Digital form. And mass exodus what happens when lots of people try to evacuate an area that once the provide a model. Mathematics is still dominated by ned the fields medal which is widely considered the highest accolade for discoveries the nats has only been awarded down to one woman. To a brain in missouri honey in two thousand and fourteen but even in ancient times there were outstanding female mathematicians like hypatia of alexandria she gave public lectures and was highly celebrated math has all kinds of applications so how about the mathematics of escape thats what one woman today is studying. Get a customer and her Team Research peoples behavior on evacuation routes. Theyre doing an experiment first they set up a camera to capture data how long do people need to go up or down a flight of stairs. Surely those who in general walk faster will be quicker going up stairs to and overtake slower people write. Well not necessarily. The results of his little experiment indicate the assumption is wrong and that has implications for simulating and designing every accusation routes. We already know that people tend to slow down but what weve observed is that they tend to align themselves in a more orderly fashion and that theres less overtaking. For evacuation routes via stairs this means that bottlenecks may develop at different places than previously expected. The team also made another discovery in an emergency not everyone runs as fast as they can. To mention mine something to follow when people are in danger as a group they identify with each other and most will help others because of the feeling of being in it together. If a simulation has everybody running with only him or herself in mind and without stopping to check if anyone is injured then its plain wrong. Psychologists are found out that at least sixty percent of people will help others when necessary carrying or supporting children and adults who are injured family stick together that means it may take longer for people to escape in an emergency but more people actually get out. Canisters for tips whats new is that we mathematicians are working with such data. The teens computer simulations now incorporate these insights into human behavior. Cust is developing a Virtual Reality app to visualize and simulate danger zones and crowd behavior in them its intended for the police or bar managers and should help them devise ways to reduce the risks by say assigning stewards at the right spots. You know what people react best when spoken to directly even if theyre drunk for example and in a critical situation when you need to get people out talking to them is far better than say posting a sign it custers finding suggest that making spaces safer might not always have to involve Building Work enough security personnel clearly visible and well positioned might suffice to ensure that everyone remains safe where large crowds gather. Safety also has a major role in medicine when approving new drugs for example to minimize risks and side effects active ingredients are tested on animals as well as human. The trials can take a long time and many people find animal testing on ethical researches are now creating a virtual heart model which would help them test new drugs on a computer instead of living beings. The virtual heart is a work in progress at the Pharma CompaniesResearch Center in germany. Human heart muscles our retreat from the deep freeze for experiments. Scientists here are investigating why they work the way they do and how. Theyre all timid objective is for animal testing for new medication to be replaced with simulations. After briefly thawing out the heart cells start to beat again and how its been hard to the heart contains many millions of heart muscle cells which are extremely varied those differences are due to the Electrical Properties of the Cell Membranes the elected member on we have to measure those properties in a large number of individual cells in order to understand how the organ as a whole functions. And his team measure the passage of electrical signals emitted by the cells that lead to the contraction of the heart muscle they can detect currents of just a few billions of. Those minute differences influence how. The researchers can see which levels of electrical current lead to which property. The data from real cells is the basis for simulating the entire organ thats where the math comes in experts at one Time University in analyze the data to formulate differential equations the next step toward the goal of virtual medication testing. Testing is currently still unspecific. A lot of active substances are classified as dangerous even though thats not strictly true. Our aim is to perform these tests on a computer which will be able to simulate different scenarios. As the model for the simulation is based on the laws of physics so its very realistic. I can run various scenarios through the computer and make the Development Process easier to understand. The virtual heart is not yet complete due to the complexities involved in simulation the mathematicians conduct repeated checks to see whether their model heart muscle arrives at a different result to the real organ. Medicine could for example influence the progress of the cells electrical signals and cause heart arrhythmia. The mathematician simulate this by computing a range of current levels to see whether the medication could have negative effects. As. Currently testing is carried out on animals and on humans which is very expensive and time consuming and also comes with ethical issues this mathematical model of the cellular system is already very advanced. Its expected that mathematical tests will be incorporated into the Testing Process in three or four years time that would mean Lower Development cost and no more ethical issues. In the meantime the mathematicians are continuing their experiments to confirm the simulation for individual cells and then transfer it to the entire heart further increasing the accuracy of their virtual heart. The model will aid the development of new medication in less time at less cost and without animal testing. Now is something that will get the hearts of Science Fiction fans all aflutter huberts it gives talks explaining the Technology Used in classics Like Star Wars could it become a reality find out more in this weeks web video. What the scientists make of the science. Mind star wars you say theres wielded to cut down enemies with lethal light seriously. But some just try the southeast where they called lifesavers because they glow not because its actually light and heat so they support couldnt use a laser pointer to fight either and when you have Something Like a lightsaber did exist it would be made of plasma a very hot ionized gas and with that you would be able to cut through things them on and off thing its a life. And theres no way you could fit the Massive Energy required into the savings held this Community Problem is everywhere whatever technology whether its beaming warp drive or light savers the energy used pivotal and. Moving on to transportation would it be possible to zip through a galaxy as easily as they do in star wars in star wars at the filmmakers gave no thought to how that could actually work nobody but talk about traveling at one and a half times the speed of light but even at that speed it would take ages to cross a galaxy and vice around one hundred fifty thousand years apparently but how about lum speed as a whole the boards at least they might really work right. To skip it is possible to build over boards that float you either use air pressure or superconductivity at some politician. In twenty fifteen like systems Superconductor Technology to develop a prototype hoverboard based on my kinetic levitation. So overall a whole lot of star wars science doesnt work in real life. But dont let that be a downer while enjoying the movies. Derek outlets planets in the star wars universe some more realistic than others. The does it planet stuff i mean looks like you get the same kind of windy weather we have on earth one viewer bismark the tumour had a question about but. Where does wind come from. Wind is moving air and theres usually a lot of it over the sea what makes it blow is that the air over the land heats up faster than the air over the water. The warm air rises while the cool air over the sea flows in to fill the space the air pushed out over the water cools down and sinks and its this circulation of masses of there that produces wind. From the lightest breeze to devastating hurricanes. Large scale movements of air known as atmospheric circulation effect weather patterns around the planet without these winds the equator would continue to heat up and the polar regions would cool further. Atmospheric circulation also brings dust from the sahara to south america the people of the sahara struggle to keep the desert sand in place but the wind blows it where it will the sahara dust often ends up in their homes while the sirocco wind for example picks it up and propels it to europe this hot desert wind is part of a regional one system over and around the mediterranean another wind in the region is the burra which features some of the fastest gusts in the world. The idea of using the force of the wind as a source of energy goes back to ancient times the first windmills may have been built over four thousand years ago and today wind is a vital source of Renewable Power its all because the air just cant keep still if outlet is read write our grid but you made it. Do you have a science question that youve always wanted answered were happy to help out yes a little less as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show well send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. Find as i did have you dot com slash science drop us a line at d w underscore site tech on facebook d w dot science. When help says to produce green energy all over the world but there are lots of alternative Energy Sources like giant solar panels on hydroelectric power stations electricity can also be generated from the biomass of Sustainable Materials like great seed and corn but wouldnt it be even more practical if we could produce our own electricity at home that very thought gave one inventor an idea. Gets a warm sunny day in northern germany but in his house every sun is a for. To fire up the wood burning stove. Its not so much about heating up his living room he wants to show off his latest invention. The designer his income this is delivers a combined heat and power plants that produces electricity short. C. H. B. Generators are nothing new what is new is the way this one works burning wood to produce electricity without the help of a turbine but by means of thermoelectric generators an array of tiny thermocouples. Then made up of two plates each a different metal alloy with different Electrical Conductivity if one is hotter than the other that difference is converted to electricity as charge carry is flow from the hot side to the cold side. Every stone uses this model to show how it works some of the generators are attached to the underside of an element in plate that connected by a cable to the electric fan mounted on the model plane. Youre actually going for a simply put my hand on top of the body heat transfers to the module. The cold side is the big block of aluminum underneath. Sort of temperature difference is what makes the rotor spin. Between because its food. Nasa has used this kind of technology for ages the voyager one space probe launched in one thousand nine hundred seventy seven is powered by thermoelectric generators but still work after all its time. Been a significant work for forty years in space and that must be useful on earth and. Thats precisely what hes demonstrated by developing his special stove. Its walls contain a hundred thermoelectric generators. The temperature inside is about three hundred degrees celsius the states outer walls are cooled by water flowing through a series of tubes and hitting its not temperature differential that generates the electricity thanks to the magic of the firm a couple. Two hundred thirty watts or so are enough to power a large refrigerator the lamps throughout the house every son has installed about three to stay. The power produced. Low spec ones harken is an architect with a special interest in Energy Efficiency he wants to check out the stove. Hes always on the lookout for innovations that might contribute to sustainability. Yes its definitely for me for me this is a first ive never seen anything quite like it im familiar with would guess occasion furnaces and they work very well. But this combination producing energy at home is really new noise. As a prelude to the demonstration ericsson switches off the mains supply. Now theres no power from the mains thats why the fridge light is off. Then if a sim fires up the. Whole sixty three its rising it was at zero whats a moment ago now were at three but if we wait ten more minutes well be at around two hundred watts. Or them and dont forget all this from firewood just ward not oil or gas. Ten minutes after the fire was lit the refrigerator is plugged into a socket connected directly to the special started. The fire is burning bright under lectures the tea is flowing. With the most fun the moment of truth. And it works. As even thought of that it is a very promising and Interesting Technology well be hearing more about it. Cost erikssons Company Already manufactures and sells the state he says theres lots of interest and he gets inquiries from all over the world. Climate change is a global crisis. We already know many of the causes. And the consequences like floods and droughts which could also have severe implications for the Timber Industry. Researches in switzerland doing a long term study on tree for ai and to see which ones have the best chance of survival. The impact of Climate Change is particularly severe in switzerland the average temperature has risen by two degrees celsius since records began more than twice the global average Scientists Say it could rise by up to six degrees by the end of the century switzerlands forests are under threat one growing danger is the lack of water leading to drought stress. Steffen flickinger manages the forests unless city of burn on low land in the center of the country hes pessimistic. Climate change means that some tree species are no longer suited to this area in the long term during the dry Summer Season peach trees can no longer draw the water up to their crowns the trees then begin to die from the top downwards. While the lowlands do still have areas with good growth conditions for the beach here mark green by the end of the century many will be in a far worse than state month read the best conditions then will only be found at high altitude. And its a similar situation with the spruce a tree of vital importance for the european Timber Industry it will likewise struggle to grow at a lower elevations. Steffen few concerns for his forests prompted him to calculate their projected Development Two years ago. He used the results to draw up a plan for the future. A concept or a means to introduce Natural Regeneration wherever we have climate compatible tree species. And in other places we need to plant those types to at least ensure there are durable tree species there in the future. Forest does have a responsibility to plan for the next generation or so down. An approach that is welcomed by the likes of peter brown he heads the Major Research program founded by switzerland environmental and Forest Research authority its objective is to provide forest is like stephan field with strategies for the forests of the future. Almost. All have to constantly keep Climate Change in mind. This is a factor with a real impact a tree that regenerates today will probably be exposed or have to be exposed to the climate at the end of the twenty First Century thats something you have to incorporate. What stefan flukey goes certainly does every decision he makes has just the one purpose to reinforce the forest and minimize risks that claim of a Climate Change is happening and is already impacting on our work today determines what our work consists of. And sometimes that also means cutting down entire swathes of old trees next spring hell be planting and other climate compatible trees here. In areas where the tree population is still in a healthy condition he does what he can to boost the growth of the strongest and most promising tree. Any trees standing in the way of that undertaking all removed this junk the news the resistance of the individual trees and such of the entire forest. The forest a whos also reduced the time he leaves until harvesting as his trees do not grow too fake or too old theyre less vulnerable its a strategy that also benefits the structure of the forest space previously taken up by older trees is now available for the young saplings succeeding that. Their results in forest comprises trees in a range of different heights and ages the chances of some of the trees with standing in extreme some a drought or a storm considerably greater and with a bit of luck this will in turn improve species diversity a further safeguard for the future. Didnt fermions if they all were removing these old trees because we already have a climate compatible next generation underneath waiting for sufficient light silver furs and some oaks as well both a species that will have no problem coping with a temperature increase of two to four degrees over the next fifty years to boost their research as peter bang says the both opes and silver firs are sound option. We are human so we do figure the oaks we have here have an innate ability to cope with dry conditions for us to be right and thats what makes this species fit for the future its very huge east. But a broad diversity of species is crucial not just oaks and silver firs for peter pan that also means looking further afield and not just within switzerland or europe. The first month or one day can most people have to bear in mind that our approaches towards tree diversity and nature in general need rethinking. And that also includes options such as incorporating tree species from overseas. And to pretty. From turkey for example which is where the cedar trees hail from summit drought and excessive heat pose no threat to this species. Because. These imported species do have disadvantages that right now they can be sensitive to frost. Such as this cedar. Saw that might not yet have adapted to the snow. Thats why were testing the species on this patch because we cant say yet whether theyll thrive here. Trying is testing six imported varieties for their viability. But the idea of introducing foreign species is a controversial one the douglas fir for example is considered an adequate substitute for the spruce but conservation groups say it reduces biodiversity and carries the risk of becoming invasive concerns that apply for all imported species. Forest as stefan feel he is aware of that potential threat but the prospect of losing his forest to Climate Change is in his eyes the greater danger. If we keep an eye on survey results but regenerating the next generation is something that cant wait until the research is completed so weve planted species here that we assume will be climate compatible like the douglas fir the oak and some nondomestic species of opportunity. A carefully planned multinational Tree Planting scheme to make his forest fitter for the future. Thats all for now next time well take a look at blocked Chain Technology because of its decentralized nature its regarded as one of the most secure forms of communication but what makes blood change so termed the proof. Join us for that and more. Next time on tomorrow to day see you then but i. Must give you. A much smaller. Country. With the census. Recognizes. And its. An expression. Of. The cultural magazine of. The. World. Were not here to judge. But to eliminate prejudice and. Were not here to change your opinion. But to open some space for different points of view were not here to speak on behalf of anybody but to let everybody speak for themselves. Or to give the right answers or to ask the right questions. Were not here to indoctrinate but to listen. Close ninety connect to an unbiased agenda subscribe now on you tube. Hows your view of the well. Where i come from but all of that to get to cisco just like this chinese food does matter where i am always reminds me of home after decades of living in germany chinese food is one of the things i miss the most but that taking a step back i see things the new took different terminologies didnt have for its first as american a sense that exists as a part of the order havent been implemented in china thats new for the not the Chinese People wondering if their foot is safe but if you have a right to another that is this is their job just that of them how i see it and deficit why i have nothing my job because i tried to do it exactly this hour a day by name of the uninsured and i work at it up you. Plane. This is g w news live from berlin at least forty one people are killed after a passenger plane makes an Emergency Landing in moscow the tail of the aircraft be longing to a russian carrier aeroflot was engulfed in flames when it touched down well go live to our correspondent in moscow. Also coming up israels Prime Minister orders a massive strikes on gaza. The biggest comes after scores of rocket attacks on southern israel by palestinian militants