Future. When we say never again, we have to mean it was when its to the problem with todays culture of remembrance is that we embraced jews to the point that they cant breathe with germany is once again debating how it deals with its nazi past and the issues of guilt, remembrance and responsibility. Should there be more focus on other dark chapters in history . Is the culture of remembrance, changing, and if so, how we had to south africa wearing museum is exploring parallels between european and african history. We also go to israel, where the Younger Generation is rethinking the we, the holocaust is remembered. But we start to show in germany a country that thought he had learned how to come to terms with its past. But his now realizing that its an ongoing process with me in november 1938 anti semitism, took a violent turn throughout germany. Nazis been down synagogues, london, jewish homes and stores and murdered many in the ensuing holocaust. The showa, in hebrew, millions of jews were killed. Remembering these victims and acknowledging the countrys historical guilt for the crimes committed under National Socialism is a fact of life in germany. The nation has faced up to this dark chapter in its history. Its been a rocky journey fraught with hurdles, but the holocaust is central to the countries culture of remembrance versus got on finances. So i like the fact that its clear that we keep the post alive and when, when you look to all the countries, you soon realize a culture of remembrance of upholstery genes crimes. I cant be taken for granted. I ought to say this duty helps us learn how important it is to also keep others memories. A life couldnt vietnam vista of the document envelope for them. About 22000000 people in germany have a migrant background. Meaning one him for like he doesnt identify with the countries historical, built for nazi crimes. And that changes how people look back on history. Now the spotlight is shifting to another murky chapter. Europes long ignored crimes during the colonial era. Germany is struggling to confront its responsibility of a button to see up impulse to a flood lying on when it comes to sweeping colonial crimes under the carpet. Old former colonial powers have the same attitude and germany is no exception. And i told him this kind of like annex they wont admit anything until theres no way around it. And they stirring along the victims for as long as possible long him, the smoky weight. Ready and the gym is praised but how admirably they deal with their dark past. Ready ready no other country in the world has passed, so encouragingly declared jewish philosopher, susan nyman in 2020 does not only apply to the court to the nazis crime top all other crimes against humanity. Its a confidential question. Why does guilt for nazi crimes play such a key role for jim . And how do they face the historical truth . And how are they now trying to venture down new pos, venice defrauded . When it comes to jen, how can we get young people with a migrant background interested in the show . Its important to change our choice of words from some say theyre not interested because its not their history, but that for funder mental misunderstanding to view the show of german history instead of human kinds history for the question, always implies that it doesnt interest them, but thats not true, thats a new cima wants to promote understanding the aim mr. Boost awareness by asking simple question. What does the holocaust have to do with me . And why are we talking about it . I mean, in his room museum direct movie tackles and submitted stereotypes and jewish self images. Gay. But it isnt with all these topics. Its always about the past and the present. And the question is always what do people want to see . What do they want to have confirmed . How far are they willing to venture onto another path . Ah, shallow to lead, a man has written a book whose title translates as understanding the pain of others. It explores how we deal with historical crimes as showered off. All i look at the ideas we have about victims. How can we establish empathy with victims and their descendants . One yes. And why is our empathy often so unequally distributed . Ah, the demon visited the site of Human Rights Violations and not just in europe, she meant victims of atrocities and their descendants. Im she views the holocaust in the context of what she referred to as a global universal memory. Probably the thorny asked question. She asks concerns empathy, which victims and historical crimes evoke empathy, enough of it kept within fights for me say about ive noticed myself that i tend to feel more empathy for victims of National Socialism than for colonial victims. Had to put us not to nozzle. I dont like that reaction, but thats just the way it is, how they can assure infant about us. Its a result of various influences, a few pike women to tune shall lot of eat a man was born in germany. 9 years after National Socialism ended, her father was a member of the party. He kept silent about his nazi past. Like most people, as it was, im to dispose, sean, i think at some point its too late to have the talk. Families should have about the topic and but whats new to day . I think thats why is that todays racism, anti semitism and fall right. Crimes are making young people ask new questions. Like what are you doing . Pardon, what to help victims muscle. What are you doing to help bring home a treatise to jumpstart, was likely upon more people are asking, what can be done, but, of course, against the backdrop of what happened here in the past. I wanna truly put afforded sci fi. Im a foreseeable and these are stellar stunned for ya. I know, you know, google inebriation, christina from often from morning, november 9th. And on that often dicey will that ask avoided for not united with allison and bond to stick lesbian and memorial in the lavette social assa, in berlin since 960. But a monument wasnt built until 50 years after the bloody pock romeus targeting jews. Its a reminder of how the nazis used the synagogue as a site to round up juice for deputation. From here they were loaded into trucks or forced to walk to the Freight Train station sometimes at night and sometimes in broad daylight with every one watching the holocaust vall, im the holocaust was a crime that involved countless people should be often in the places where jews lived for the lord, it was a crime that many profited from him. Hes one of the people looted from their neighbors. Im. Most importantly, however, his boss was that this wasnt just a mass murderer. People said, but a symbolic murder. The systematic, he planned extermination of the jews of europe, germany railey historian, danina calls it a rupture and civilization, the nazis called it the final solution. Thus plan exema, w i. E gas come on top of the data base 2000 mention of imma is like that. So i get them on something once dish with ella i think i in the final solution, adult i. Sherman sentenced to death in israel in 1961 in germany. Those responsible for the crimes that outfits stood trial for the 1st time. In 1963 the trial took place thanks to the efforts of attorney general flipped spouse. Persevering in the face of a germany that largely wanted to forget the shame of its nazi past. And against a web of intrigues within the german postwar justice system. To day immemorial in frankfort commemorates his fight for remembrance is de additional did hope he was not only concerned with the holocaust. It wasnt just about him as a jewish emigrant himself knew. It wasnt just about the crimes against the jews. He was just as concerned with the crimes against cynthia and roma, g o from he was concerned with the rehabilitation of deserters. But he also wanted to assess the world war for what it was fostered and a legal war of aggression and injustice creek. And so he always had the Bigger Picture in mind that mc germans only grasped the full extent of the holocaust. In 1979. When mobbing chomsky many fairies, holocaust hit tv springs, it unleashed long buried feelings and repressed memories and made it impossible to look away from nazi tara and how it to a familys apart. What is his cry . What does he done . Said the, its you dont want the scenes were suddenly in every living room in germany and people started rethinking german identity and the holocaust holocaust. The series was designed to trigger exactly bad us to trigger. And the broadcast reacted quickly and that it senses and realised this Development Needed to be backed up this Award Winning documentary to picks the socio political background and explosive atmosphere in germany following the broadcast of holocaust. In 1979. Only cuba foot at austin m mom. I needed eagerness, derrick study kind siena alst debunk man like after in spent it asked me to one must to send us copelands to suit with folks, acted as if students wanted your fish. Not what its i am got an expert here dump faucet is and down laga and it routes in kilograms feler spring, not on. Suddenly the whole nation was talking about the enormity of the nazis crimes. Finding new ways to make history immediate until noon from it for the future. Saba nor cima read the diary of anne frank as a child with her parents own experience is as refugees from pakistan in mind. Today, she advises the government undeveloped concepts for the prevention of racist and anti semitic violence. Of the candidate assumed the core i dare is that young people should empower themselves that i should frame their own opinions, share their experiences and understand that their story too can be relevant or important to convert. Luxurious to lot of im fine with everything. And frank diary made her a symbolic figure in the history of the holocaust. The learning lab at the Anne Frank Educational center in frankfort invites guests to interact with her story. And when 92 experiences and perspectives of young people to day education can have a decisive influence on how history is remembered. The island to this of course, what we learned in school is important to developing a culture of remembrance of what we remember. And what im doing is ultimately derived from our education fis, has spot to more recent discussion about gym and colonialism. The crimes committed in the colonial era all still badly addressed in history lessons. Why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in form a german South West Africa . All the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. Its a sensitive question from the polarizing one. And for me to make that one really important lesson from the showa, its that you must never so peoples fates into hierarchies. Germanys culture of remembrance was years in the making. Decades of research and schools have solidly entered it in mainstream society, keeping the memory of the holocaust alive remain is a challenge. Not just in germany. Mm. Ah, in israel remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last Holocaust Survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren are moving. We used to remember the past without them televi israel 2022 or an autumn afternoon. 2 generations are coming together. Hannah, monica and sharon went us, theyre involved in the initiative to koran, bas alone remembrance in the living room. Which brings Holocaust Survivors together with young israelis in a private setting that they, they are is that we are doing it together. Were thing together. Were listening. We 1st we listen and then we share and then we talk. And the columbus al on the purpose is not to remember for the sake of remembering. We remember for us to repair, to shape our future. When we say never again, we have to minute Hannah Monica is 99 years old. She survived the treat in stock ghetto that forced labor and the ocean its concentration camp. She shares her experiences and meetings with Younger Generations held around the world and also online. Oh, her servants, as indeed lanita understand what happened massive so they can prevent it from ever happening again this the daily they need to understand that things that appear to be minor can result in terrible things like that. Life of people think it can never happen again. That many forgets and seek or, and bustle on helps them understand how people act back then i say yeah, the active on a she, me now role recall and about him. Hell, the future of holocaust remembrance is also a central concern at the advice him israel. Holocaust memorial in jerusalem, which opened in 1953 escaped jets to day. And israel, theyre a very, very few young people who are able to hear from their grandparents 1st hand about what happened back then. By. In other words, soon the eye witnesses will no longer be able to speak to us directly. There are fewer and fewer legal that has major implications because that means that a very natural connection to the subject. Namely through ones grandma grandpa is disappearing. Vic fit the hall of names and yet for him, a police of remembrance for the 6000000 jews who were systematically murdered. In the name of nancy ideology, the museums goal is to use documents, personal possessions and survivors. Testimonies to convey to future generations. What happened the International School for holocaust studies is also a part of yard for him. An Educational Institution for teaching the history of the sure confidence changes in the culture of remembrance are underway here as well. Again, this is a nice little favors and ive seen the thing we have to understand that is really, society is very, very mixed. They say that it is a very heterogenous society. Are you in israel about half of the jews, and israel are of european ancestry. Ash, canarsie, jews, others have their roots in iraq, north africa, and yemen. And for them there may be a cultural bond or a National Bond through israel, but not necessarily a biographical wanna lease. Are you shipping all of a niche omitting of your graph issue . It is the 3rd and 4th generations in particular that are being impacted by these changes. Here at the school, estella who trains Young Students studying to be teachers. 6 years ago, estelle decided to make a lawyer and emigrate from germany to israel. As its from an and family and so on the one hand we are getting further and further away from the events of the holocaust illness as well. And of course, and israel, we already geographically distant from the places where the holocaust took place and had the places where the family histories existed before the persecution of the holocaust act of one ham. Some. On the other hand, the family connections are just not as strong as they were for the 2nd generation. Angus weatherford, its fight again at your in the future of commemoration is also a concern at zacharon bas alone, 10 years ago when it was 1st initiated by a Younger Generation, it was still small. But today, it has almost gruen into an institution itself and been given a place among official commemorations. Now to johannesburg, south africa, where studying european history is helping young people come to terms with their own countrys experience of violence and depression. The South African metropolis of johannesburg. At the heart of the sprawling cityscape is the holocaust and genocide center. Its founder and executive director is talley knights, who was born in israel in 1961. The historian has lived in south africa for nearly 4 decades. Shes dedicated her life to this project. It was never a museum come while. Dont engage any more. We wanted people to come again in again. Theres a temporary exhibition visit our resource thing to come to events come to phils, come to dialogues, engage that was very important to me personally into all of us tali nights and her team spent a decade planning, collecting donations and networking. The center opened in 2019 and became part of johannesburg. Cultural life architect lewis levine, drew up his design, in consultation with survivors of the show her and the genocide. In rwanda, its architecture that makes the history more tangible. The Railway Lines are embedded in rock and stone. They are not parallel. They are going to the sky and the Railway Lines symbolized journeys, journeys of the holocaust beyond jellies of genocide, journeys of oppression at suffering. Journeys of modernity that brings progress, but all sole pain. Since the 19th century, south africa has been home to the Largest Jewish Community in all of africa. But this place of remembrance is not just for them. Its also for the post to parties, nation as a home, and young people, especially. So why do you choose them to tell . Are the histories because in the country that suffered from a very painful past, and he still struggling with that past off colonialism off racism of apartheid. Very difficult for us to actually speak about ourselves. Everything in our minds is translated through our own history. It is easier in a way to have another entry point. Roughly 30 years after the end of apartheid, the chasm between rich and poor is still very evident. Reconciling the divide is a mammoth task for south africas democracy, the rules which with children, the racial and the honoring policies that were created by the nazis have resemblance true about as big laws in south africa. And ill be very honest with you or south africa is still struggling with racism and inequality infects ill africa is now most an equal country in the world. So a lot of that is between the different races. So theres a reality, we cant deny that. And so when kids come to this center, its an opportunity to speak about that. And to address that, since the wave of violence against african migrants in 2000 a night, conflicts continue to flare up xenophobia and racism. A themes that the center aims to tackle together with students. And teachers like mumsy melinda from red hill high school. My parents did tell me about a part in what they went through. And you still see some of those things. You know, when i teach my kids about my students about a potted, i make them look around the immediate environment and say to them, what do you see . That is the legacy of a potted, in other wits way . Is the evidence of those things. So its very, very important that they make those connections and also to see that history is not just in the history books. It is very much part of us history. Thats not just in books, like these pieces of clothing, for example. They belong to people from the tootsie minority in rwanda, brutally murdered. In 1994, the violence was stoked by racist propaganda on the radio. A genocide in the heart of africa. Since then its been Crystal Clear to tarley knights. Its essential to fight against hatred, indifference, and silence. Rwanda was always v. It had to be the this outburst of violence, deadly deadly violence is really important to speak about how quickly things can happen, how quickly, almost a 1000000 people can be killed. You do not need to build an archway, you can just heal with your hands with machetes with grenades with knives. And i think for us in south africa, were wonder, more than other cases of jail site is the most important case to the center works with volunteers like irina class. Born in 1931. She experienced nazi brutality as a child in poland. Here and now she tells her story. Ah, from 9 years onwards i lived was my mother, my uncle and my grand mother. One small room in the warsaw ghetto. Sinks were not easy at all because i had to almost grow up over night for many years. I couldnt talk about my experiences by my story. Couldnt die was me. I felt i had to bring back said pass, tally nights. His Family History is also part of the museum. What . Because 2 of her relatives names were on oscars. Schindlers list. Her father moses. Here on the left and her uncle hendrick survived the holocaust being on that list save their lives. I am the memorial candle, so i am carrying the memory off the family. And i am very, very proud that this a center in a way is a legacy, is a legacy project to the family members that were murdered. Those that survived a passion for, for history. But the passion for learning from history, understanding history and learning from it for this tally nights is a recipient of the 2020 to go to metal. That was our, its 21 with some new perspectives on remembrance, cold turkey. Good bye for now. And see you next time ah, ah, ah, [000 00 00;00] with nothing is as it was and is even said to be better. Oh paul astro. The original time automaker has completely revamped its most important model. We test the plugin hybrid version and give you the full report with w a. T together. Extraordinary projects from all over europe. 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