. And you know we've lost a lot of good medicine people we've lost a lot of good spiritual leaders healers through this pandemic and it's something that we can't get back I myself lost little sister I'm the oldest of 7 family and she was the 3rd one she contracted the virus and. We just lost another one yesterday and this is all to the virus and it's hard. What the Navajo people we've gotten used to. A certain kind of way of doing feels gatherings been there for each other our family's been there comforting each other but with this pandemic it took that away from us we can do is call each other and it's something the same it is just. It's her breaking. It's a nightmare for us but with radio through all this I traded away from my people the mourning the grieving the loneliness that they feel in their homes by trying to be happy trying to. Is there mine where. My laughter because I know I know what each household is going through with losing a loved one and it's the care I have for for my people that's what keeps me on the radio. One of my sisters text me she says his sister sister is that they're not she made it to moderation because every flag you see in front of the White House represents somebody that was taken by Kobe and brought some relief up there on a yacht or I think she remembered you know knowing that might be worth remembering . There in the inauguration of 2021. It made me feel good and. You know what you know. It brought some of my spiritual strength back knowing that she was remembered. We. Had that idea Chief expense to go to get that idea appealed those who say and Katie and then I just 5 of the thousands of community radio stations broadcasting around the world they connect people save stories change lives lift spirits so if there's one day you and if there isn't one not stop one you've been listening to World Wide Waves on the b.b.c. World Service I'm Maria modernise the producer was David happy world rated day she . This is the b.b.c. World Service where our coronavirus Frontline series continues this is a work or video bus in quotes and as the vaccine program rolls out in the u.k. There is hesitancy in some communities about having it to dispel myths and lies is going to be crucial to protect the people who are most at risk of credit 90 coronavirus frontline the search for a vaccine at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash documentaries. And in 30 minutes the cultural frontline director how will you on how his new film $76.00 days captured the personal stories of new hands painted not down plus a kind of chilly directing my top Alberta shows the left and she's alone or a disgrace there's growth there are a lot of true. There's no question. Their present crop as practical and morally responsible for provoking the other question about. For his part Mr Trump said the trial of been another phase in the greatest which in the history of the United States President Biden said the storming of the Capitol had reminded Americans that democracy was fragile and there was no place for violence and extremism our correspondent nor me or it could spend Saturday following events at the Senate his her assessment one of the the hopes that the the democratic process tad with this a Pietschmann trial was that it ended in a in a conviction that the next step would have been to take a vote which would have applied just a simple majority to stop Donald Trump from holding office again now it remains to be seen whether or not she runs for the presidency because he did lose even though he doesn't accept that loss and will he want to put himself through that again so if Donald Trump doesn't stay in in politics in a in a very kind of obvious way I'm certain that he will still somehow be involved whether it's his children or having some say over the Republican Party. The head of the World Health Organization draws at her mum Gary a source says he's awaiting confirmation of a resurgence of Ebola in Guinea the Health Ministry in Conakry as reported the country's 1st of 4 deaths from the hemorrhagic fever since 2016 Julian Bedford has the details the 1st name victim of the latest outbreak was a nurse from the southeast of the country 8 people who attended her funeral at the beginning of February became infected and 3 have died Denise health minister has said he's deeply concerned about the resurgence of the virus but infrastructure put in place during the last that break should ensure the disease can be better contained this time around and treatments for a bowl have greatly improved with the vaccine having being successfully used in recent outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo that was Julian Bedford hamster Mackintosh in London with the world news from the b.b.c. China has criticised the United States for expressing concern at Beijing's alleged lack of cooperation with the recent World Health Organization mission to one saying Washington should not be pointing fingers the head of the w.h.o. Team said it needed more data for its work and the White House said Beijing had to release the information Beijing has insisted it's been transparent with the w.h.o. Thousands of Perm ease have returned to the streets for a 9th day of protests against the military coup monks and engineers that a rally in the main city young Gone Wild motorcyclists drove through the streets of the capital Naypyidaw the new military authorities of reinstated a law requiring people to report overnight visitors to their homes. The White House deputy press secretary has resigned today after being suspended for threatening a reporter the White House said that the administration is committed to meeting the standards of dignity set by President Biden David Willetts reports t.j. Doc low allegedly called a reporter from The Politico website in an attempt to kill a story about his romantic life threatening to ruin her reputation if she published it when details of the call became public the White House responded by suspending Mr Duck low for a week without pay in his resignation statement Mr Douglas said he was devastated to have embarrassed President Biden and called his own behavior abhorrent and disrespectful archaeologists in Egypt of an earth what could be the world's oldest known be a factory dating back around 5000 years the joint Egyptian American project on the brewery in Dawson ancient burial ground in the desert west of the Nile river they found 8 units each 20 meters long and containing about 40 pottery basins used to heat a mixture of grain and water to make beer it's thought the factory would have supplied royal rituals b.b.c. News. You're listening to from our own correspondent here on the b.b.c. World Service I'm Pascal Harter Hello and welcome to the program in this edition how to cope with the pandemic if you have no running water no work and no way to keep your children's education going in and it collects his corner of Europe plus cultural wars in Pakistan as the film the country entered for the Oscars draws criticism on religious not artistic grounds and how a conservationist in India dreamed up an ingenious way to protect its endangered pangolin. First we take you to the Middle East and back a decade to the days when Egypt who PSNI Mubarak was ousted after weeks of mass demonstrations in Tahrir Square in Cairo the authorities were brutal in that crackdown still the people took to the streets police killed hundreds tens of thousands more came out to join the call for change Mubarak fell off to nearly 30 years in power the Muslim Brotherhood won the next election then a military man took charge again like Mubarak before him President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has clamped down on activists journalists and opposition supporters and like Mubarak he plans to stay and stay in 2019 a changes made to the Constitution which could mean he'll be in power until 2030 Kevin Connolly who covered the fall of Mubarak looks back on the protests in 2011 Was there a false sense of optimism when you're a reporter there's one thing more unsettling than working in a police state and that's working in a police state where the police suddenly melt away leaving the streets to peddlers and protestors and petty criminals. In the Egypt of the Arab Spring as we began to call it their disappearance for like one more sign that everything was on the point of changing in the weeks leading up to their sudden and it turned out temporary disappearance the police had been everywhere as usual they were not generally speaking an impressive body of men often to be found brushing sandwich crumbs of bulging jackets and clapped out Russian cars but their job was to be the eyes and ears of an authoritarian regime a permanent invisible reminder of the power the state will give over every detail of life under the old dictator Hosni Mubarak no one was sure what the sudden withdrawal of the police meant had they been unnerved by the huge scale of the surging protests in Tahrir Square where hundreds of thousands of demonstrators began to gather night after humid night I think on strike because they weren't being paid or been withdrawn as a warning to ordinary people of the chaos that might follow if the government fell on the day I arrived in Cairo the imposing headquarters building of the ruling National Democratic Party was burning right from the reception area up to the top floor in a one party state that is an unmistakable sign of trouble I remember the months that followed as a jumbled series of snapshots power was draining from the old regime behind the scenes those huge crowds gathered to demand change it was a powerful cry for liberty from people denied freedom of speech and freedom of assembly for decades and 24 hour television stations carried their demands to the far corners of the world working out what was really going on was a much more difficult and uncertain process. Lots of Western reporters tended to give far too much weight to the views of a tiny elite bilingual in Arabic in English using what were then the relatively new tools of Twitter and Facebook in truth the real confrontation was between the 2 great forces of Egyptian society the army and the Muslim Brotherhood the Brotherhood was created in Egypt and operated the powerful underground system of medical care food distribution and educational charities among the poor Egypt's army was not so much an instrument for fighting wars as a kind of shadow society operating its own network of petrol stations banks and bakeries one of them was going to emerge triumphant and the smart money always bets in the end on the guys with guns but back then it didn't feel easy to predict at one point the Brotherhood candidate Mohammed Morsi did win a presidential election beating in the process the now forgotten feat who'd served as prime minister in the old regime and was known by the dismissive Arabic word for little or remnant left over it's a measure of the Army's ultimate victory that Mr Morsy eventually died in the Tora farms prison once used to house the enemies of President Nasser the Army found a new candidate to lead the country exactly as they'd once in a crisis turned to Hosni Mubarak I knew Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was the man to watch now when I heard him speaking but when I noticed bakeries producing cakes that carried his image in icing among my snapshots of memory is a discussion with an editor in London over whether to call Field Marshal Al cc's assumption of power from Morsi the military coup or not I am a simple man if a gentleman in military uniform tells the president that he's not the president anymore then that to me is indeed a military coup. And Egypt remains more or less as we left it all those years ago the police about of course numerous as ever and the real lesson for me from that time of change that never was well I suppose that good reporters need the humility to understand that they may not know what's really happening around them just what seems to be happening and that sometimes when things appear to be changing they are really really remaining the same Kevin Connelly. In Europe the rumor people number more than 10000000 but scattered across the continent they are an ethnic minority wherever they live and they often live outside the mainstream many Romany people still face deep discrimination and prejudice sidelined in education stereotyped as criminals and often housed in the very poorest conditions Jean MacKenzie went to visit one of the largest Roma settlements in Bulgaria a place that's home to 25000 people the trains pound overhead as we make our way through it down Kunda pass is the only way to reach the Roma settlement which is brutally segregated from the town of Slaven quite literally on the wrong side of the tracks Michel is leading the way but with caution people are watching us uncomfortably it's no wonder Roma communities often exist in the shadows of society vilified and shunned. But for the next 2 days I'm me ship's guest and his trust buys me my entrance people are crammed like sardines into dilapidated shacks and as we get deeper in the alleyways get filthy or Until were wading through thick mud and puddles of sewage past mountains of rubbish acrid smoke blankets the air as people burn their waste to stay warm the smell of rotten food cuts through the smoke and chickens poke at the scraps look at it says in disbelief himself he's 19 a soft thoughtful young man who desperately wants life here to be better the settlements sprung up after the 2nd World War as Roma families began to move into cities for work and over time it's ballooned we can't stay safe he says ambulances can't reach us a horse and cart amble past as an elderly woman hollers to us from a distance marooned by a sea is sludge even dogs can't live like this we don't have toilets people throw their feces outside bug area like most of Europe has been hit hard by cave in this winter and restrictions have been toughened up yet here there are none of the viruses signature signs no masks no social distancing either people have decided it's futile trying to dodge it or they're too busy dealing with more pressing threats. The rain starts to fall and it doesn't stop until I leave and so in need of shelter me Chef invites me into his home the 2 rooms he shares with his father stepmother sister and grandmother within seconds a pair of warm slippers appears at my feet his grandmother fuss is constantly trying to make me as comfortable as possible 1st comes the homemade Misaka then the chickenshit soles for fillets each and plates piled up with cured me I've never experienced such hospitality such generosity and from a family with so little I'm embarrassed Mr tells me that and here I am the discrimination here is the worst he's ever known it at the beginning of the pandemic they were blamed for the outbreak and now no one will hire them and despite the government's various packages of support people say the help hasn't reached them I'm introduced to a man a mic he smiles revealing his crooked and missing teeth his wife died last month from a stroke when he's been left to raise his 2 young sons who he's struggling to feed heartbreak is to cross their hungry faces they used to eat at school but the schools a shot and they haven't been educated all year with no internet online lessons or a fantasy How do you plan to get by I ask it's a clumsy question we don't have a plan he answers confused if we eat will live we had back to Michel's dodging puddles we don't have streets anymore just Rivers he laughs when we arrive at the house it's warm has gone the electricity and water have been shut off this happens a lot we sit in darkness as his grandmother lights candles until I notice me shows dejected face he tells me he's too sad to talk. Later his father pulls out his homemade Rakia a fiery spirit famous in Eastern Europe this kills coronavirus he quips as he pours I'm struck by the irony that people who are so used to being rejected have welcomed me so warmly we're not even considered citizens Michelle immense I believe the state is like a mother she should help us when we are in need it dawns on me that this family has been mothering me this is what they do it's a community where people provide for each other because they don't believe anyone else is coming to help this is the only way to survive but it's getting harder each day. That was Jean MacKenzie You're listening to from our own correspondence with me past Carter on the b.b.c. World Service next to Pakistan and the cultural controversy the country's homegrown cinema has often struggle to compete against the giant Bollywood industry and went into the doldrums for decades but it's bounced back over the past 20 s with more feature films being produced at home every year since 2013 the country has put forward one film as its entry for the Oscar awards and the category properly called the Academy Award for Best International feature film this year's Academy Award winners will be announced on the 25th of April the ceremony was perspiring from the end of this month to give the contenders more time to prepare and promote their films during the pandemic but as 2nd a Kamandi reports Pakistan's century has caused a stir at home and not for artistic reasons the film is called Zun the. Life is a circus life is a spectacle as it turned out there was a full on the Marcia spectacle that sprung up around it it began when the trailer was released the basic story line was clear a pious thing a religious poems in the city of Lahore becomes embroiled in scandal when a video of him was leaked and shared on social media the film had already been cleared by multiple sensible woods and no one in Pakistan had actually seen it but that didn't stop a hardline religious group come political party from taking offense in a statement the group they recalibrate Pakistan known commonly by its initials t l p warn the film could lead people to deviate from Islam in speeches the G.O.P.'s by really card then with the railed against the pretrial of a religious figure falling into disgrace he was angered too by a line of dialogue which another cleric threatens to level an allegation of blasphemy against the British. How could any Muslim falsely accuse someone of blasphemy funded Carden Rizvi who had made a name for himself campaigning for street punishment of blast femurs for the film's director so Madhu sought the angry reaction came as a shock the censor board had only a minor linguistic changes and once he knew in a conservative country that he was touching upon sensitive topics he deliberately chosen to try to careful line his film was not intended as an angry diatribe against the religious right but a thought provoking exploration of shame and intolerance the backlash was deadly serious the t.l.p. Was founded by supporters of a policeman who murdered a senior politician for committing what they deemed blasphemy that had been linked to acts of violence in the u.k. In France as well as in Pakistan where 40 was have repeatedly caused chaos by holding huge sit in protests in the capital Islamabad that's what they threatened to do again if this film was released in the face of unrest the Pakistani authorities did what many liberal minded Pakistanis believe they do all too often and gave in to the demands of the mob stopping it being shown for the director disappointment at the decision was overshadowed by the fear of what could happen next my number was leaked he tells me people would send me pictures of severed heads in Saud's and say we'll teach you a lesson we know your family live there was an unmistakable irony a film about intolerance ended up being the victim of it fact and fiction with Melwood in other ways too in the film the main character records a video apologizing for his actions so Madhu sought tells me at one stage in an effort to draw a line under the control over his film he did the same there in the end he never released it I realized there was nothing I needed to apologize for he says. Eventually the Pakistani Senate Human Rights Committee intervened viewed the film and ruled there could be no objection to its release it's still not happened downs have left most of the countries in amounts closed and the director says he's yet to receive the right permissions to screen it the film was only able to qualify for submission to the Oscars after he spent a nervous 9 days with it viewable online the whole drama or the Marcia spoke to Pakistan's long running culture wars Islamists in the country like to portray themselves as under threat from a Westernized secular elite but in reality their willingness to take to the streets to use violence and to form powerful voting blocks means they usually get their way and everyone knows it many Pakistanis office treated by the self-appointed moral police who seem to find perceived transgressions everywhere even a bass guitar but recently caught the attention of one conservative commentator for featuring an elaborate song and dance routine it ended up being banned for a while Garraty what gets seized upon can often seem arbitrary in spite of everything Pakistan does have a vibrant cultural life as for this film director so Madhu's Art says he's not sure if it will ever be shown here but despite the anxiety the project has left him with he's staying put this is the land I understand he says and he hopes to find in his words some fringe to exist on. Second come on e. The battle to protect the world's wildlife is certainly not an easy one we might like Khurana tanks but still by the biscuits made with palm oil while their habitat is cut down to give space for palm oil plantations still it's easier to get support if the creatures are winsome like an orangutan or Majestic I can elephant cuddly like a panda these are all creatures which have become symbols of conservation movements but what to do when is the pangolin a small shiny in conspicuous mammal with an homage to Khotan a long sticky tongue which it uses to suck up its diet of ants a novel why there are 8 species of pangolin in Africa and Asia and they're all in danger of extinction but one man has a plan to save them he turned jelly Krishna heard his story they're brown they're scaly and they curl into spiny little boys when threatened while they may never be sure and still win a beauty contest bangle and are one of the world's most trafficked species blame it on the value of the chinese medicine places on their scales or on the fact that many consider their meat a delicacy but these daily members the world over are threatened a lot good news for them then that they found an imaginative protector in the Indian conservationist wish of us. When I 1st met him a few years ago he was fighting an uphill battle to convince villagers to stop putting penguins in that now getting more distinct in my heart after he told me that Additionally many here would make extra buck boating and trafficking pangolins that had strayed into their villages and fields the only way to develop a successful conservation program here he felt was to enlist their full support but how. But how far that Thomas Tucker died is locally known 3 in the local police to identify a forged bangle and parts he organized workshops to raise awareness that these scaly members enjoy the same level of protection in India as the infinitely more glamorous Tiger but somehow things just weren't moving fast enough then a brain wave struck him or that luxury local himself power wondered if perhaps he could create an emotional connection with pangolins in the minds of locals if he could somehow link them with the divine in many ways he believed conservation was the very essence of all religion how found an able partner has and ever the priest of a village temple in dog of a village in that nightly in 2020 on the world pangolin the observed every year on the 3rd Saturday of February Powell and the priest created a new event focused on the pangolin carloads of or pangolin festival he ordered a large cloth bangle an effigy to be made by a toy makers in the nearby town to plume to drive home the idea that the secret of mammal hides in the forest volunteers from his and you hit the effigy in a deep ticket. Then they led a merry procession of villagers to their fitty bedecked it with flower garlands and the scarlet and gold usually reserved for the Village day 80 then they brought it back with great fanfare to the local temple here traditional dancers twirled around the effigy and people said special prayers expressing gratitude to the animal that it answered termites that so often destroyed their crops they even prayed for better sense and visit them to prevail upon animal poachers and traffickers with great ceremony the pangolins replica was taken to the temples sanctum sanctorum and installed beside the idol of the village God Finally it was placed on a brightly festoon scarlet ballon Cohen and paraded from house to house in the village until recently pangolins that strayed into villages were killed that out thought but not anymore but how tells me that a few months ago when a pangolin was found in the village somebody sent him a video showing how the locals reacted to it he saw people surround the animal and then herd of boys suggesting they kill it as usual and sell it. Then the village elder intervened and said that they had also want to protect pangolins not taught them how becomes emotional when he tells the story he's clearly very attached to these creatures he becomes even more emotional when he tells me that recently when he visited the little temple in the grey village he discovers all the priest had placed a pangolin photo permanently next to the dative it's given them hope that their little festival might become a new tradition here. Now the 60 year old conservationist plans to find other ways to employ India's rich mythology and religious tradition to foster emotional attachments between men and animals plans offered for this year's festival on world bangle Indy which falls on 20th February but more significantly before the Spring Festival of holy pope plans to organize a Dromore performance on the 10 hours of Vishnu in the neighboring district where they work on c. 30 conservation in the 2nd incarnation the God came to earth in the form of a total He tells me if we can get them to think of the workers as incarnations of their favorite god maybe we'd have a shot of protecting them too I was Gitanjali Krishna bringing this edition to an end I'm Pascal hotter and there will be more stories that the lines behind the headlines and from our own correspondent next weekend so do join us then here on the b.b.c. World Service. This is the b.b.c. World Service these black holes are anywhere from $100000000.00 to a 1000000000 times the mass of the sun each pair of Lacoste can take about 25000000 years to emerge when the truth is stranger than fiction I'm left wondering just what has been running 246 kilometers down to these run his body. Was a recent study of spot half long run is showed that just after the race that blood samples from the similar to those of people close to death and where are imitates life you have knowing squares of antiques so at the top we have a training lair where we can show people how to feel something that may be wrong in the body science it's the most interesting because it combines absolute beauty which something so scientific on the b.b.c. World Service on this week's cultural frontline personal stories from the city of we hand under lockdown director how we're on his film 76 days the suckers see all the film is about patients really trying to push their way inside of the hospital and then the nurses and the doctors were panicking because they were just getting ready there were so long you tube as they didn't know how to treat infectious diseases move from how we do on the cultural front line up to the latest b.b.c. News. B.b.c. News with Stuart Mackintosh Democrats have failed in their bid to convict Donald Trump of incitement to insurrection but they persuaded more Republicans to vote against their former president than in any previous impeachment trial $57.00 senators voted to convict Mr Trump over the deadly storming of the u.s. Capitol including 7 Republicans their party leader in the Senate Mitch McConnell was not among the 7 but he accused the ex president of disgraceful behavior and of being practically and morally responsible for his supporters attack Mr Trump called the trial a witch hunt but President Biden said the storming of the Capitol showed that democracy was fragile that violence and extremism had no place in America and that everyone had a duty to defend the truth and defeat lies the head of the World Health Organization says he's awaiting confirmation of a resurgence of Ebola in Guinea its health minister says he's deeply concerned after 4 people died of the disease thousands of Burm ease of return to the streets for a nice day of protests against the military coup monks and engineers that demonstration in young gone well motorcyclist's rallied in the capital Naypyidaw you know Haiti the judge proposed by the opposition to serve as acting president has called on people to fight against what he called a dictatorship messenger Louis had made no public comment since being nominated to replace President Juvenal noice whose embroiled in a row about whether his term has ended the people of Kosovo are voting in parliamentary elections dominated by frustration with the political establishment and the scourge of coronavirus polls indicate there may be a comeback for a left wing dash lists in the former Serbian province and archaeologists in Egypt have on Earth what could be the world's oldest known beer factory 8 units were found in the us b.b.c. News. Hello I'm choosing to and this is the program that explores the world we live in through the work and voices of artists won't come to the cultural front line. This week we go behind the camera with some of the world's leading documentary filmmakers coming up their claim Chilean director my to Alberta as the lessons she's learned making her new film The mold age of a lesson about production on documentaries it's like to play guess you have our starting point and then you have to play and think provided and you cannot control and see the West and shining Kraig or why they're driven to tell the stories of indigenous communities in Finland and the United States as there is the indigenous person myself I know the history how indigenous people have been represented on screen both in fiction and documentaries so I wanted to work very carefully and also kind of the have a dialogue with the past as well those stories are more coming up this week cultural frontline to stay with us. A camera focuses on a deeply upsetting scene but one that's become increasingly familiar over the past year a Chinese medic clad in p.p. Shouting to be let in said dying father's hospital room as she's being restrained by colleagues this is just one of the stories in how we use new documentary 76 days which follows the lives of doctors and patients in for one hand the hospitals during the 76th day lockdown of the city in early 2020 now months the home breaking stories of death and separation the raw glimmers of humanity and hope in the birth of a child and the touching interactions between doctor and patient I spoke to how from New York about. His thing I started researching this topic back in early February 2020 I was in New York so I reached out to filmmakers who had started filming some of them were inside a hospital some were some of them outside a hospital and I talked to over a dozen filmmakers before I found my 2 eventual collaborators and the way they found access to the hospital was because both of them were reporters a deal in the lock down the Chinese government restricted access to the hospital to medical workers patients and reporters but then the actual decision of which reporters would be granted access to the hospital was made and the individual hospital level for example my coach walked away she Chan He's a video reporter for Esquire in China he wasn't sent down to Esquire to cover the story he just wanted to go himself because as an aspiring documentary filmmaker he wanted to be there to document history for him with the reporter badge he was turned down to 45 hospitals before he found a way through some personal connection to him back in Sol with a medical team and was sent from elsewhere in China to support local hospitals and since he arrived together with the medical team the receiving hospital just let them aim to study filming rather co-director anonymous He's a photojournalist for a local newspaper so he knew a lot of the hospitals already he was sent to take photos for their prints or is interesting which see in the film do you think best sums up the story that you're trying to tell. Obviously the openness is really a gut wrenching raid was going on or that was a very hard watch Yeah it's about a nurse female nurse running down the hallway trying desperately to go inside a hospital room to say goodbye to her father who had just passed away. Was. One of them who. Had to hand over almost all of the phone and carry on until the federal government finally. But her colleagues restrained her prevented her from going in because they didn't want her to get infected to go inside a room and risk being infected and there are other stories of the 2nd see on the film is about patients really trying to push their way inside of the hospital inside a war and then the nurses and the doctors were panicking because they were just getting ready they were so new to this that you don't know how to treat infectious disease. So there's a confrontation 100 doors. And there how how the nurses were trying to screen at the top of the lines trying to hold the patients back say we were eventually I'll meet you one by one but you just have to follow order follow directions it was a difficult process for me to edit because every day I had to go through footage of all those powerful sayings and trying wow you know a lot of times is that I would be crying on the same time trying to focus on trying to structure the saints so what level of risk was involved in this kind of filming well was China's reaction since our debut last September. We have be intentionally declining all media interview requests from Chinese language media primarily to protect anonymous and so in the later stage of the editing we made the conscious decision to make this film a political because we really wanted to highlight the individual human stories that that are universal doing this pandemic but then because anonymous works works for stayed on newspaper he was really concerned about how the government would perceive our Patricio especially of the early chaos and panic he was also afraid of nationalistic TROs attacking him but just like strangely 3 weeks ago the trailer of some mistakes there is that started going viral in China so ho the pirated copy has just led popping up all over Chinese social media too fast for us to remove quickly so many people have watched this film I was think most of the most of the people who watch the film. Recognize the value in this film in terms of providing a historical record of what happened on the ground but just as my culture are not of us have projected there are a lot of internet trolls national mystic trolls study attacking me personally because my name is the most fickle associate with the Phil what impact would you like to see you Phil Mike. I live in the us here in the u.s. Cold a night in Tortola has become such a big political issue I feel like a lot of times the narratives are wrong colder nights in Alice in the us has centered too much on numbers. And about our political divide I just feel like. My experience working on this film to see how the people was really banded together to help each other live through this catastrophe I'm hoping people everywhere care also to the same you know leave our arguments behind I really focus on beating beating back this virus which is a common enemy to the whole humanity was just 2 and a specific group or country. The director how will you can find out more about his documentary 76 days online. I am now there once I listen to and you are listening to the culture of frontline on the b.b.c. World Service. I am getting green a film director from Australia and you listening to the cultural frontline on the b.b.c. World Service. For marches in the streets took ordinary meetings in city homes the documentary our sign of struggle from the filmmakers see the West follows the Sami peoples fight for that culture and land in Finland charming cranes documentary end of the line the women of standing Voc is based thousands of miles away in North and South Dakota in the United States now it focuses on the indigenous women of the standing walk Indian reservation who risked their lives to stop the construction of the Dakota access or oil pipeline now both films were recently screened at don't point one of Finland's leading film festivals and we wanted to explore how these 2 directors use their cameras to give voice to the struggles faced finding. First Nations people I spoke to c.v. And Shannon about the challenges they faced and the urgency of telling the stories I came in with an advantage and that's the only reason why these women trusted me quite frankly because of course I look like people who have throughout the centuries oppressed repressed and worst indigenous peoples around the world and I had been friends with pearl Daniel means my co-producer on this film I was honored to have done the last interview of her husband the great American Indian Movement leader Russell Means and that interview changed the course of my life and opened up a connection to the people and people far past the Nation other nations as well even still the women were quite rightly so a bit nervous about opening up to me and so it was about gaining the trust but also maintaining it every day having to really earn the trust and I think any filmmaker who does at least a good job or tries to will tell you that it's an ongoing process throughout the edit process and and when a film is released as well indeed in c.v. The Sami people seemed I guess despondent in terms of who they could trust in the film so how did you build trust Well I'm part of the community so they already knew me and I felt that I don't have any other choices that make the film the indigenous person myself I know the history how just people have been represented on screen both in fiction and documentaries so and be an op that my whole life myself well thought I wanted to work very carefully and also kind of the have a dialogue with the past as well people where so supportive they were they really are. I want it that this film will be sucks that successful when I was interviewing them I felt the sorrow and I just the desperate damn feeling but I also felt this huge. And I feel that kind of the society and the community were carrying me through the process as well I want to know have either of you see me each other's documentaries and if you have is this something you'd like to ask each other about the process I was blessed to see Sue vs film last weekend and I was really struck by the delicacy and beauty which she told the story. Even films that come out of a particular community sometimes rely upon the colonial view of storytelling which is to say there's one hero or 2 heroes and those people are followed the whole way I love that she told it in a communal way and so that was my question for Suvi I felt a lot of pressure when making end of the line because in order to appease the mainstream media I was told that we have to identify a character and I was explaining that in the indigenous way in the matter lineal way of being especially that it's a it's a collective story there isn't just one person whose voice matters that it has to be a lot of voices so wondering if you faced that because you also had so many characters in in your piece. And that's a very nice question thank you Shannon I was told that nation cannot be the main character but I didn't have any other options than do you think the whole nation in a way and I agree there is no hero is Journey in indigenous way of telling stories there is there are no in here else but there's a lot of people who are fighting and the same battle really there were so many similarities between the story even though. It's you know a story that takes place more than 6007000 miles away exactly I think all the indigenous people stories are pretty universal and c.v. Did you manage to catch Shannon's film and if you did do you have a question I thank you for the film it was very very beautiful but I was thinking why why Finland my Finnish film industry had such a big impact I actually used to live in Finland so I lived in Finland for a few years and I maintain the relationships that I had with our co-producer Sofia en route then the team grew It's really interesting to me that there are often seems to be more interest in a story such as this outside of one's country I think that that often comes from shame that our own country doesn't want to necessarily back a film because they're embarrassed of the content of that film I didn't find that in Finland and fact they kept drawing parallels between the Sami people and their plight and the look. Which is very accurate and we had a lot of support from the Sami people as well our women came over to Finland because they were a part of the whole process and we were in at it at the point at which they all came over and for some of these women it was the 1st time that they had ever left the country that had ever left their sacred lands at all in fact in the case of one of our women who was in her eighty's at the time and we were just really struck by how welcoming everyone was so what with the talent is that you faced make your documentaries c.v. Some of my colleagues and friends and people who I'm surrounded here in Health think it didn't believe the story that I was filling that what is happening right now and what some people are facing because they don't know anything about the Sami people because the school system is not teaching anything about this. People there teaching more about a Native Americans so for them it was many times like they take took it as an insult when I was saying that there's a colonic colonialism to what's I mean people in Finland and they didn't believe it and but after that I believe that the biggest challenge was my own mind. I know what kind of power film can have a we have this system that we ask permission we ask permission that can we make can we tell the still a can can we do things and and so on and I think I was asking permission all the time that if I am the right person to tell his story I knew that if I managed to tell the story means that no one else can make a film about calling al Islam in Finland in in the next 5 years so I had a huge pressure on me and I was thinking maybe some other semi filmmaker could be doing that better because it could be if if I do something wrong it will harm my people so I had this huge questioning all the time with me and. I think that was the biggest challenge and I think the biggest audience is when their distribution operation will send the film out of the t.v. And then I know how the finished society will react and usually people the families who have been talking about these issues they are they have faced the death threats Oh I don't know what will happen obviously I'm a little bit scared Wow I'm not surprised Shanon man I ask about your challenges and what you faced there were a lot of people who did not want the story to be told I did receive a number of doctorates especially in the early days I can remember the very 1st video that were released because we crowd funded this film we had more than 17000 backers from more than 40 countries because the mainstream was not going to support us and the very 1st video I will least we got more than 17000 negative comments on a and I was being tested from every angle and then team the whole Hollywood challenge trying to get back in here in this industry and I kept hearing the same things like really your problem or do you really want to tackle the or you know do you realize this will be career suicide I was told and I just kept arguing that. That one could say that the ongoing oppression of indigenous peoples is more my problem than any because of course I was born white in the u.s. And therefore with all of these privileges that are completely on. The people that I document I can say we still don't have the support of the mainstream trying to get this moment to own festivals we tried to get it into one of the biggest holes in the world and we were actually told by a programmer if your lady is would like to get the still out there you're going to have to secure and a last man to vouch for you and the word vouch I guess we're still facing mouse Wow How do you guys deal with the stress mean to have 17000 negative comments to have death threats how do you deal with that kind of stress. If yes from my 1000 would say I'm not feeling the stress well. I think the love what you receive from your community if it's so strong and I don't have any I really feel that I don't have any options so. If you born Ethen Indigenous you are you have to be political in a way if you want or not I would rather work with them come Eddy and I would rather work with a lot of stories but I don't have any other choices for me I just kept coming back to why is that that I'm making this film and for me I always feel like my projects choose me rather than my choosing the projects and that was the case here where it was something greater than myself that led me to tell the story and so I whenever I find myself spiraling out like maybe I shouldn't be doing this can I pull this off am I doing the story justice I just keep coming back to you owe it to these people to you know take the trust that they've. Invested in you and do something good with it and every time I remove myself from the situation. I just all of that stresses instantly eased you know we're really good filmmakers I think we are inherently good at putting ourselves inserting ourselves in a project in terms of our nerves our worries our doubts but to put it in a favorable light to step out of it and look at the good that can come of a project that's that's a greater challenge and as Susie mentioned there is so much power in documentary film it's just key to keep coming back to why am I doing this and what good can come of it. The filmmakers see the West in shining Kring You can find out more about both films as well as Dock point the Helsinki documentary film festival by searching online now when you think of a secret agent your mind might not jump to an 85 year old man however in Chilean documentary the mall agent it is 85 year old search who's employed by a private detective to infiltrate a local retirement home his mission to discover if the client's mother is being mistreated by staff however he quickly becomes distracted by the many new friends he's making and discovers that perhaps the true felony is the elderly residents being abandoned by their families what begins as a spy caper gradually becomes a moving meditation on aging and loneliness director of the mall agent miter Alberta tells us the full lesson she's learned was shooting the door I mean that the 1st lesson that I learned making the more of a it's that old people it's open to experience. I also have to reject that oh people have the same they buy their life they don't want changes and said here their main character of the film gets me that he has 85 years of course completely open to new life and a new spirit she. Is looking for a human make new friends for me that was super amazing. Even with all these. Personas. I don't open. The door turn down or into the think unless that I learned it's as society we need to make breach between retirement home and society because Electra Marie can we pass from family life were all people were living all in the same house with race that with my grandparents living in my house and it was a pretty common but now we live in a small apartment so all the families can not live together so people started to live in retirement homes an I saw a lot of abandoned people and loneliness inside their retirement home there is a lovely character that she has not had b.c. Tourists for many years and he has not been here family for many years I speak about that pandemic of the loneliness there was a pandemic of the loneliness that exist before. Then me in then from only Anderson you're really quite dry who get up around the. Problem even if. They keep it in the can and. If you look at the eat this will be anything about the podium of ate my 3rd less sun it's that private detective it's very similar to my job as a documentary filmmaker. Before to should I work as an assistant of that he directs here for a couple of months and working with him I realized that it's not so different for a saddle commensurately maker because he than a lot of followers following people until he has to prove that shows what he's looking for and in my case shooting this retirement home on my previous films I stand many days trying to understand that world until I press straight and I have my feet so my shooting they are an exercise of waiting with patient and I think that it's something that I did say it's also. My 4th lessons about production it's documentaries it's led to play Das. Like you have a starting point and then you have to play and think provides and you cannot control so even if I am a class a pretty big research about private detective came and completely changed my story and you have to be open for that. I originally thought that I was going to make film about private detective but was not committed with Keith's mission he was just what comedian with the new friends that he made inside their retirement home so he was Kmiec with the experience of her friends so the film started to be about how the people feel inside that place and not about the mission of the detective. Asked the musicians they start with. Patter we can say I'm a date you provide me with. The same I start with. That completely change mine and I have to follow him and leave what he was living. But over at the mall aged my to Albert you can hear more from ita and a host of guests on our sister program. With you keep baiting. That's it for this week's program Remember you can get in touch on social media using the hash tag b.b.c. Cultural front will be his same time next week with all Story the artist changing the law and the way we see it until the end. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service from what's going on a 90 year old British woman has become the 1st person of the world to be given a fully tested vaccine against coated 19 to what can go wrong as our bill went left to Reuters I could have the art school moving and scratching the challenges of maintaining body I might our children's mental health is our continent's future welfare. On the b.b.c. World Service. B.b.c. World Service dot com science in action with Roland ps the World Health Organization team has finished investigating the origins of soft Goby to him who had there were no firm conclusions I've been talking to one of the experts about the 10s of thousands of tests the Chinese are such as done on animals this is the b.b.c. World Service the world's radio station.