Infected Disneyland and then spread to other people Hana Tom Petty fund that's become an American anthem now the news live from n.p.r. News in Washington I'm Jack Speer in an unusual development the Republican led Senate intelligence committee has subpoenaed Donald Trump Jr to appear before the panel the president's son testified before the committee in 2017 during which time he said he had only marginal knowledge of a proposed Moscow project more from N.P.R.'s to mac a source familiar with the subpoena confirmed to n.p.r. That it had been issued the move sets up an unprecedented confrontation between a Republican led committee and a member of the president's own family Trump Jr testified in December 27th before the committee at that point he was downplaying his knowledge of any proposed Trump Tower project in Russia but in the time since former Trump confident Michael Cohen has testified that he repeatedly briefed Trump Jr on the project Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr declined to comment on the subpoena but a spokesperson for the committee said that quote The committee has reserved the right to recall witnesses for additional testimony as needed to mak n.p.r. News Washington President Trump is pushing back against a New York Times report that says his businesses lost more than a 1000000000 dollars between 1985 in 1900 for calling the peace highly inaccurate the newspaper and its reporting cited information from Trump's tax records which showed major losses including $46.00 and a half $1000000.00 in 1905 report went on to say that Trump's operations lost so much money that for $8.00 of 10 years covered by the documents he wanted paying any income taxes at all Trump however said such accounting is routine for real estate developers Trump's refused to disclose his federal tax returns in New York Senate and an Enron as approved legislation would allow lawmakers access to the president's state returns troubling ministration as imposing new sanctions on Iran's mettle exports one year after the u.s. Pulled out of the Iran nuclear deal N.P.R.'s reports that sanctions are part of the White House effort to push Iran into talks. Didn't trunk says the u.s. Will no longer tolerate any nation's aseptic imports of Iranian steel or other industrial metals in a statement Trump said metals are the biggest source of export revenue for Iran but size as crude oil exports since pulling out of the Iran deal last year the White House has been re-imposing sanctions attempting to increase pressure on the regime last month the administration said its goal was to get Iran's role exports down to 0 Iran is threatening to increase your Amy on enrichment within 60 days if other nations don't shield the country from these economic penalties I saw Roscoe n.p.r. News the White House after yesterday's major decline u.s. Financial markets turned around somewhat today ahead of the start of the next round of u.s. China trade talks that investors remain edgy The Dow is up 2 points 225967 the Nasdaq fell 20 points yes and p. 500 dropped 4 points this is n.p.r. . Authorities now say the student who helped subdue one of the Colorado school shooting suspects yesterday is a student Marine recruit who has yet to receive any formal military training Marine Captain Michael McGehee saying today the student Brendan bialy is a member of the Marines delayed entry program and had met regularly with a recruiter The Corps says he placed his own safety and risk above himself helping to tackle one of the shooters at the charter school near Denver 2 suspects were taken into custody one is 18 he was in court today and is being held on suspicion of murder in the death of student Kendrick a steel 8 others were hurt some drivers of the ride handling app over and lift are on strike today protesting against cuts in pay ahead of Oberst highly anticipated stock market debut more N.P.R.'s Kamila dominance ski drivers in Los Angeles New York City London and other cities vowed to stay off the apps for at least part of the day on Wednesday they're upset with their pay rates and have asked for better working conditions James Hicks is on strike in Los Angeles we're not mocking the word trying to encourage other. Drivers and Atlanta Chicago and Washington d.c. Among other cities planned demonstrations in support of the strike it's not clear how many drivers are taking part or the extent of the strikes affect on the availability of rides or is going public later this week and is expected to be valued at $80.00 to $90000000000.00 Camille a domino ski n.p.r. News little futures prices move higher today or oil up $0.72 a barrel to close at 62 Twala Bell on The New York Mercantile Exchange I'm Jack Speer n.p.r. News in Washington. Support comes from n.p.r. Stations other contributors include I drive. For consumers and businesses to prevent. Remote access to computers anywhere. Com slash n.p.r. . Weather reports for the remainder of Wednesday. Night expect up to 3 inches of snow for the North Valley. In the mid twenty's. A mix of rain and snow turning to all snow around freezing tomorrow Thursday snow in the morning will turn into rain temperatures in the upper thirty's and. Now back to N.P.R.'s All Things Considered on your community. From n.p.r. News this is All Things Considered I'm Alpha Chang and I'm Ari Shapiro attorney general William Barr is one step closer to being held in contempt of Congress this afternoon the House Judiciary Committee voted to hold him in contempt because of his refusal to release an unheard acted version of Special Counsel Robert Muller's report the vote is a major escalation of a battle between President Donald Trump and the House Democrats investigating his administration Judiciary Committee chairman Jerry Nadler says this fight is about more than just one subpoena he says it's about the basic checks and balances laid out in the Constitution this is on precedent if allowed to go unchecked this obstruction means the end of congressional oversight n.p.r. Congressional reporter Kelsey Snell is following the story and joins us from Capitol Hill hi Kelsey Hi there Democrats say voting for contempt is a necessary step toward forcing bar to release the full report what do they hope a contempt resolution might achieve Well 1st of all they say that they negotiated with the Department of Justice extensively about the subpoena that they issued but that the Department of Justice simply made on reasonable request now they're said that some of the limitations the d.o.j. Was requesting included having him go and see the report but not be able to take his notes with him or not be able to discuss what he read with others on the committee and he basically said that that was too too burdensome they wouldn't allow the committee to have the kind of debate they need to have so they want to try to compel the Department of Justice to turn over the report and the supporting documents is partially political it's partially symbolic but it's also pretty high stakes Tennessee Democrat Steve Cohen said that he that Democrats are basically trying to fend off what they view as a potential constitutional crisis we're afraid of the loss of the rule of law we're afraid of the loss of the power of Congress to be an independent co-equal branch of government and we face that today if we don't stand out and that's a pretty strong statement was followed up by many more Democrats. That this is in fact a constitutional crisis and they say they need the report because it's part of the foundation of their a future investigations and they're more or less trying to use their entire toolbox to prevent the administration from getting in the way of their investigations but I'll say the Department of Justice responded after the vote in the committee to say that barges could not comply with the subpoena because he would be violating the law and court orders in order to keep it to meet that subpoena and they're saying that Democrats are threatening the independence of the department of prosecutorial functions the White House is responding forcefully just as the hearing was getting started press secretary Sara Sanders announced that Trump plans to assert executive privilege to keep documents from being turned over to Democrats what else is the White House doing yeah it's not just executive privilege as they're calling it protective executive privilege Sanders said that the White House had no choice she called now there is request quote blatant abuse of power and demos are really just angry with that explanation Trump says he was going to use this wasn't going to use the power and they say it's just unacceptable for him to change course now though I will say the White House did give themselves and out they could change their minds in the future but they haven't exactly signaled that they will so now the Democrats on the committee of voted to hold barn contempt what comes next the House is set to vote we don't know exactly when but we should find out sometime soon and the committee is still waiting for confirmation that Muller himself will testify or that John McCann the former White House counsel will testify and then maybe on to the courts that is N.P.R.'s Telsey Snell speaking with us from the Capitol thanks Kelsey thank you it has been a day of confrontation between the 2 ends of Pennsylvania Avenue the House Judiciary Committee wants the totally unproductive the report President Trump has asserted executive privilege over the redactions and all of that comes on the heels of the president also saying he does not plan to be cooperating with any congressional investigations going forward so can the president do all of this. To sort through that question we're joined now by John Yoo He was a deputy assistant attorney general under President George w. Bush and he thought on lot about the powers of the executive branch Welcome to the studio Oh it's great to be here so as an official in the Justice Department you were known for a pretty expansive view of executive power you were the one who wrote the now infamous torture memo which laid out why the executive branch could use enhanced interrogation techniques there is an interpretation of executive power that you support it's often called the unitary executive theory can you just briefly tell us what that is yes this is an idea that goes back to Alexander Hamilton and George Washington through to Abraham Lincoln to f.d.r. In our modern presidents the idea is that the Constitution when it grants the president the executive power it grants from a reservoir of executive power that's not specifically set out in the Constitution that allows him to act as a leader of the executive branch to enforce the laws and to defend the country in times of crisis and emergency Ok So with that theory in mind in your view can the president refuse to cooperate with Congress as he's threatening now Congress being the co-equal branch of government that is tasked with providing oversight Well you have a conflict as to direct constitutional duties Congress has the power of course to conduct oversight to see how the Justice Department's doing its job on the other hand as the head of the executive branch the president has the power executive privilege to have confidential discussions with his or her visors and to keep secret certain kinds of information that would harm the public if were actually released usually when those 2 interests come into conflict the 2 branches work it out the thing that's unusual about this incident about Trump and now Adler implosive is that they've already rushed to the constitutional battlefronts they are not engaging in compromise or accommodation They've already raised that ratcheted up escalated the fight usually takes like a year 1st to get to this point and they seem to be daring. Each other to push their powers to the furthest are right and let's assume that all the parties involved here continue not to work it out who wins this battle in your view constitutionally in the end Congress gets the information it wants because it has the power of the purse if they wanted to get this information all they got to do is say we're going to shut down the government again during President Trump's reelection year and maybe economic growth doesn't work out the way the president would like but it could take a long time maybe ultimately it goes to court if this does end up in court who should win that constitutional battle in your area so it was my personal scholarly view as opposed to predicting what the Course was going to I would think the president could withhold the information and the courts will say Congress has all kinds of tools to sort of pry it loose what it wants from the president but the courts are not going to side with either branch we're going to let them fight it out which usually means the president as American constitutional law can win but a matter of bottom line practical politics Congress usually gets the information in the end Well sounds like you're proposing a political solution to what's a constitutional fight you're sharing the same insight that the framers held they thought each branch would have these constitutional powers at their disposal congresses are funding oversight legislation and what we have to have an impeachment and they are supposed to use those tools to constantly fight the executive branch as it uses its own constitutional powers and the framers thought that constant grinding and fighting would produce what we all want which is the liberty for the American people and responsible government so the founders would have thought yes great use the funding power cut off funds the executive branch in order to pry loose the information even threaten impeachment if you need to to get the information those are all of been valid in the framers views rather than duking it out in court with arguments about the Constitution I think us a great point I think actually the framers would have been rather surprised to see all these issues go to the Supreme Court but we live in this era now where everyone wants the Supreme Court to settle these questions force they would have expected the president and Congress there with their phrases ambition was supposed to counteract ambition that's a direct quote from the federal state person and they wanted each branch to use those powers to constantly fight against each other and the result would be hopefully an accommodation that's good for the American people. Now even someone like you who has supported a wide view of executive power even you have written that you believe President Trump has transgressed the proper bounds of a 2nd if authority he has already in his term so far tell me why I don't think the president can say I refuse on behalf of the entire executive branch to provide any information to Congress of any kind of any nature of all subjects you know the president can preserve certain kinds of information executive privilege discussion just between him and his advisors grand jury information classified information but the report and the files underneath it have a lot of information that don't fall into those categories and by tradition and practice in constitutional law the presidents have traditionally recognize they have to hand over that information is part of Congress's job to conduct oversight when you look at how presidencies unfold you can see how every president's interpretation of executive power shapes the powers available to the next president so when you look at the way President Trump is responding to these challenges to his power how do you think this is ministration is shaping the executive branch for the next administration Well the one thing I worry about as a supporter of presidential power is that presidential power expands and contracts depending on the circumstances that it survives when it's used well because we really are in a crisis an emergency the thing that worries me about the trumpet ministration is that every day seems like a crisis every day you see the invocation of really the broads extents of presidential power which we only see at rare moments in our history of the actually trump is parsed 2nd only maybe to Lincoln in that Lincoln really but he had to because of the crisis of the Civil War you know we're not living through a civil war now and so I worry sometimes that by overextending presidential power at times that don't justify it you risk falling into becoming more like a Nixon rather than becoming like a Lincoln. You think President Trump is becoming more like an ex and it's more that I worry that if you keep invoking the powers all the time when the circumstances don't justify it that's what Nixon did that's what some other I think presidents who have failed have done you know it's time will tell we still have half way through his term so things might change but I think he could get his way without having to make these kinds of broad claims of presidential power particularly for example here with a report in the bus station John Yoo was deputy assistant attorney general under President Bush he now teaches law at u.c. Berkeley his recent article on the battle over the report is in the Atlantic thanks very much for coming into the studio today thanks. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. Thank. You Jamie it Shannon gave birth to the Kansas City sound but this song has gone down in history as a beginning of another sort you're on the sound. Swing Latism was sax master Charlie Parker's 1st recording made on April 30th 1941 no one's quite sure how Parker earned the nickname most stories seem to center around the shortening of Yardbird slang for chicken one such has him traveling to a gig with Mick shams band when their car strikes a bird Parker hops out brings the unfortunate foul with him and asks the border to cook it for him no word on whether this was a usual request for the time Parker would go on to revolutionize the instrument and the genre earning praise from critics the beach poets and fellow jazz greats Indeed Miles Davis once quipped that you could sum up jazz history in 4 words Louis Armstrong Charlie Parker. Will spare you the bird Twitter pun but if you're in the Twitter sphere follow us on the sound beat. Sound beat is produced of the bell for audio archive Syracuse University library I'm Bradbury. You know there are many great ways to support from volunteer opportunities to membership drives bingo and Soul Train parties we make it easy to get involved and strengthen your community radio station another opportunity to show your support for Katie u.t.s. To patronize businesses and organizations that underwrite our programming when you shop at a business that underwrites one k.b. You're helping your community in so many ways and when you go let them know that you appreciate their support thanks for lifting up your community and spreading the love. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute believing in the power of scientists to make basic science discoveries that change the world learn more at h h m i dot org from the Andrew w. Mellon foundation guided by the belief that the arts and humanities are essential to the well being of diverse and democratic societies learn more at Melun dot org And from the Arcus Foundation dedicated to the idea that people can live in harmony with one another and the natural world. This is All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I'm also Chang and I'm Ari Shapiro unlike many other countries the u.s. Does not have laws to charge extremists with domestic terrorism and this growing talk about whether that should change on Capitol Hill today the House Homeland Security Committee took up this topic and n.p.r. National security correspondent Greg Myre was watching Welcome to the studio Greg Thanks Ari I think some people might be surprised to hear that extremists are not charged with domestic terrorism why is that the case so federal law essentially defines terrorism as acting on behalf of a terrorist group and there's a list of about 60 Islamic state Al Qaida but there are all foreign groups mostly Islamist now the u.s. Government law enforcement even civil rights groups like the a.c.l.u. Have always been very reluctant for the u.s. To create a list of sort of domestic terrorism groups they point to free speech in the 1st Amendment and say this could be used to outlaw groups based on ideology you saw a white supremacist group going to spouse it's ideology but it can't act violently that's that's the key line but there's always lawmakers who are sort of questioning this an intraday at the committee hearing we have some some tape of a Democratic Congresswoman Yvette Clarke of New York speaking with the f.b.i. As Michael McGarrity who's explaining the powers that are broader in a little different when it comes to foreign terror groups because it gives you more than 2 drinks you just need Is it yours organization so we don't designate a white supremacist we're going to say she is a terrorist organization a white supremacist we're decision is in the ideology. Believe they're not but it's designated is a term is doing is we don't have designated terrorist organizations I'm not in cement. This hearing seems to show some interest in creating a domestic terrorism law how much of a push in Congress is there for this well we are hearing lots of talk both in Congress and outside it often comes in response to these high profile cases involving the far right more recently shootings at synagogues in churches we've seen and this all. He seems to reignite the debate why aren't we specifically calling this terrorism why aren't there terrorism related charges but it's really talk at this stage and not action in every time a committee member raised it to law enforcement would sort of nudge back here's Michael McCaul of Texas Republican speaking with Brad Wiegman of the Justice Department you know those are just curious what your thoughts would be on Congress enacts you need a domestic terrorism charge as igniting domestic groups as domestic terrorism organizations and taking out particular groups that he's a disagree with their views and so forth is going to be highly problematic Greg I'm thinking defining domestic terrorism has got to be challenging depending on how you count it how big a problem is this issue so the f.b.i. Said it's investigating 850 cases right now so this certainly gives you a sense of the extent of the problem and how the resources there are devoting to it but a key point these would not be prosecuted is is terrorism cases. A definition of dead domestic terrorism exists in the Patriot Act But in terms of actual killings and fatalities we're talking about 6 deadly attacks last year 17 people killed so the actual number of fatalities is low I know there's also debate about the role of social media and Congress is growing more critical of social media giants how is Congress responding on that front so the law enforcement folks said that they are seeing some changes here social media companies are reporting threats there they're kicking people off their sites they're more willing to meet with law enforcement and they're even hiring a lot of former law enforcement people to look into this so they say they are seeing a stronger response these days N.P.R.'s Greg Myre Thanks a lot Thanks Ari Iran announced today it would ramp up nuclear activities activities that it had suspended under a landmark agreement it reached with the u.s. And other countries in 2015. The news comes a year to the day after President Trump pulled the u.s. Out of the deal which he has described as one of the worst deals in history the fact is this was a horrible one sided deal that should have never ever been made join me now to discuss what Iran's announcement means is N.P.R.'s Geoff Brumfiel He covers science and security welcome Hi Ari What has Iran said it is going to do at this point well it's not pulling out of the deal it's made that clear what it said it's going to do is suspend participation in key parts of it specifically is going to start stockpiling some nuclear material like uranium above limits set by the deal and it's going to suspend some of its commitments around enriching uranium and a nuclear reactor it's building it's given 60 days for European nations and other partners to come up with some sort of economic benefits for it and if that happens it's going to reconsider Ok so just remind us again what is at the heart of this nuclear deal well this nuclear deal is about limiting Iran's access to nuclear materials do so in the run up to the deal Iran was enriching uranium using these machines called centrifuges and it got really really close to having the material it needed for a nuclear weapon within a matter of weeks it could have sort of sprinted ahead and made a bomb if it wanted to so the idea was to slow it down and to put safeguards in place like nuclear inspectors Richard Johnson was at the State Department overseeing the implementation of this deal he's now the Nuclear Threat Initiative and this is the way he sums it up the basic bargain was Iran restricts and rolled back its nuclear program under strict verification and the United States the European Union rolls back sanctions pressure and it worked Iran currently needs about a year to make a nuclear bomb if it decided it wanted to that was sort of the limit that the deal set. But that sanctions relief never really came through President Trump got elected he reimpose sanctions on oil which was really hard on Iran today they've imposed more sanctions on steel and other metals so Iran's feeling frustrated so it seemed like the deal was working why did President from think it was such a rotten deal basically it comes down to what wasn't in the deal so things like ballistic missiles that Iran's developing its behavior throughout the region you know the Revolutionary Guards activities in places like Yemen Hezbollah stuff like that Ok so if Iran starts ramping up some of its nuclear activities as it's threatening to do what kind of arsenal are we potentially looking at well we're not looking at a thing just yet I mean Iran has said its nuclear program is peaceful it isn't you know trying to make a bomb but what this is about is kind of narrowing that window back down so that if it decided it wanted to go to a bomb it could presumably it will stay a year no start to slide back to months and then maybe weeks again but anything that happens we're going to know because there are international inspectors on the ground in Iran they even have remote monitoring set up in the facilities that Iran uses to enrich uranium so they know right away if something is going on so I think that you know we're looking at a short inning of that timeline that's the real concern here is it fair to say then that the Iran nuclear deal is basically dead now or could it be salvaged No it's definitely not dead we have to see what the other partners in the deal the European Union China and Russia decide to do if they can offer anything to Iran of course it's a very tough situation for them because any companies that do business with Iran could face sanctions from the United States right this point and we have to see what happens in Iran there's some people who may want to wait this investigation out see what happens after the election in 2020 but they're definitely other hard line. Honors who feel that they've already given up too much that's N.P.R.'s Geoff Brumfiel Thanks Jeff thank you. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News support for k.b. T. Is provided by Rochambeau marketing in creative you can find them in Gunnison at 144 North Main Street to learn more about their creative services schedule a marketing catch session. The little design studio with big ideas and by the Gunnison Valley housing Foundation working with organizations in Gunnison County to provide affordable housing for our communities for our families for our workforce Gunnison Valley housing Foundation dot org. Lead. It's All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I'm not saying I'm Ari Shapiro Coming up how Tom Petty wrote an anthem that speaks to resilience he once worried the composition was too simple that it was maybe just too direct experience and clearing anything down behind here. And. Now the news. Live from n.p.r. News in Culver City California I'm to Wayne Brown in Oregon tens of thousands of teachers held a statewide walkout today as Brian Bull of member station k.l. C.c. Tells us educators are demanding more funding for schools hundreds of teachers swarm downtown you're Jane decrying overcrowded classrooms and lack of support for the Arts in p. E. Courses many are calling for organ lawmakers to pass legislation that would increase funding by 18 percent high school teacher Jennifer Sarawak's says the shortage of resources for the mental and emotional needs of students is also dire we do not have enough counselors we do not have enough mental support specialist even having a nurse on staff our nurses shared amongst multiple schools the organ one day strike follows major teacher walkouts and other parts of the u.s. Including West Virginia and Los Angeles the protests have had varying degrees of success for n.p.r. News I'm Brian Bull in Eugene Oregon many of those television ads for prescription drugs will soon be required to carry the drugs the list price as well the Trump administration is finalized regulations that will require drug companies to disclose the prices of medications costing more than $35.00 for a month's supply Health and Human Services secretary Aleksei as our calls a transparency for patients if a drug company is afraid that their prices are so excessive and of course that they will scare patients away from using their drugs well they ought to look inside themselves and think about whether they should be lowering their prices if pharmaceutical industry argues the list price is confusing because it's not what most people pay the new ad rule goes into effect this summer the world's largest retailer says it will raise the minimum age to purchase tobacco products and cigarettes to $21.00 Wal-Mart says new rules take effect in July and also include at Sam's Club warehouse stores on Wall Street stocks finished mixed today this is n.p.r. . Sector state might Pompei all press the United Kingdom today to work closely with the u.s. To face the challenge of an increasingly powerful China N.P.R.'s Frank Langfitt has this update from London the U.K.'s decision to print wall way the Chinese telecom giant to work on part of the country's 5 g. Network has raised a curate he concerns in the us which shares sensitive intelligence with Britain speaking bluntly pump a win vote the memory of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who worked with President Reagan to counter the Soviet Union in the 1980 s. With the Iron Lady Be silent when China ballet to the sovereignty of nations through corruption and coersion would she have welcomed the Belton road initiative without demanding absolute transparency and the highest standards which you are trying to control the Internet of the future to emphasize the importance of the special relationship between the u.k. And the u.s. a Phrase popularized by Winston Churchill to describe the nation's especially close ties Frank Langfitt n.p.r. News London Britain and Ireland signed a deal today allowing their citizens to live and work freely in both countries after Breck's it their government say they will continue the nearly century old common travel area no matter what the terms of Britain's departure from the European Union the agreement means citizens from the u.k. And Ireland can also study receive healthcare and vote in either country stocks finished next on Wall Street today as gains in industrial companies offset losses elsewhere you're listening to n.p.r. News. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from Linda mood Bell learning centers working to help all students reach their potential for learning summer programs are available to improve reading comprehension and math learn more at Lynda mood Bell dot com From At last a collaboration software company powering teams around the world committed to providing the tools and practices to help teams plan track build and work better together more at last in dot com and from Americans for the Arts. From n.p.r. News this is All Things Considered I'm not that Chang and I'm Ari Shapiro the Senate Intelligence Committee has issued a subpoena to the president's son Donald Trump Jr This is the 1st time a member of the Trump family has been subpoenaed in the congressional investigations of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election and political reporter to Mack is here in the studio Hi Tim So why is the Senate Intelligence Committee interested in speaking with Donald Trump Jr Now also not only are they interested in speaking with him they're interested in speaking with him again this isn't the 1st time he's been asked to talk to them he testified in December 27th team before the committee and at that point he downplayed his knowledge of any proposed Trump Tower project in Russia but what we learned in the time since is that former Trump confidant Michael Cohen has testified in open session that he repeatedly briefed Trump Jr on a project in Russia so they want to bring him back in and see whether there's an explanation for this so the 1st testimony was voluntary they've now issued a subpoena but this comes the same week that the top Republican in the Senate Mitch McConnell said it is time to move on from the investigation into Russian interference in the election so why is this committee led by Republicans issuing the subpoena So Mitch McConnell's argument is essentially hey the Moeller investigation is over so we should move on from the issue but what's interesting is the Senate Intelligence Committee's own investigation into Russian interference of the $26000.00 election they haven't finished and it's pretty obvious by the fact they're still issuing a subpoena even today the committee's chairman Senator Richard Burr he said he's not commenting he said publicly in the past he hasn't seen evidence of collusion and he's generally agreed with the president but his investigation and its final report is still to be finished and a spokesperson for the committee told n.p.r. That they generally don't discuss subpoenas or who might be before the committee but they have. Really reserved the right to recall witnesses for additional testimony as they require what is Donald Trump Jr's camp saying about this nothing we've reached out for comment and they haven't responded yet I'm sure they will in coming days we have seen the White House fight other subpoenas for other documents and testimony do you expect that ultimately we will see Donald Trump Jr testify before this committee I be surprised to see it I think that that the Trump White House has indicated that it's going to fight a lot of congressional demands Now usually this is been congressional demands from Democratic controlled committees on the House side what makes this so unusual is this is a Republican demand or at least a demand from a Republican led committee on the Senate side they'll probably try to resist this demand just like they've resisted others that's n.p.r. Political reporter to Max thanks so much Jim thanks a lot. With a record breaking news ols outbreak around the country many states are considering new laws to force parents to vaccinate their children these laws would get rid of exemptions for personal belief now we're going to look at one of the 1st states to pass such a law California and joining us to walk through the story of what happened is one of the people who helped lead that effort state senator Richard Pan is a Democrat and also a pediatrician Dr Pan welcome to All Things Considered thank you very much Ok so let's think back to early 2015 when there was word of a measles outbreak at Disneyland parents are worried a mother named Robin she spoke to c.b.s. At the time coming down here and not knowing what they can get even at the Happiest Place on Earth pretty scary Dr Pan You were both a state senator and a pediatrician at the time when you heard of this outbreak what was your immediate response Well we're really concerned that well how far is it going to go and what we saw was that as the outbreak spread it wasn't just people who were at Disneyland it was people who got infected Disneyland and then spread it to other. People in their community when they returned home and then we knew we needed to do something to address the low rates of vaccination and communities in California in that outbreak about 150 people got sick with measles was it immediately clear to you that legislation was an appropriate response when we saw that people were getting infected from people who were at Disneyland we knew that we need to take further steps to protect the people of California and I heard from parents who said what is going on we need to be safe in our communities I have a baby it's too young to get immunized I have a child who is being treated for cancer has a transplant they need to be protected they're looking at their schools immunization rates and going well it's not high enough for that protection we need to do something about it when people saw in the news if you rode the public transit you might be exposed to missiles a clinic is closed because of measles a daycare is closed because of measles people said we need to do something about this but there was also pushback from other parents who said this bill is limiting their freedom Here's some of the voices of people who spoke out against the bill at public hearings these are my 2 children that will be pulled out of the public school system if this bill tell us it sure and the other 2 in the file ation of our rights and we oppose this strongly oppose this bill is a violation of informed consent to have about 5 healthy grandchildren I pose this bill to save 4000 moms and we strongly oppose this bill some of the people opposing the bill were your own constituents to that give you pause Well the science is clear vaccines work and they're safe we know for example that vaccines do not cause autism that is settled science that's been studied over and over again we know that vaccinations protect communities so this really was an issue around school safety it's an issue about keeping our community safe because there are people among us including young infants too young to be the x. Needed who depend on the protection on the rest of us so we need to base our policy on sound science and what the evidence showed which is that vaccines are necessary to protect our to. Munity you also encountered opposition from some of your fellow senators let's listen to the voices here of state senators Joel Anderson and Bob Hough both Republicans I think this is just a contract attack on our liberty and a violation of our print all rights I still can't support it we are prescribing a very strong government and in trying to enforce this by mandating that all children in public schools be vaccinated I think it's an overreach of government and I still as you know vote Senator panted you have to work to overcome that opposition or was this just a matter of Democrats having enough votes in the state Senate actually the bill passed on a bipartisan basis and bipartisan opposition and really when we think about freedom and rights all children have the right to attend school to be safe at school that includes children who cannot be vaccinated so for example had a mother who had a child who had a heart transplant because she had a congenital heart condition and her child was actually kept out of school because another child in school had a family member who had chicken pox and chicken pox would put her in the i.c.u. Her child in the i.c.u. Or potentially kill her what about that child's right to an education what's the child's right to be with her classmates after you succeeded in getting this bill passed on the governor signed it into law vaccination rates in California went up but to this day there are still public schools in the state where the majority of kindergartners are not vaccinated how is that possible Well unfortunately there are very small number of physicians who saw this is an opportunity to monetize their license and they begin advertising for medical exemptions and so you see schools with rates of medical exemptions sometimes as high as 50 percent and that clearly is not possible and I understand now working on a bill to close that loophole exactly we're working on a bill to close that loophole that's actually sponsored by the Medical Association an American cat Pediatrics So it's strongly supported by the physician community Dr Richard Pam a state senator from California thanks for speaking with us today thank you so very much. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. For the 1st time scientists have used genetically modified viruses to treat a patient fighting a life threatening superbug infection n.p.r. Health correspondent Rob Stein has the story Isabelle Carnell Holdaway was born with a lung disease called cystic fibrosis when she was 15 a nasty infection started spreading through her body after she got a double lung transplant in London nothing could help her not antibiotics nothing her mom Joanne says the doctors told her there was no hope we were devastated. You know we could well be burying all the child was just. Anyone as a child and never expects to have to bury them and you know. But then Isabel's doctors decided to try something out of the box viruses called phage is their natural enemies of bacteria so the doctors found gram hatful He's an expert on phases at the University of Pittsburgh using genetic approaches with genome engineering were able to assemble this collection of 3 phases that we could then combine. To use the treatment. But kill officially People have been treated with ages before with mixed results but no one had ever tried infusing genetically modified features into someone's body it's kind of a scary thing to go in and administer it like this for which we are a completely new ground we don't know what to expect Isabel's doctor started infusing about a 1000000000 features into our body twice a day and held their breath there's lots of things to worry about and so the very 1st thing was you know does something does anything but nothing did in fact Isabelle started to recover she got stronger and stronger and Isabelle who's now 17 is living in almost completely normal life heading driving lessons. I'm doing my own. School. Cakes full. Guide names. Normally staff now doctors aren't sure exactly how the features might have worked and Isabelle is in cured she still needs to get phage infusions every day but the infection appears at least to be under control I think it fair ageing. Kinder shows. Can fit on a limb it. So they can come up with 3 her mom agrees for them to be able to just have a little fiddle around with these phase she's. Doing really when you think about it Stephanie strategy studies phages at the University of California San Diego this is actually a historic moment for huge therapy seems to be the most promising alternative to antibiotics that's on the scene and this is the 1st time that a genetically engineered phage has been used to successfully treat us superbug infection in a human being so strategy and has full hope this is just the beginning what can we do for example to extend this to other types of diseases the most obvious one is the but the most is which is caused by a related bacterium and that causes a lot of disease deaths across the world each year and there is very prevalent drug resistant strains that are very hard to treat Now this is just one case and a lot more research is needed to see how wealthy including genetically engineered phage is really work and if they're safe but with super bugs on the rise in antibiotics losing their power researchers hope faith is could help save more lives Rob Stein n.p.r. News. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. Utility scale solar on the rise I'm Randy Simon and this is Earth wise a look at our changing environment. According to research from the Goldman Sachs utility scale solar power capacities expected to grow by double digits globally over the next 2 years the growth will be driven by expanding use of the technology in the United States Europe the Middle East and China solar power as the world's fastest growing source of electricity generation and is slowly taking market share from fossil fuels like coal and natural gas the transition is being driven by a combination of continuously lower prices for solar power and the impact of policies aimed at reducing emissions utility scale solar is defined as installations designed solely to feed electricity into the grid in contrast to smaller scale residential or commercial building units there are now solar farms larger than half a gigawatt in generating capacity according to the Goldman report Global utility scale solar installations will reach $108.00 gigawatts in 2019 up 12 percent over the previous year and will then grow another 10 percent to 119 gigawatts in 2020 when residential and other smaller installations are included Most analysts expect global solar power capacity to soon hit 600 gigawatts to put this in perspective the global capacity only reached $100.00 gigawatts in 2012 and was actually less than 10 gigawatts in 2007 even more dramatic than the growth of solar installations is the reduction in solar cost and the $2.00 are obviously closely related solar panel costs have dropped from around $70.00 per watt of electricity generated in 1980 to $0.36 per watt currently in the United States when favorable policies both from governments and related to corporate sustainability targets are added to the mix the booming growth in solar power is easy to understand why is a production of w.m.c. Northeast Public Radio. This is All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I'm Ari Shapiro and I know there are songs that grab you from the very 1st note. This slide guitar riff sets up a song his power comes from its simplicity. The. I won't back down by the late Tom Petty has served as an anthem of defiance for striking workers an anthem of grit for political candidates and for many it's a deeply personal anthem of result Here's N.P.R.'s Melissa Block with the latest in our series American anthem about the songs that inspire and unite us. The lyrics that speak to resilience empowerment and hope are as simple as they come and Tom Petty worried about that at 1st worried the song was too simple Here he is speaking on w.h.y. Wise fresh air in 2006 I thought that it was maybe just too direct you know I thought well there's there isn't really anything to hide behind here it's it's very bold and very blunt there's not a lot of metaphor or any you know anywhere to go but he said of all his many hit songs this one ended up having the most direct impact people would come up to him on the street or in restaurants all the time and tell him how this song gave them the strength to carry on he heard so many stories says his widow Dana petty He told me that he heard or read somewhere that it brought a girl out of a coma was her favorite song and they played it and she came out of a coma which blew his mind Patti recorded I won't back down a few years after an arsonist burned down his house his family survived but he lost everything and in the fresh air interview he said that horrific experience probably did filter into the song because I felt really elated that they did get me you know like I kind of just that was the thought I was going to my hand as well and you bastard you didn't give me you know I. I survived. Through. That. I won't back down was released in 1989 on Teddy's solo album Full Moon fever as his lifelong bandmates guitarist Mike Campbell tells it the song came together of super fast in just a few hours coming up with the lyrics Campbell says that was pretty strong. Forward It's like law I won't back down you know I can look like me then you know stand my ground I think I suggested at one point pushing me around and Tom looked at me like I was just going to say that. George Harrison stopped by that day and played guitar on the track and Dana Petty says it was Harrison who came up with this line there ain't no easy way out Tom had something like I'm standing at the edge of the world or something and George was like that's terrible. George periods words right and thank God because there is no easy way out is a much better line so thank you George Harrison wherever you are there with Tommy As for what makes the song an anthem Mike Campbell says it's not just the lyrics listen for what happens as verse turns to chorus and the mood of the chords switches from minor to major key he's standing up at the gates of hell to all kind of spooky and minor and then. Back down goes up to the major relative Corps as less as an old musical trick to lift things up and it works. Most people asked me what was time really like and that's him he didn't back down he stood up to the man it's a record company he stood up to the promoters he stood up to the band he stepped everybody nobody told them what to do and so it was fitting that in 2001 just days after the terrorist attacks of 911 petty chose I won't back down to play the televised benefit concert for victims and families this version subdued and somber . And others have turned to the. Song is a way to bind the country together in dark times in $2171.00 week after the mass shooting at a Country Music Festival in Las Vegas singer Jason l. Dean who was on stage when the assault started opened Saturday Night Live With these words we're going to walk through these tough times together every step of the way and then. It was a 1st public performance since the massacre and it came just days after Tom Petty died of an accidental drug overdose at age 66. This stark acoustic version of the song from Johnny Cash tells its own story. In the documentary film Runnin Down a Dream Tom Petty said the Johnny Cash version is so deep and dark which. He's. Like it was written Cash recorded the song a few years before he died and the gravity and weight of years that he brought to it add a whole new dimension. To her and. Produced that Johnny Cash album there's something magical about the way Johnny sings and the familiarity of the song gets amplified hearing Johnny's version there's a trueness Johnny's version that's thrilling to hear believability. You know when. This song says and the idea of standing up for what you believe in definitely mc absolutely absolutely it's an anthem and it's a timeless idea and maybe that's the truest mark of an anthem a song. Someone can take and make completely their own anyone severs sang that came out of a really dark place and to a brighter on it gave them strength that's Tom Petty's daughter Anna Kim Violet her older sister Adrian Petit says audiences would respond to the song with a huge surge of energy she remembers being out high above the crowd in London's Hyde Park on her father's final tour listening to tens of thousands of fans join in singing I won't back down. You could just feel the sonic vibration of the entire place live. That's what I think of the most with this song has died it belongs to everyone. They can. Raise their voices together with that's the part of the day it's me. It's like a mantra Adrian says something so simple you can really hold on to it. Melissa Block n.p.r. News. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from creative planning an independent wealth management firm whose advisors are fiduciaries legally bound to act in their client's best interests more of creative planning dot com slash n.p.r. Wealth management redefined from Fidelity Investments taking a personalized approach to helping clients grow preserve and manage their wealth learn more at fidelity dot com slash wealth fidelity brokerage services Elsie. And from constant contact who's marketing advisors work directly with small businesses for monthly marketing guidance personalized support and email campaign optimization learn more at constant contact dot com You're listening to community radio 90.3 Crested Butte and 88.7. From the t.v. Studios in Crested Butte Christopher battle the contract between the county sheriff's office and the Mt Christie Butte police department has been finalised at last night's meeting of the Mt Crested Butte town council a unanimous vote solidified a deal that has the county paying for the Mt Crestview police department to patrol all unincorporated portions of the North Valley Sheriff John Gallo which told the council that his next step is to assess the possibility of his office building a substation in the north Gunness and valley I need to establish whether or not it is feasible to have a substitution. For. Couple of years or even if we should establish a long term agreement persecute. Something similar. In years past this contract ends January 1st 2020 when pressed as to why the contract wasn't longer sheriff Gallo which he was sworn into office in January said that he was working within the confines of a budget that would have had the sheriff's office takeover patrol of the North Valley a proposal initiated by his predecessor and supported by his opponent in the last election Gallois ran in opposition to that idea and won with 75 percent of the vote he estimated very roughly that if the sheriff's office were to build a substation in North Valley it wouldn't be for another 8 or so years at the same meeting of the council Michael because he was sworn in as their newest member. In the. Do you really want to do these a. Number of ways of doing this. Thing in. The county was voted in at the April 16th meeting in which Janet farmer assumed the role of mayor former mayor Todd Barnes who resigned in late March was honored for his service to the town with a declaration last night the legislative session may be over but there are still political battles happening inside the Capitol kid the u t's Scott Franz has more the battle is over the post session spent at an end of session celebration Democratic House speaker Casey Becker touted the passage of new oil and gas regulations and a plan to address climate change despite unprecedented obstructionism from the other side of the aisle we are able to deliver results for hardworking families in every corner of the state but Republicans are suggesting Democrats overreached Senate minority leader Chris Holbert says some residents are offended by some of the bills Democrats passed including the oil and gas measure changing the lives for the better I certainly don't feel that way I think most Republicans don't feel that way so the question is how do the young affiliated voters how to moderate voters in Colorado view the Democrat agenda and they can ponder that question until the next the legislative session begins on January 8th I'm Scott Frons at the state capitol the group Rocky Mountain gun owners is suing to invalidate a new law that allows courts to remove guns from people deemed to be dangerous they claim Democratic lawmakers failed to follow the rules when they approved it doubly Brown heads the Rocky Mountain gun owners in this case the Democrats didn't see that they were violating the Constitution to pass a bill to violate the Constitution and now we're going to see it Brown and others say House Democrats didn't fulfill a Republican request to read the bill out loud in a full earlier this year a judge. Old legislative leaders have to honor those requests Democrats call r m g O's lawsuit quote frivolous for t.v. Eugene news your daily source for news stories here in the Gunnison Valley I'm Christopher. Thank. You. New York this is Democracy Now. You don't do it though all how you know I got elected let's start with the same issue. While I'm under orders I won't do it if I'm not under orders I won't do it I have no problem with this but while I'm under orders I would not give my dad to the New York Times reports trumps taxes for a decade in the eighty's and ninety's show he lost more than a $1000000000.00 more than any u.s. Taxpayer will speak with Pulitzer Prize winning investigative reporter David Cay Johnston then super majority women are the majority of Americans we are the majority over here we are in the majority of grassroots volunteers and government should look like because one of us. Can be ignored together we are the majority we are a super majority and we are on the stump little one Delaware former Planned Parenthood chief Cecile Richards says gone she started a new political action group called super majority but I joined a domestic workers united and black lives matters Ilesha Garza then the Equal Rights Amendment 36 years later. United States Constitution girl the oldest written constant.