A co africa. I am chris philips, and i am sandra. Twin of you now, what is the bio mass . Exactly. It ease plant, best material that can be used as of fuel to produce heat or electricity. But havent we learned that a bonnie would and other organic material producers could born to excite emissions . Well, that depends on how it is done. So he is a look at what we have coming up. Well see how organic material can also be used to make fatty laser. How poor residues can help most the energy greet and how both organic and non organic matter, pollute waterways. Some months ago this Somalia Government declared a state of emergency drought there has left more than 2000000 people facing severe water shortages and also hunger. The you and food and agriculture going as a should seize, the situation is extremely wiring. But on top of the drought, ongoing conflict is forcing people to flick their horns. Many have ended up in internal displacement, comes in one come for example, Clean Technology is being used to show people are getting the food they need until now most Cecilia Barrow has had to overcome her fear to cook on her wood burning stove. The mother of 6 children was forced to flee from severe drought and lives in a camp for inter the displaced persons in jo, har, central somalia, providing for her family in the camp has been fraught with serious danger. Mary, bidding them hide out the meal also. But with land from july yellow, warm and live in this i need he cant look at a lie, hadley. Well, normally we cut wood from the jungle to cook food toria, all over hot muddle soccer. We face a lot of problems when were in the jungle deputy, are we face Sexual Harassment earlier, including racism, or in a live it . Glad assa mara, the other women in the camp report the same. Sexual assaults are irregular threat, but the fear of being attacked while gathering wood will now hopefully disappear, just like the smoke pollution from the charcoal stoves. In this communal kitchen, the women take turns cooking for their families with bio gas, they get it free of charge from a near bike bio gas plant. The women of the camp also provide the fuel for the bio Gas Production themselves by collecting fresh cow dung. The dung is poured into a trough and stirred before it goes into the buyer digest a tap. The gas produced in the tank is piped underground into the communal kitchen where it provides a hotter and cleaner flame than charcoal. For the around 100. 00 women here, the bio gas is liberating in many ways. By gus sca bios is a great solution for us on a code that we use to worry about would when we had too little to cook with it because it was too dangerous for women to collect word in the jungle home on model. Now when we come home late, we can cook our food in the bio gas kitchen without worrying sooner and i had that had to laugh. Besides providing free clean energy for cooking, the bio gas plant also helps the farmers in the region. The used kalman you from the by digest a tank can be dried, crushed into powder and packaged as fertilize it for local thomas. One bag costs about 30 years. But its worth it thanks to hire yields and better Quality Produce rolliger be given her. My firm used to produce 40 bags of corn with each weighing a 100 kilos. But last season, we used by our gas fertilizer and we harvested 80 bags of corn without each weighing a 100 kilos with us again, we expect more this season and look at some ali even though the country often lacks the know how and Financial Resources for a large scale implementation, the potential of bio gas is enormous, says ottoman mohammed yamani, a Renewable Energy expert and environmental consultant whos so maria, the, that the 6000000. 00 livestock, i mean was a corbett fall thats roughly 2. 2. I mean little, but itll have to tell its so animal manure is politically available in somalia. So basically there to do use a bio gus in somalia is very viable via guess technology might still be in its infancy in somalia. But the 1st steps have been taken and for the women in the refugee camps, the transition to clean energy has already had a positive impact on their lives. So biomass evolves with growing resources on youth and west to mc energy. It certainly seems like the perfect alternative, paul source, and it is currently responsible for 5 percent of energy globally. But is there dont fight how clean is it really . Thats a very good question, sandra and one that doesnt really have a simple answer. We want to look now at some of the pros and cons of using bio mass to create energy on a log scale, as well. So many phase. It is neither a miracle cure though a quick fix. And if managed poorly, it can lead to more harm. Van goods alpha non appeals, not shells, and other left over foods can actually power the device youre watching this on. Its called biomass energy. Not just left overs, wood plants, all animal theses can also be a source of electricity or heat. We are surrounded by bio mass and a such by opportunities, trash from the dump as well as waste from homes. Restaurants all forms all provide suitable organic matter. The collected waste is cleaned at a processing plant, a temperatures of around 55. 00 degrees celsius. The waste is sealed off from oxygen and eaten up by bacteria in a, by a reactor. This process called Anaerobic Digestion generates gas that contains high quantities of me thing. Its a powerful source. Were generating electricity and heat once its fed into the gas. Great. Mm. It can also be used to power natural gas vehicles. The left over bio mass can be used as composites for farming, for example, taking the whole process circular by a gas plants of this time exist all over the world. In europe, there are around 20000 there are 2200 bio gas plants in the u. S. And about the same in thailand, malaysia and indonesia, combined by a gas plans produce only a quarter of the c o. 2 emissions that coal plants emit. And bio mass energy. Theres one more advantage over solar and wind in there, its on to me. So you dont care if the winds blowing sun shining. But there is a catch by a me sane can leak from these facilities. This gas is ability to warm the planet is much greater than that of c o. 2 and bio gas facilities are only sustainable as long as waste is used. If crocks are cultivated for the purpose, its not viable. The same is true of biofuels produced from biomass like fire even all by a diesel. The crops for them need to be grown and that takes away space for food trucks or even deplete forests and biodiversity. As is happening with palm oil, trees and indonesia, sugar cane in brazil and rapes seed in germany. Would pallets are an alternative and increasingly popular biofuel. But researchers say there is strong evidence that natural forests and habitats in Eastern Europe and north america are being destroyed by the rising demand for would pellets through illegal logging. U. S. E, u and british policy makers have classified woody bio mass as renewable, and therefore, governments are subsidizing the production and burning of wood pellets. Producers are required to reforest areas, so the c o 2 that is released while burning pellets is re absolved. But a study found that depending on the type of forest it could take between 44 and 100 full years until nearly planted trees can absorb the same amount of carbons sucked up by the ones that were cut down over a 100 year period. Stone, trees, pine, anyway. Climb any these egg cross. Ah, are a good source of energy . Over a 100 years. Over 25 years over 40 years. Frankly, they probably more. Especially when forests play another crucial role lou entries are spending money. They should be spending on true renewables like wind and solar, on this energy source. Ah, thats not going to get us where we need to be assa plan. And the Fastest Growing plants could be another option because the carbon emitted could be absorbed again, much more quickly. Than in trees. Can you make bio mass, a sustainable and a have you make sure it has a positive carbon impact answers . Yes. But then you have to get into the details of what kind of bio mass, what kind a lan . Ultimately, most forms of biomass pretend to be better than they are burning would alone, for example, is not a solution because even if its source sustainably, its still produces emissions. Would waste can however, be digested by bacteria at a bio gas facility and organic products like that. Banana peel powering your phone can help manage waste cycles. To day bio, mass, energy covers any small part of our world wide demand. It can work in combination with other renewables, but its not scalable to be our Main Energy Source in the future. Lots kill Energy Production requires lots amount of basic materials. But what can we do with the small amounts of organic, wished we produce in our kitchens on a wicked basis, thus to can find, propose, as you see in this weeks doing your bits. Ah, its a shame to see good food go to waste and not just because it has nutritional value. But also because when food rots it releases climate damaging emissions like methane table scraps can be put to better use. This restaurant in northern garner has a 0 food waste policy. Any leftovers are put into underground fermentation pence restaurant. I know martin yellow bora thats local bacteria to the mix. When sealed, it produces an organic fertilizer relatively quickly. With these are composed takes about 6 months to a yell. This fed laser takes barely 3 months, and its really to fit laser soils. We cant even extract liquid fat laser from this solid fat laser. To make the liquid version, martin yellow bore abs, waste water from the kitchen to the pit. One local farmer has been using it to spray his corn crop to crops, of changed colour compared to what you god bless. At leather, you see then look, compare when i tried to sample and basically, within 7 days a week, i saw a change in the planet. I havent seen the evidence. Im in chorus, and in tucson, quentina ah mountain yellow bore a thanks bag. He says 10000. 00 tons of solid organic frat eliza could be produced annually and northern gone to relearn from household and restaurant leftovers that would otherwise go to waste. And how about you . If you are also doing your bit, tell us about it, visit our website, or send us a tweet. Patch tag doing your bit. We share your stories. So far weve presented examples of all gallic motto can be put to good use. But sometimes the wrong kind of voice can end up in the wrong place at the wrong time. On next report deals with a devastating effect. Sewage can have on what we a wants, pristine m 5 megs. Much to the dismay of People Living in the area. Debbie leach is not impressed. Few could guess where she is pulling up here. The river thames and london has a few undesirable spots along its banks. And this here is wet life. Its caught on this twig. Its about one half me to thick mound of wet wipes, mixed with twigs and some salt few leaves. But its basically solid, used wet wipes. Locals have dropped the area which wipe island it come to real house is this south like in peoples bathrooms . Its people are using wet wipes in the bathrooms and then i think he accost are flush that down the low. Theres no bite of esther, theyre tall, all the small animals youd expect to see on river banks, and unfortunately it is gone. Debbie is part of a group of britons monitoring the condition of the rivers. Something the authorities here rarely do these days. Many are outraged that toilet we could end up here on the riverbank retired police officer. Ashley smith heads up a group that conducts daily detective work the Washer Company for the thames region. Once a purification plant, not far from here. We see quite a nasty coating of grey fine sediment on the bottom and brown and grey owl gay, which is coating the gravel choking any weve life out of it. Ashley smith is on his way to a spot where the Company Releases the purified waste water into the stream. But directly next to it actually points to a 2nd pipe. This one sometimes spews out untreated waste water, the actual chemicals, your hormones, the drugs, the bacteria, the human waste, the ah, heavy levels of phosphate and nitrogen, and an ammonia that all comes out here. And that makes its way down into the River Windrush then into the river thames sewage last clued from it 2 days ago. He says hes collecting film evidence. Im going to put them gloves on because im going to post the camera after its been in that the companies are allowed to release untreated waste water into the rivers, but only in exceptional circumstances. When theres flooding, where the sewers are fool after heavy rain. Otherwise, its illegal. Our analysts can tell if its happened by looking at war to Industry Data flow data taken on 15 minute intervals. He can establish whether its happened to early, if theyve discharged it before treating sufficient for their permit. And we found a lot of illegal activity in that way. The Washer Company insists its activities are legal. The Environment Agency relies on companies to self monitor at the public outcry has now prompted an investigation. U. K. Rivers are among the most polluted in europe. The government and Water Companies are accused of feeling to modernize the sewage system over decades. This is basically a consequence of victorian infrastructure and its a, its a huge undertaking to remove all of the storm overflow. They are therefore emergency flash flooding events outside. Theyve always been part of the system, but were taking action right now to, to eliminate some of these and reduce their harm. But its predicted to take 10 or 20 years. So ashley wants to keep up the pressure by exposing as many illegal activities as possible. He recently found an undocumented pipe from thames water is about 3 meters down into the thames. Here the water is in a shocking state containing feces, old food and grease. Every time we have come, its been worse than the last. Its been dreadful. Its. Its really bad. The Water Company claims not to have released any untreated sewage year since march last year. So its a mystery. Her, this condo came out of the pipe, were presented to the Environment Agency, and i expect them to do very little life. Become almost redundant on a spectator in the engagement now between campaigners the water industry and counselors and local people who are now really pushing for the changes to of those local people arrive on the scene. Oh you oh, they were hoping to go swimming, looking a bit round of their show that its not looking good is it . Know, at least the Water Company, no issues, warnings when its releasing sewage into the tank. Disgusting. And we shouldnt have to put up with this is a river here was so clean, you could see the river bed only a couple of decades ago. Especially when they are group has come up with another strategy to get this stretch of the river cleaned up. The aim is that were going to try and get designated bathing water status, which will mean that the Environment Agency are obliged to monitor regularly and try and impose. I did some functions on tims water on the device. Their plan, along with trevor williams. He takes regular samples and sends the results to the authorities. So you can see its quite dirty today because its just rained but hopefully not for much longer. Because their strategy worked. This stretch of the river has now been granted bathing water status to things ought to get a lot cleaner here. Soup, that will be the 2nd river in the whole of the u. K. To have a bathing water status. So and hopefully other rivers will follow suit and other Water Companies will take note that they cant get away with dumping that their waist in the river and policing polluting on barnett. The campaigners are having to go to Great Lengths and even resort to tricks. But thee, along with many britons just want the u. K. s rivers to be cleaner. Again. Best small and made of plastic sashes. These little packets might be handy, but they quickly land in the garbage bin, and they dont ross. In all web special, we chant the journey of such a sachet from the origins of the Raw Materials its made from to its ends on the rubbish heap. We find out why the number of such hayes is growing and why theyre so lucrative for businesses. And so disastrous for our planet. Find out more at d, w dot com slash plastic. The health of all our water sources is becoming more important than ever, especially as rise in temperatures and a drop in rainfall are causing more and more water bodies to dry up. And thats just one issue that is pushing more countries to find ways to become more self reliant. That is true crease an example that can be seen on reunion. The island nation in the indian ocean has set itself the goal of switching entirely to renewables before the end of the decade. By taking advantage of all the resources, art is disposal for union island is famed for its beautiful beaches and large green mountains. But it comes to carbon emissions. The islands record is less attractive. Around 2 thirds of its energy needs are covered by fossil fuel. This heavy oil factory in the city of flu pool is run by french utility e d f. In future its you to switch to lashley. Couple neutral operation running on calls are in soil just one step towards achieving an ambitious goal. Switching to renewables, completely by 2020 it. This power plant owned by albumin runs partly on coal from south africa, and partly on domestic biomass. It will need to switch completely to bio mass in future, the Sugar Refinery next door it his provides a convenient source of the quinn fuel. This has gone away, utilize as much of the sugar cane as possible. We pressed the liquid auto feet in descent and airport in the cant get distributed on the surrounding fields as fit laser. The machines go to the ram distilleries the albumin pastiche, and uses the plant fables to produce images that flows into the public. Greed from which we then draw our electricity is o n o. By that him on the bottom of the albumin power plant accounts for around 11 percent of the islands overall in 80 output. The conversion to all bye, almost production is costing the company to 100000000 euros. And thats just for this one plant. And i fear that on for a while, it doesnt, did study is i want to new storage dorms. They have a capacity of 9500 cubic meters each. You have, these are the kind of units remain you use, like we plenty of sustainable by almost that miss European Union standard. My wife will initially use would pellets from the united states, but we later switched to suppliers closer to home as like in mozambique and south africa. Oh, prepare for farm deposit. I known issue oil as it was on ager. I think you should only 10 percent of the would pallets will be sourced from the island. That means 900000. 00 tons a youll need to be imported. The company sees it will still cut the plants over Carbon Footprint by over 80 percent. The government is more trusted in large scale solar farms, like less cedars in 9 megawatt project in the south of the island here fruit and vegetables are grown under the solar panels which provide the plans protection from the hot sun and some to renew this is a small island, we have to make good use of space when youre building for farmland in power plant, sol. So here we are combining a solar power plant within organic from we also have a battery system that chose the electricity produced during the day to feed it into the greed, it peak times distorted in elgin bonner lawfully more the Company Plans to expand this model. And multiply it, solar output 6 volt. That would be another important tip towards achieving unions cole, of covering all its energy needs with cupboard neutral renewables by 2028. I am scared of weve run out of time for to day, but we are good for that. He could join us for these, especially edition of equal africa, and a do be sure to tune in again next week, sometime, some place until then. I am so latino video signing from compiler, here in uganda. Looking forward to seeing you again next week, sandra to all your viewers. Albert, do be sure to share your thoughts and comments with us on our social media platforms. For now is good buy from me, chris, a lamps in oakland state nigeria. Ah, [000 00 00;00] with with who was making the headlights and whats behind them. Dw news africa, the show that was the issues in the continent. Life is slowly getting back to normally on the street to give you enough reports on the inside of our cars. Funds is on the ground reporting from across the continent. All the trends doesnt matter to you. In 90 minutes on d. W. Oh, not has no limits. Love is for everybody. Love is life. I love matters and thats my new podcast. Im evelyn char, mom and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that more divides and denied that. And this i have invited many deer and well known guests. And i would like to invite you to and then were all that good to go beyond the obvious a as we take on the world. 8 hours. I do all this weird all about the stories that matter to you. Whatever it takes. 5 police, my follow a deal we are your is actually on fire made for mines. Oh, how did she become adults . Hitlers favorite director. And how did he become a forgotten filled pioneer leading. He finished and arnold fun between hitler and hollywood. In 1932, they sent out into the icy wilderness of greenland to create a life threatening film project that became a major milestone in their lives. Love, seduction and power. Ice cold passion starts october 8th on d, w. Ah, [000 00 00;00] ah, the sustainable news log from berlin, russia stages annexation votes and occupied regions of ukraine. Western powers slammed the so called referendums as a shaft. They say russia will fix the outcome to justify swallowing up 15 percent of ukraines territory. Also on the program runs, president vows to investigate the death of