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Are descendents of one of the people im going to be talking about today. Kentucky has been extremely well served with ben as executive director of the kentucky humanities council, and i want to thank him for sharing some of the anecdotes im going to use today. Finally, i want to thank chris and thend fred karam professors who have contributed in one way or another not only to my remarks today but to a series of speeches ive been doing on prominent kentucky senators over the past couple years. Are here to discuss the lives and intersecting careers of three men. Two of these three men helped define kentucky politics for much of the 20th century. Both serving as governor and as senator. Both were intensely and ambitious men both rose from modest origins. Both were democrats born in western kentucky. Both were accomplished athletes in their youth and fine coaches thereafter. Both had a gift for remembering names and faces. Intro kentucky style, these two men carried on a feud that literally lasted for decades. Those two men, of course, are Albert Benjamin Happy Chandler and earle clements. Despite their similarities, the two men in other ways could not have been more different. Happy was colorful and extroverted, literally largerthanlife. He was elected in large part due to his charisma and his absolute zest for campaigning. Clements was the opposite, leaving methodical nothing to chance. Happy was a great speaker. Clements was not. By and large, chandler was conservative, and clements was liberal. The third man im going to talk beneficiarydirect of the chandlerclements feud. Thruston morton republicanthruston morton republican thruston morton. Their conflict launched his career. The chandlerclements divide was significant because for most of the 20th century, kentucky had twice as many registered democrats as republicans. I might say parenthetically, happily, thats changing. [laughter] its important to deviate from. He text occasionally course, wasant, of it was exceedingly hard for republicans to win elections. One way the gop could prevail, when the factions of the Democratic Party split. This occurred in the 1956 kentucky u. S. Senate race when the chandler and clementsrepubl. One way the gop could prevail, when the factions were literally at each others throats. This resulted in moreton being 1956,d to the senate in launching his notable Senate Career. Lets begin our senate our talk with the man known far and wide as happy. He was born in 19 58 in 1928 inounty henderson county. One of chandlers earliest memories was following his mother sobbing as she walked to the carriage that would take her away from the family for the rest of his childhood. Her departure meant chandlers farmer, had to raise happy and his brother literally by himself. The boys soon had to go to work to help make ends meet. Chandler worked diligently on school. And in his hard work paid off academically when he was admitted to a well regarded college some of you may be familiar with, transylvania. As chandler looked back, he said, legend has it, i arrived notransylvania with resources other than a red sweater, five dollar bill, and a smile. Thats about right, he said. His famed nickname originated when an upperclassman saw chandler walking across the campus with his usual vigorous quick stride, smiling and whistling. The senior dubbed him happy. The nickname stuck, as chandler recognized it couldve been a lot worse. At least the senior didnt call him stinky. [laughter] chandler was a natural athlete. At one point, he played semipro baseball. His lifelong interest and involvement in sports flowed naturally from that early activity. After having graduated from transylvania and completed law he coached football at a local high school. He met his future wife, mildred watkins. Mildred was southern to the core. As happy recalled, she still pronounce the words damn yankee as one word. After they wed, happy nicknamed her mama. Happy and mama would be married for more than 65 years. He quipped that the durability of their relationship was a. Reat tribute to patience he once recalled telling a inend of a twoweek period which she didnt speak a word to mildred. His friend asked what the trouble was. Happy responded, there was no trouble. He just hadnt wanted to interrupt her. [applause] [laughter] with his wedding personality, happy soon entered politics. In no time, he became a state senator, and in 1931, he was elected Lieutenant Governor where he served alongside fellow democrat governor ruby laffoon. The two differed on a number of issues. However, including implementation of a sales tax, which chandler believed harmed the poor. They also differed on the need for primaries as opposed to conventions, of course, which would typically be controlled by the party bosses. Not surprisingly, chandler favored primaries. What happened next displays one of chandlers signature traits audacity. Under kentuckys constitution at the time, if the governor left the state, the Lieutenant Governor became acting governor. In 1935, governor laffoon made a big mistake. [laughter] he departed kentucky to go to washington, leaving happy. Emporarily in charge happy seized the moment, called a special session of the legislature, and subsequently had enacted a measure requiring candidates to be elected through primaries. This, of course, enraged laffoon, and while the governor was able to block some of the impact of the legislation, he could do nothing to dim the political stardom happy had gained from this bold maneuver. A wave of popular acclaim, happy ran for governor in 1935. Candidate hepicked hoped would defeat chandler in the democratic primary. That candidate was tom ray. Rays Campaign Manager was a young man named earle clements. This pitting of chandler versus clements in the 1945as 1935 race started a political feud that would have a profound impact on kentucky politics for more than a quarter of a century. It did so by crystallizing factionalism within the state Democratic Party. The end result of the 1935 governors race was that the 37yearold chandler was elected to the states highest office. Historians generally agree that chandlers first term as governor was among the most significant in state history. During the great depression, chandler helped get the state back on Firm Financial footing. He enhanced schools. He constructed hospitals and roads. He reorganize state government, and of course, he repealed the hated sales tax. The problem for happy was that kentucky governors at this time could not run for reelection. Happy was young. He was ambitious. He had to look beyond the Governors Mansion if he wanted to continue his public career. As a result, in 1938, chandler once again. Udacity this time, he challenged an incumbent democrat in the u. S. Senate primary. This was not just any old gardenvariety incumbent. It was the majority leader of the senate, Alvin Barkley. [laughter] it proved to be, shall i say, a spirited context\ st. Contest. M i remember the photograph. Forevelt came down to speak barkley, and happy literally jumped in the car with him. The picture was taken. You had them all in there. You couldnt tell who the hell roosevelt was for. [laughter] how toxicu a sense of the environment was, chandler at one point charged that barkleys allies had poisoned him. Chandler was a sight to behold. As a campaigner, chandler had and knows it. He had a prodigious memory and would call out spontaneously to friends in the crowd, asking about their health or that of a relative. He would sing at a moments home,my old kentucky and he was a superb orator. Chandler used to say about his speeches, i have a strong feeling that nobody is saved after 20 minutes. I made short speeches, and i never told a dirty joke. In the end, with the help of president roosevelt and the rival state democratic faction, which included, of course, earle clements, barkley defeated chandler in the primary. In 1939, the other Kentucky Senate seat unexpectedly opened up. Himself moved to get appointed. He won a special election and then a full term in 1942 to the u. S. Senate. His tenure in the senate was eventful for several reasons. Hey, for example, was an outspoken critic of americas Strategic Priorities in world war ii. In the aftermath of pearl harbor, he expressed his belief that the u. S. Should pursue a japanfirst policy as opposed to focusing on the european theater of the war. As you recall, churchill was intent on the u. S. Fighting in europe first. As in member of the military affairs committee, chandler and lawmakers went off on a 63day inspection of American Forces overseas. During the delegations of voyage, chandler met Winston Churchill and was able to smuggle his friend, comedian bob hope, into meet the prime minister. At the end of the day, chandlers career demonstrates that the senate is not everyones cup of tea. Collegial, not an executive, body, and happy was better suited to be an executive. As his longtime friend recalled, chandler didnt like the senate because he wasnt the boss. He doubly didnt like the senate because barkley was the majority leader. When the offer came to become baseball commissioner in 1945, chandler jumped at the chance. He not only loved baseball, but being commissioner was a pretty nice pay raise, too. Chandler couldve simply done as his predecessor had, which was to firmly oppose integration, but chandler did no such thing. A brooklyn dodger executive to go forward with bringing Jackie Robinson to the major leaks. He publicly supported robinson in the press and made clear to opposing teams that racebaiting by robinson would not be tolerated. I would note parenthetically that another famed kentuckian helped robinson through this time, my childhood hero, peewee. Eese over time, however, chandlers independence cost him support among baseball owners. He was not reappointed and left after six years and office. Happy again felt the tug of politics. He decided to run for governor in 1955, 20 years after his first governors race. In the primary, he was challenged by a littleknown whoe from Eastern Kentucky had the explicit backing of the democratic faction, led by a man named you guessed it earle clements. It was a bitterly fought race. Ultimately, chandler prevailed behind the slogan be like your pappy and vote for happy. [laughter] those were the good old days. While chandlers second term as governor is not as well regarded as his first come its notable due to the creation of the u. K. Medical center that today bears his name. He also was a supporter of racial integration. In 1956, he called out the National Guard during the tense standoff to help integrate schools down in sturgis and clay and western kentucky. Chandler would offer himself up three more times for the Governors Mansion but without success. Despite these setbacks, in later life, it was undeniable chandler had become a living symbol of the commonwealth. In 1980 six, state journalists connected elected chandler the kentuckian of the century, and chandler regularly appeared at senior night of u. K. Basketball games to sing my old kentucky home before the tipoff. In 1982, chandler became one of a handful of kentuckians to be elected into the Baseball Hall of fame. In 1991. Passed away fittingly, his last word was mama. Mama herself passed away four years later. Earl clemens was born two years before chandler in 1896. Was born twoents years before chandler in 1896. His father was a farmer, lawyer, and local political leader. Clements attended u. K. Where he was a football standout. He would later become an accomplished high school coach, as well. Attending seminars held by none other then new rock be. He served in the u. S. Army during world war i. While he was never sent overseas, he rose to the rank of captain. Personality wise, clements was inscrutable. Survey, and he had a temper be acerbic, and he had a temper. One journalist described his speeches as masterpieces of mediocrity. [laughter] but he was an extremely hard worker. He was a tremendous political organizer and strategists. One longtime observer said, he may well have been the greatest political intellect of the 20th century in kentucky. Those who watched clements commented frequently on his ability not only to proceed the result of each action but also the result of the result. Ch was subtle. Oa he once remarked that he always preferred the quiet style of doing things. One gop rival said of clements, i think he solved the riddle of politics. Most of us stand in front of the curtain so we can take the bow. Earle stands in the back of curtain so he never gets the blame. [laughter] unlike chandlers meteoric rise in kentucky politics, clements ascent was steady and gradual. He followed his father into public life, and in the 20year period beginning in 1922, clements served as sheriff, county clerk, and then county judge of union county. Judge, hee as county observed there was no better practical schooling in government then in that office. As a former county judge myself, i certainly wouldnt disagree. Married thements daughter of a Prominent Union county official, sarah blue. A daughterld have named elizabeth who would share her fathers love of public service. She would later work as an aid to first lady Lady Bird Johnson and second lady joan mondale. After his long tenure in county government, clements was elected to the state senate in 1941, quickly rising to the position of majority leader. Following a brief stint as a congressman during which he served with the promising lawmaker from louisville named thruston morton, clements declared for governor in 1947. Year, it looked like his republican opponent would in fact be morton. Morton decided against a run. As governor, clements had many achievements. He succeeded in part because he worked closely with his former colleagues in the legislature, and clements played hardball. As governor, he would go to the house or senate chamber, and if the legislature voted against him, clements would ominously point his pencil at the dissident and make a mental note. [laughter] the results were undeniable. He created the modernday state police and state park system. Chandler, clements left the Governors Mansion before the end of his term to pursue a senate seat. He was elected to fill the vacancy left by Alvin Barkley when he became Vice President. Unlike chandler, clements thrived in the senate. He quickly became an ally of rising star and democratic leader Lyndon Johnson. After only three years in the senate, johnson promoted clements to the position of Senate Democratic whip. This is in part because clements had good relations with both conservative and liberal democrats. A particularly important attribute in a closely divided senate. When the democrats regain the becamey in 1955, johnson majority leader, and clements became majority whip. Clements served as party whip from 1953 to 1957. One of only three kentuckians to serve in that position. The others are wendell ford and myself. Is responsible for counting votes and trying to get senators to support legislation promoted by the majority party. I can assure you, its a pretty hard job. Got even harder in july of 1955 when majority leader Lyndon Johnson had a heart attack. This left Senate Democrats without a true majority leader for the last few weeks of the senate session. For the next 29 days, clements stepped into the breach and served as active majority acting majority leader. During this time, clements had to try to leave the Senate Without appearing to be a absence, albjs difficult balance to strike. He also had to perform to the satisfaction of johnson. Can you imagine that . Taskmained a demanding master, even from his hospital bed. Johnson,iting with clements reported back to fellow democrats on the majority leaders views regarding a particular piece of legislation. He would like the bill to be taken up yesterday and passed the day before yesterday. Johnson, clements reported back to fellow democrats on the majority leaders views regarding a particular piecethat was lbj. Nonetheless, clements succeeded in Holding Together the fragile. Emocratic majority the year 1955 was an important one for clements, not only because of his work is acting majority leader. It was also important because Happy Chandler was running to recapture the governors office. Clements remained a power broker. N the state he vigorously opposed chandlers campaign. Clements and his ally, the incumbent democratic governor lawrence weatherby, handpicked littleknown burke homes to oppose chandler. Happy trained his fire on colmes benefactors who he ridiculed as clementine and whether vine, that line courtesy of ben chandler. [laughter] despite the best efforts of the clements faction, chandler was elected that fall. You can imagine what is coming next. The next year, the shoe was on the other foot. As governor, chandler had control of the state government, and earl clemens was up for reelection to the senate. To put it mildly, chandler was decidedly unhappy about the of clements serving another term. He was looking for payback. He was looking, of course, to defeat clements. Given that he was a prominent leader of the senate leadership, many expected that clements would sail to reelection, but they failed to account for a even asideactors from the hostility of the sitting governor. One was republican Dwight Eisenhower who was popular in kentucky and was up for reelection. Another challenge was clements opponent, his former house colleague thruston morton. To top it all off, clements faced the bane of all legislators seeking reelection, a tough vote. In 1956, johnson pressed the senate to expand Social Security to include benefits for the disabled. This was a difficult issue in kentucky given strong opposition from the states doctors. Clements initially promised them he would oppose the legislation, but lbj found himself one vote securing passage, and clements, ever the good soldier, cast the deciding vote in favor of the bill. The combination of happy, ike, t hruston, and the disability vote proved too much for the clements campaign. He lost in a very tight race, the only election he lost in his entire 36year public career. He would never again hold elective office. Clements was not done with politics. , johnson had ended him appointed to executive director of the Senate Democratic campaign committee, much to the irritation of governor chandler. Got someclements measure of revenge when his favorite candidate for governor, the now better known burke holmes, bested half these proxy happys proxy. Clements then returned to kentucky, serving as the state highway commissioner under ho;mes. under holmes. Period of ill health, he passed away in his place of birth, morgan field, in 1985. Hruston morton to put it mildly, his upbringing was quite different from that of chandler or clements. A wealthy scion of family. His father was a doctor. His mothers family made a fortune through flourmilling. Morton born in 1937 was younger than chandler or clements, and he was born in louisville, not western kentucky. A private educated at prep school in virginia and graduated from yale, where is chandler was exuberant and folksy, and clements was sphinxlike. Chandler and clements were democrats. Morton was a republican. From college,ng morton returned to kentucky and rose quickly through the family business, ultimately becoming chairman of the board. 1931, he wed belle clay lyons, and the couple had two children. Morton enlisted in the navy and served four years, rising to lieutenant commander. War,returning from the morton was drawn to public life. After years of democratic control of the white house and congress, and with the depression and world war ii behind them, the American People were in the mood for a change. As a result, morton recognized that 1946 would be a good year for the gop and decided to run for a seat in the u. S. House of representatives. Looking back, morton remarked about that particular year, 1946, anybody who ran on a republican ticket without a gel record wouldve been elected. [laughter] morton who had no jail record was in fact elected. That said, his first race was not without its missteps. 1946, the early implementation of voting machines, which operated with handpulled levers. There was some concern that this technology might confuse voters, so at one rally, a Morton Supporter was explaining how to use these new voting machines. She informed the crowd, just pull the lever. Sending morton to congress is just as easy as flushing your toilet. [laughter] in 1952, morton decided he had enough of the house, yet he still made important political moves. He was the only kentucky delegate to back channel eisenhower at the 1952 convention. Everybody else supported taft. He rented Successful Senate campaign of his good friend and fellow republican john sherman cooper. After supporting ike at the 1952 convention, orton was handpicked by the newly elected president to serve as assistant secretary of state for congressional affairs. 1953ld this position from to 1956, advocating on capitol hill for eisenhowers foreignpolicy agenda. If his tenure at the state department, eisenhower reached out to morton. He urged morton to run for senate against clements in hopes that the republicans might retake the majority following 1956 election. I remember senator morton telling me he didnt think he had a snowballs chance in hell. Morton agreed to run against clements. Morton was sophisticated, east coast educated, former state Department Official. He was from louisville on top of it. He still had some things to learn about running for statewide office. However, he recalled, as a member of the house, ira presented a district which was strictly much or politic. I have no problems with agriculture. My greatest agricultural problem was finding flower seeds for the window boxes. Wasrace against clements really tight, so tight that morton went to sleep at 2 30 a. M. On Election Night not knowing the outcome. The next morning, a headline blared, clements leads morton. As we know, however, thanks to happy, ike, and the pesky vote on Social Security, morton. Arrowly defeated clements once elected, morton was soon elevated to the Senate Republican leadership team. Morton like clements transcended the liberalconservative divide in , resulting in his being mentioned throughout the 1960s as a possible president ial or Vice President ial candidate or a potential Senate Republican. Eader by the way, not in my text, but you would be interested to know that the republican senator who wasagainst Edward Derksen john sherman cooper. Obviously, senator cooper did not win that race. In 1959, eisenhower approach morton with yet another request. Would he had the Republican National committee . Mr. President , you must be at the bottom of the barrel if you are asking me, morton replied. Betterwer did morton one n right ie dam am. [laughter] as it turned out, morton was a very good fit for the job. He headed the rnc from 1959 to 1961, a position interestingly enough that his younger brother would hold exactly a decade later. As head of the rnc, morton was responsible for being the public face of the party and was one of the chief fundraisers and organizers. Like clements, morton was a hardhitting partisan. He was known to say in the context of political campaigns, if as a candidate you dont say it strongly, youll wind up in the wanted ads. That philosophy was on full display in 1962 when the democrats nominated a liberal former louisville mayor wilson wyatt to challenge more for the senate. Campaign, morton hammered wyatt on his liberal cause. The 1962 Kentucky Senate race drew national attention. President john f. Kennedy came that october to speak in favor of wyatt at freedom hall over in louisville. A prominent republican senator visited louisville that fall and made a few appearances, including one supporting morton. That republican was barry goldwater. He was the head of the National Republican Senatorial Committee at the time. I remember it because i was president of the College Republicans at u of l, and i invited goldwater to speak at the university. Goldwater accepted my invitation, and i had the honor of introducing him that day. As a 20yearold college kid, i assumed goldwater simply accepted this invitation because he wanted to come to you of l. Looking back on it now, its clear to me that goldwater may have wanted to visit you of l to give him something public to do while he was campaigning for thruston morton, but his speech likeed suspiciously someone who was laying the groundwork for a president ial 1964, which is of course exactly what he did. Race, 1962 senate mortons success stemmed from more than the assistance of goldwater. It included a helping hand from. One other than Happy Chandler the old war horse was positioning himself for yet another run for the Governors Mansion in 1963. In 1963. Was, a, b, c chandler believed he could aid his own cause by helping morton in 1962. The races were back to back. Remember, in many counties, chandlers Campaign Offices were right next to the morton offices. The irony is chandler helped morton get elected but fell short in his own race the next year. Can tell you from personal experience that chandler and factionalism had an impact at all levels of kentucky politics. Not just in the u. S. Senate contexts. In other in the spring of 1966, i was over here at the law school. I wanted to be president of the student bar association. As a louisville republican, you could understand my most obvious handicap. [laughter] it was not an enviable position to be in. You dont need to have a good strategy, right . What i decided to do was emulate the approach taken by senator morton and form a coalition of republican and prodemocrat law. Tudents like morton, i was able to win my election. You may be asking, how in the world did i know who the democrats were . It really wasnt hard. I just went to all my democratic classmates who didnt have a parttime job in the administration. [laughter] i am not embellishing this at all. That is exactly what we did. You will get a kick out of this. At the time, the most prominent chandler democrat was bill cassidy. I think he subsequently had an epiphany along the way. The year after his reelection, morton was tapped to succeed goldwater as head of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, a position he held until 1967. Morton was in charge of recruiting Republican Senate candidates and helping them with their campaigns. I had the honor of following in mortons footsteps as the head of this committee from 1977 2001. Martin was not just a Political Force in the senate. He played a prominent policy role, especially in foreign affairs. In 1967, he emerged as a key figure in getting the consular treaty approved. The Johnson Administration had been consular treaty approved. The Johnson Administration had been hesitant to pursue the agreement due to its allconsuming attention to the vietnam conflict. The Senate Republican leader, edward arcs, actually oppose the treaty. Morton, a former state Department Official, took the initiative not only for his party but also for the senate. First, he persuaded former president eisenhower to embrace the treaty, which removed a great deal of potential partisanship from the equation, and then morton used his knowledge on the subject matter and reputation as a former state Department Official to convince two thirds of his fellow republican senators to favor the pact, forcing leader Edward Derksen to change his position. Once morton had succeeded in securing strong republican , he prodded a hesitant president johnson to weigh in with democrats. Lbj obliged, and ultimately, the Senate Approved the treaty. Mortons success reflects how power in the senate often fluctuates depending on the circumstances. Senator, even one in the minority party, through a combination of timing, tenacity, and political acumen, can season issue and drive an outcome. An issue and drive an outcome. Mortons snatcher coupled with his foreignpolicy credentials made his next step a highly publicized one. 1967, theof previouslyhawkish morton publicly changed his position on the vietnam war. His change of heart sent washingtonthrough and further undermine support for president johnsons handling of the conflict. Andon, like both chandler was also an advocate for civil rights, and yet despite the high again by annoue would not run for also an advoce for civil rights, and yet despite the high esteem in which he was held in early 1968, morton shocked his colleagues once reelection. Here is how he explained it. He said, to use a kentucky expression, i suppose im just playing track sore. In retirement, like clements, morton continued to advocate for kentucky causes, serving as chairman of the board of churchill downs. Morton passed away in 1982. Friends, the interrelated interrelated careers of Happy Chandler, earle clements, and anuston morton have left impact on kentucky in the nation as a whole. The rivalry between chandler and clements is significant for all of us as kentuckians because it defined state politics for nearly 30 years. The rivalry is important at the National Level because it marked a turning point in the career of two men of national stature. It ended the Senate Career of clements and marked the beginning of mortons. On another level, the rivalry between chandler and clements is the ideallustration of that the personal and political are often inextricably intertwined. Legaciesdly still, the which result from such legacies can reverberate long after the combatants have left the scene. Thank you so much. [applause] thank you, senator, for that very appropriate veterans day presentation, and i want to thank all of you for joining us today. We hope to see you in the near future. [applause] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] when you come into this house, there is so much to do. There is so much coming at you that there is no time to think or reflect. Hi, everyone. We are here digging up soil because we are going to plant a garden. I wont be satisfied nor willed my husband be until every single veteran and Military Spouse who wants a job has one. At the end of the day, my most important title is still mom in chief. [applause] in 2008, Michelle Obama became the first africanamerican first lady when her husband barack obama was elected our 44th president. As first lady, her focus has been on current social issues, such as poverty, education, and healthy living, launching the lets move initiative, addressing childhood obesity. Michelle obama, the sunday night at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspans original series first ladies influence and image, examining the public and private lives of the women who filled the position of first lady and their influence on the presidency, sunday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv on cspan3. Book tv has 48 hours of nonfiction books and authors every weekend and cspan2. Tonight at 10 00 p. M. , on afterwords, Theresa Brown discusses her book the shift, which gives readers a firsthand account of her experience in patient care and safety. Health care is only going to get more and more complex, and we are just going to need better and better nurses to meet all of those complex needs. Thinking about how to keep us strong and healthy and is huge. Ng that we sort of give lip service to that, but we dont really emphasize it. On sunday afternoon at 1 30 p. M. Eastern beenlitics, which ive part of all my life, was not so from the world of petty criminals and racketeers, but it was disguised. For 25 years in my career, ive looked at america as an idea. I defended american principles, the american dream, the american founding, and ive looked at american politics as a debate. Republicans believe in liberty. Democrats believe in inequality. Republicans want equality of rights. Democrats want equality of outcomes. It is the point of view of the criminal underclass that this way of looking at american politics is complete and total nonsense. Examining america and american politics in his newest book stealing america. At seven 30 p. M. Eastern, former democratic president candidate and author Lawrence Lessig talks about his experience running for president and campaign finance. The central theme of his book, republic lost. We are supposed to have a democracy where we as citizens but youl participants, have a system where members of congress spent 30 to 70 of with the interest of that tiny fractional 1 . That basicystem quality is denied. Weekend book tv all every weekend on cspan2. During the civil war, an unprecedented number of american soldiers were killed in battle. Conventional practices of body were notdy recovery able to keep up with the growing number of Fallen Soldiers. Kirk savage gives an indepth analysis of the practices adopted to identify Fallen Soldiers and the types of burials given to Fallen Soldiers. The National Gallery hosted this 90 minute top

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