It becomes hard to imagine that our dome exists at all. This is the level that we go outside. Pelley wow, what a beautiful view. Tonight, youre going to see it like youve never seen it before. Simon this is called lung packing, and William Trubridge is doing it to attempt something known as a free dive going down more than 400 feet, longer than a football field, on a single breath. He carries no weights, but hell go down quickly. At 70 feet, hell lose buoyancy and will be pulled by gravity alone. Medical scholars say the sport is revealing human capabilities that are making them rewrite textbooks on human physiology. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im bob simon. Im charlie rose. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Good evening, National Retail federation says 141 Million People went shopping this hold day Weekend Spending 57 billion. That is more shoppers than last year but less money spent. Thanksgiving day store traffic was the big winner, up 27 . Im jeff glor, cbs news. What you wear to bed is your business. So, if youre sleeping in your contact lenses, ask about the air optix® contacts so breathable theyre approved for up to 30 nights of continuous wear. Serious eye problems may occur. Ask your doctor and visit airoptix. Com for Safety Information and a free onemonth trial. This kenmore elite dueluggle temperature double oven, . Exclusively from sears, can help. Impressive and so is kenmore elite ranking highest in customer satisfaction. This is sears. Okay, who helps you focus on your recovery . Yo, yo, yo. Aflac. Wow. [ under his breath ] that was horrible. Pays you cash when youre sick or hurt . [ japanese accent ] aflac. Love it. [ under his breath ] hate it. Helps you focus on getting back to normal . [ as a Southern Belle ] aflac. [ as a cowboy ] aflac. [ sassily ] aflac. Uh huh. [ under his breath ] i am so fired. Youre on in 5, duck. [ male announcer ] when youre sick or hurt, aflac pays you cash. Find out more at aflac. Com. [ male announcer ] when youre sick or hurt, aflac pays you cash. On the table by not choosing the right medicare d plan. No one could have left this much money here. Whoohoohoo yet many seniors who compare medicare d plans realize they can save hundreds of dollars. Cvs pharmacy wants to help you save on medicare expenses. Talk to your cvs pharmacist, call, or go to cvs. Com compare to get your free, personalized plan comparison today. Call, go online, or visit your local store today. Rose there has never been a company quite like amazon. Conceived as an online book seller, amazon has reinvented itself time and again, changing the way the world shops, reads and computes. Amazon has 225 million customers around the world. Its goal is to sell everything to everyone. The brainchild of jeff bezos, amazon prides itself on disrupting the traditional way of doing things. A few weeks ago, the Company Announced it was launching sunday delivery. Tonight, for the first time, you will be introduced to perhaps amazons boldest venture ever. Over the last month, 60 minutes was granted unprecedented access inside amazons operations. If you have ever wondered what happens after youve clicked and placed an order on amazon, take a look. If there is such a thing as santas workshop, this would be it a 1. 2 million square foot distribution center, the size of more than 20 football fields, gearing up for the Holiday Shopping season. There are 96 of these warehouses worldwide, what amazon calls Fulfillment Centers. Tomorrow, on what is known as cyber monday, its expected that more than 300 items a second will be ordered on amazon. Jeff bezos if you go back in time 18 years, i was driving the packages to the post office myself and we were very primitive. Rose jeff bezos is the founder and c. E. O. Of amazon, with an estimated worth of at least 25 billion. He sold his first book on amazon in another era, back in 1995. Part of what amazon customers expect we want it now. Whats happening at the Fulfillment Centers that have made that possible . Bezos the secret is were on, like, our seventh generation of Fulfillment Centers, and we have gotten better every time. When i was driving the packages myself, one of my visualizations of success is that we might one day be big enough that we could afford a forklift and. laughs rose youve got a forklift. Bezos . Weve got forklifts. Rose theres very little amazon doesnt have. Dave clark right now, were really in the center of what is the physical manifestation of earths biggest selection. Rose amazon Vice President dave clark showed us how the process begins. After the products arrive into the building, they are immediately scanned. The products are then placed by stackers in what seems to outsiders as a haphazard way, a book on buddhism and zen resting next to mrs. Potato head. Heres what i want to know this is a swiffer. Clark it is a swiffer. Rose its sitting next to the encyclopedia of world history. Clark of course. Rose that doesnt make any sense to me. Does it make sense to you . Clark it. It does. Rose what . clark can those two things. You look at how these items fit in the bin. Rose yeah. Oh clark theyre optimized for utilizing the available space. Rose oh, i see. Clark and we have computers and algorithmic work that tells people the areas of the building that have the most space to put product in thats coming in at that time. Rose amazon has become so efficient with its stacking, it can now store twice as many goods in its centers as it did five years ago. Clark anything you want on. On earth, youre going to get from us. Rose anything you want on earth, youre going to get from us . Clark yeah, thats where were headed, i believe. Rose once your order is placed, a socalled pick ambassador walks the aisles, plucking and scanning your items before placing them in bins. Those bins eventually wind up in front of a packer, who knows exactly how big of a box to use based on the weight and amount of items. Your address is slapped onto the box, and then a picture is taken of your address label. Gadgets known as shoes sort and divert the boxes to the appropriate spiral chute, based on the postal code. This accelerates the delivery process. The boxes are then loaded onto awaiting trucks, which are assigned to particular regions raleigh, north carolina, in this case. Amazon uses more trucks than planes because so many Distribution Centers have been built near customers. If you can do this with all these products, what else can you do . You guys can organize the world . Clark well, youve got to start somewhere. Rose but the company has also started sameday deliveries of groceries in two cities milk, vegetables and dry goods, to name a few items. Amazon fresh began in seattle, and only after five years has it expanded to los angeles. Thank you for your order. Rose what is it youre trying to learn thats taken you five years to learn . Bezos how to make it make financial sense. You know, whats not to love . You order the groceries online and we deliver them to your door. laughter but thats very expensive. Rose but is this the holy grail for amazon, i can deliver it on the same day . Bezos its a possibility. If we can make this model work, it would be great because it extends the range of products that we can sell. Rose amazon is now flowing into other areas far removed from its original mission as an online book seller. Amazon fashion, launched this fall, sells highend clothing. Tell me, what is amazon today . Bezos i would define amazon by our big ideas, which are customer centricity putting the customer at the center of everything we do; invention we like to pioneer, we like to explore, we like to go down dark alleys and see whats on the other side. Rose on the other side of amazons Online Retailing is a business customers know little about. Its called Amazon Web Services a. W. S. And may soon become amazons biggest business. To keep track of its massive online orders, amazon built a large and sophisticated computing infrastructure. Amazon figured out it could also expand that infrastructure to store data and run web sites for hundreds of thousands of companies and Government Agencies on what is known as the cloud. How much of the internet do you run . Bezos its a good question. Its a lot, though. Rose well, whats a lot . Whats the neighborhood . Bezos i could tell you this. Most internet startups and a lot of Big Internet Companies run on top of a. W. S. Netflix, very famously. And you could say, oh, thats very odd because netflix, in a way, is a competitor of amazon. Rose other than netflix, who else uses a. W. S. . Bezos oh, big enterprises, Big Government institutions. Rose like the cia . Bezos the cia. Rose does that present any conflict for you, the fact that you provide the cloud that the cia uses for its data . Bezos i dont think so. Were building whats called a private cloud for them, charlie, because they dont want to be on the public cloud. Rose but the Company Continues to branch out in areas the public can see and touch. People read books the same way for centuries until amazon introduced the kindle ereader, and amazon has just released its kindle fire hdx tablet in typical amazon style, without making a profit on the device. So you sell this at breakeven . Bezos we sell this at break even and then we hope to. Rose thats a very thin margin. Bezos its a very thin margin. But we hope to make money when you. Rose sell all the stuff. Bezos . Buy books and movies. Rose thats always been your philosophy. Bezos exactly. Rose bezos believes low costs ensure Customer Loyalty to amazon, even if its at the expense of profits. Amazon is one of the rare companies that, on a quarterly basis, shows little profit, and yet is beloved by investors. Bezos in the long run, if you take care of customers, that is taking care of shareholders. We do price elasticity studies, and every time, the math tells us to raise prices. Rose but why dont you do it . Bezos because doing so would erode trust. And that erosion of trust would cost us much more in the long term. Rose that long view, bezos believes, gives amazon a distinct edge. Bezos that longterm approach is rare enough that it means youre not competing against very many companies, because most Companies Want to see a return on investment in, you know, one, two, three years. Rose you dont care about that . Bezos i care, but im willing for it to be five, six, seven years. So just that change in timeline can be a very big competitive advantage. Rose for example, amazons profits are redirected to building more Distribution Centers, like this one in new jersey. The more centers it constructs, the closer the customer and the faster the delivery. And every time a new center goes up, publishers and traditional retailers shudder. A lot of small Book Publishers and other Smaller Companies worry that the power of amazon gives them no chance. Bezos you got to earn your keep in this world. When you invent something new, if customers come to the party, its disruptive to the old way. Rose yeah, but i mean, there are areas where your powers so great and your margin, youre prepared to make it so thin that you can drive people out of business, and you have that kind of strength. And people worry, is amazon ruthless in their pursuit of market share . Bezos the internet is disrupting every media industry, charlie, you know. People can complain about that, but complaining is not a strategy. Amazon is not happening to book selling; the future is happening to book selling. Alpha house. Rose amazon is also pouring money into original Television Programming that can be streamed to amazon customers, like its first series, alpha house. A comedy written by doonesbury creator Garry Trudeau about four republican senators who live in the same townhouse. Amazon didnt select the show the conventional hollywood way. Alpha house was picked out of thousands of scripts with the help of amazon customers who reviewed the shows. You are using your Customer Base to tell you rather than the opinion of some. Bezos thats exactly right. Rose . Hollywood programmer . Bezos were changing the green lighting process. Instead of a few studio executives deciding what gets green lighted. Rose socalled taste makers . Bezos yes were using what some people would call crowd sourcing to help figure that out. Rose what other industry will amazon disrupt . At amazons secret lab 126 in california, designers and engineers are experimenting on next generation devices, the contents of which are eagerly speculated about. Are you working on a settop box that will allow people to watch streaming video and not need to have Cable Television . Bezos i cant answer that question. laughs i dont want to talk about the future roadmap of our devices, so ill have to just ask you to stay tuned. Rose soon . Bezos charlie rose but during our visit to amazons campus in seattle, bezos kept telling us that he did have a big surprise, something he wanted to unveil for the first time. Bezos let me show you something. Rose oh, man. Oh, my god bezos this. Rose this is . Bezos . Is. These are octocopters. Rose yeah . Bezos these are effectively drones, but theres no reason that they cant be used as delivery vehicles. Take a look up here so i can show you how it works. Rose all right. Were talking about delivery here . Bezos were talking about delivery. So theres an item going into the vehicle. I know this looks like science fiction. Its not. Rose wow bezos this is early. This is still years away. It drops the package. Rose and theres the package. Bezos you come and get your package. And we can do halfhour delivery. Rose halfhour delivery . Bezos halfhour delivery, and we can carry objects, we think, up to five pounds, which covers 86 of the items that we deliver. Rose and what is the range between the Fulfillment Center and where you can do this within 30 minutes. Bezos these generations of vehicles, it could be a tenmile radius from a Fulfillment Center. So, in urban areas, you could actually cover very significant portions of the population. And so, it wont work for everything; you know, were not going to deliver kayaks or table saws this way. These are electric motors, so this is all electric. Its very green, its better than driving trucks around. This is all an r d project. Rose with drones, theres somebody sitting somewhere in front of a screen. Bezos not these; these are autonomous. So you give them instructions of which gps coordinates to go to, and they take off and they fly to those gps coordinates. Rose whats the hardest challenge in making this happen . Bezos the hard part here is putting in all the redundancy, all the reliability, all the systems you need to say, look, this thing cant land on somebodys head while theyre Walking Around their neighborhood. Rose yeah, thats not good. Bezos thats not good. Bezos and, you know, i dont want anybody to think this is just around the corner. This is years of additional work from this point, but this is. Rose but will years mean five, ten . Bezos im an optimist, charlie. I know it cant be before 2015, because thats the earliest we could get the rules from the f. A. A. My guess is thats. Thats probably a little optimistic. But could it be, you know, four, five years . I think so. It will work, and it will happen, and its going to be a lot of fun. Rose with the drones possibly taking flight in the not too distant future, amazon is raising the stakes in the race for faster delivery. Jeff bezos believes the company has no choice. Bezos companies have short life spans, charlie, and amazon will be disrupted one day. Rose and you worry about that . Bezos i dont worry about it because i know its inevitable. Companies come and go. And the companies that are, you know, the shiniest and most important of any era, you wait a few decades and theyre gone. Rose and your job is to make sure that you delay that date . Bezos i would love for it to be after im dead. laughs intrigued by the thought of amazon drones landing at your doorstep . Go to 60 to see more you really love, what would you do . [ woman ] id be a writer. [ man ] id be a baker. [ woman ] i wanna be a pie maker. [ man ] i wanna be a pilot. [ woman ] id be an architect. What if i told you someone could pay you and what if that person were you . When you think about it, isnt that what retirement should be, paying ourselves to do what we love . Straight talk wireless usesne the same cell towers they do. Paying ourselves to do what we love . But we dont build or maintain them. So we can offer you the same great, nationwide coverage for half the cost. Out here, and here, and here. Well, not here. That would be weird. The world needs more straight talk. Same phones. Same networks. Half the cost. Get a Samsung Galaxy s3. Unlimited everything just 45 a month. Only at walmart. [ female announcer ] we eased your back pain. Ready or not. [ female announcer ]. So you can be up there. Here i come [ female announcer ]. Down there, around there. And under there for him. Tylenol® provides strong pain relief and wont irritate your stomach the way aleve® or even advil® can. But for everything we do, we know you do so much more. Tylenol®. [ male announcer ] your eyes. Even at a distance of 10 miles. The length of 146 football fields. They can see the light of a single candle. Your eyes are amazing. Look after them with centrum silver. Multivitamins with lutein and vitamins a, c, and e to support healthy eyes and packed with key nutrients to support your heart and brain, too. Centrum silver. For the most amazing parts of you. Pelley if youre yearning for something that rises above the dysfunctional politics of washington, we have just the thing 288 feet above, in fact. Tomorrow marks the 150th anniversary of the completion of the capitol dome. Its hard to imagine america without this crowning achievement, but when you hear the story of how it was created, it becomes hard to imagine that our dome exists at all. We were given amazing access for this story. And youre about to see the dome like youve never seen it before. George washington knew what he wanted a building so grand that no one could ever move the capitol from his city. Hed still find it on jenkins hill, where he laid the cornerstone. And he might admire the dome which was built later, for what it overcame. Built by men who despised each other, topped by a statue of freedom cast by a slave, through war and rivalry, the dome kept rising. And thats american character that runs deep below the skin. Stephen ayers this is where we go from that beautifully richly decorated capitol to the battleship gray industrial parts of the Capitol Building. Pelley Stephen Ayers holds the title architect of the capitol. He takes care of the dome and everything below. This is all original . Its all 150 years old . Ayers yes, it is. Pelley all this was designed by ayers predecessor, Thomas Walter, who proposed a dome no one had asked for. This is the capitol that George Washington knew, and its still the center of the Capitol Building today. Walter won a competition to expand the house and senate sides to hold all of the politicians coming in from the new states. But then, walter thought the original dome looked too small, so he drew another. Ayers he posted it on the wall in his office. And members of congress would often come by and see that, and it just stuck immediately. Didnt even have a cost estimate. Didnt know how they were going to construct it, how they were going to build it, and how they were going to design it. Yet it was so beautiful and so wonderful, everyone just knew immediately that they had to do it. Pelley walter drafted it after the great marble domes hed seen in europe only to discover that the building couldnt support the weight. So he conjured an illusion. Everything every column, every ornament is cast iron painted to look like stone. The weight was cut in half. Wow ayers this is from 1863. You can see its signed by thomas ustick walter. Pelley his drawing in the archive reveals there are two domes, an inner dome with a ceiling painted with an apotheosis of George Washington ascending into heaven and the outer dome ascending into the sky. Ayers we are climbing atop this inner dome, the apotheosis of washington fresco by constantino brumidi. Pelley thats right below us. Ayers yes. Pelley were on top of that. Ayers thats exactly right, and this is the level that we go outside. Pelley this is the top. Ayers this is the top. Pelley wow. What a beautiful view. Its about 30 stories, and because d. C. Outlawed skyscrapers back in 1910, you can see forever. For the record, the washington monument, still being refurbished, is nearly twice as tall. So theres the national mall. Theyre taking the scaffolding down off the washington monument. Ayers yes. You can see the Potomac River and anacostia rivers coming together. Pelley steven, what did it mean to have this dome completed very near the end of the civil war . Ayers to me, its a measure of our endurance, of our will to succeed, and our will to get it done, and our will to Stay Together as a country. Pelley it took enormous will. In congress, the first vote on the dome passed 71 to 70. A critic called it a great mistake. And then came the civil war not the war youre expecting. This was the war between the greats. The brilliant architect vs. The genius in charge of construction, army captain montgomery meigs. Bill allen he was incredibly honest, very efficient. Pelley bill allen was the historian in the office of the architect who told us that, despite meigs virtues, he was obsessed with winning fame. Allen and the way that he chose to do this was to put his name in every place that it occurred to him where it could go. Pelley it went on the bricks of the d. C. Aqueduct and on its stairs. M. C. Meigs even etched his name on copper plates and laid them between the stones of the capitol. Allen in case 2,000 to 3,000 years later, that capitol became an archeological site. The archeologists would discover these plates and know exactly who built the capitol extension. Pelley but the last straw came when meigs claimed authorship of the dome, signing his name to walters drawings. The two men stopped talking and raised their pens like swords. Allen the letters are well worth reading. They are. They are amazing. Pelley we found them in the archive. Meigs you are welcome to assume the authorship of the pyramids of egypt. You have no right to the new dome. Walter if i am not the architect of the new dome, i would like to know who is. I shall be glad never to receive another line from you. Meigs i have the honor to inform you that your services are dispensed with. Pelley he fired him. Allen he tried to. Walter, very calmly, writes back and says, i would like to remind you that my appointment is at the pleasure of the president of the united states. Pelley the work slowed but planning continued, including a debate about what to put on top. Lonnie bunch they decided that they would have a statue that would speak of freedom. Pelley historian lonnie bunch researched the project for congress. Bunch and they went to a Young American in rome who was studying, and he came up with this idea to create a statue that had the look of america. Pelley describe her to me, in your minds eye. Bunch well, she is this beautiful woman who has some native american features is capped by this beautiful headdress as reminder that this is a country that was different because it was built first and foremost around the issue of freedom. Pelley and one of the men instrumental in casting the statue was a slave named philip reid. Bunch philip reid was an enslaved man who was owned by someone who owned a foundry here in washington. And that when the statue, initially plaster, came back to the united states, there was a concern about how do you take it apart . Philip was really one of the people who knew how to do this, and he came up with the idea of how to separate the model, how to then cast the model. He led the people who were making the cast of the bronze statue. Pelley but freedom would be grounded in 1861 when the real civil war began. Montgomery meigs left to become quartermaster general, supplying the army with all that it needed for victory. But all the money for construction was diverted to the war. One of my favorite stories that i love to tell my friends is that lincoln ordered the dome to continue as a symbol that the nation would continue, and that story turns out to be false. Matt wasniewski yeah. laughter pelley matt wasniewski, a historian for the house, told us it was the contractor janes, fowler, kirtland of new york that resumed work without pay. Theyd delivered 1. 3 Million Pounds of cast iron and didnt want to see it rust away. Lincoln didnt mind. Wasniewski he has the famous line that, if the people see the capitol going on, it will be a sign that we intend the union shall go on. Pelley this is the rotunda. Youre walking between statues of washington and jefferson. Its just off this room that you find the office of the speaker of the house, john boehner, who administers a lot of what he called the campus. Do you ever not look up . Do you ever take this for granted . John boehner never. Listen, for a guy who grew up mopping floors in my dads bar, its pretty humbling experience. Pelley youve come up in the world. Boehner just a little. Pelley we went up in the world from the floor of George Washingtons original capitol to the heights of the inner dome. Boehner i told you itd be beautiful up here. Pelley this is the apotheosis of washington by constantino brumidi. I understand that, somewhere in here, the artist painted the face of the architect who designed the dome. Boehner its right over here. Pelley Thomas Walter is the one in the long white beard. Boehner yes. Pelley the scenes depict american hard work and ingenuity. And 180 feet below, 21st century citizens look up at washington rising at the center of the city laid down by he and urban planner pierre lenfant. Ayers look how lenfant laid out this city with these radiating streets maryland and pennsylvania and new jersey and delaware. Pelley the capitol right in the center. Ayers right in the middle. Pelley . And everything proceeds from here. Ayers and you put the capitol atop this hill. And thats how you create this iconic symbolism. Pelley it was a symbol for the whole nation that the union would endure. Now, your job is to make the dome endure. Up here, you can see what is hidden from a distance. The dome is falling apart. Your guys bring in pieces into the office and say, hey, boss, heres what i found . Ayers you can see the level of rust behind it that is just eating away at the cast iron. Pelley even worse, there are more than 1,300 serious cracks in the dome. Architect Stephan Ayers is starting a massive repair project. He showed us how theyll cover the dome with scaffolding for the next two years, replace the rusted parts, and stitch the cracks together with metal sutures. Minority leader nancy pelosi helped congress put up nearly 60 million for the work. A lot of people think that you guys cant agree about anything. And yet, everybody came around to the idea of refurbishing the dome. Nancy pelosi this capitol belongs to the american people. It is this place for them to visit. It is the most identifiable symbol of democracy that there is. Pelley on december 2, 1863, the dome was topped with the statue of freedom. And below, congress had been working on freedom, too. Itd passed an emancipation act for the district of columbia. When philip reid helped cast the statue of freedom, he was a slave. By the time its placed on top of the dome, hes a free man. Bunch he is free. What happens to him is that he symbolizes so many of the enslaved africanamericans who looked at that dome and saw it as a place of possibility, saw it as a place that said here is the freedom that we deserve. Pelley the titanic struggle that crowned the capitol is largely forgotten now. Boehner the house will come to order. Pelley . But next time you look on political gridlock and wonder whether anything can get done, remember how much can rise above the fractured politics of washington. The motion is adopted. The most Free Research reports, customizable charts, powerful screening tools, and guaranteed 1second trades. And at the center of it all is a surprisingly low price just 7. 95. In fact, fidelity gives you lower trade commissions than schwab, td ameritrade, and etrade. Im monica santiago of fidelity investments, and low fees and commissions are another reason serious investors are choosing fidelity. Now get 200 free trades when you open an account. [ male announcer ] hurry in for black friday deals, like 20 off all artificial Christmas Trees at lowes. Like 20 off all artificial Christmas Trees at lowes. And add a packet of Hidden Valley original ranch. It becomes the first thing they reach for. Ranch mashed potatoes. Hidden valley it so, if youre sleeping in your contact lenses, what you wear to bed is your business. Ask about the air optix® contacts so breathable theyre approved for up to 30 nights of continuous wear. Serious eye problems may occur. Ask your doctor and visit airoptix. Com for Safety Information and a free onemonth trial. I dont miss out. You sat out most of our game yesterday asthma doesnt affect my job. You were out sick last week. My asthma doesnt bother my family. You coughed all through our date night i hardly use my rescue inhaler at all. What did you say . How about every day . Coping with asthma isnt controlling it. Test your level of control at asthma. Com, then talk to your doctor. There may be more you could do for your asthma. So be ready with a stouffers Party Size Lasagna this holiday season. Its the mouthwatering recipe. [ doorbell rings ]. That keeps them coming back. Happy holidays. From stouffers. [ doorbell rings ]. That keeps them coming back. This kenmore elite dueluggle temperature double oven, . Exclusively from sears, can help. Impressive and so is kenmore elite ranking highest in customer satisfaction. This is sears. Simon the sport in our story tonight is called free diving, and it involves going down hundreds of feet on one single breath. Its an experimental sport because its revealing human capabilities that had never even been imagined, forcing medical scholars to rewrite their textbooks on human physiology. Its also a very dangerous sport. But its becoming more popular every year, attracting thousands of divers worldwide. Its mecca, its ultimate playing field, is a deepwater cave in the bahamas called deans blue hole. Two weeks ago, 32yearold Nicholas Mevoli of brooklyn, new york, went there to set a new american record 236 feet down without so much as a fin. He got there, and surfaced after three minutes and 38 seconds underwater. But something was wrong. He looked stunned. Seconds later, he lost consciousness. Doctors and medics tried to resuscitate him, but failed. He died a little more than an hour later. Why would somebody risk his life in these deep dark waters . We went to deans blue hole to last year to explore this burgeoning sport. Free diving has been around a very long time. Homer and plato wrote about it. It was how the ancient greeks went down for sponges. Without so much as a snorkel, theyd dive to around 100 feet. Todays free divers go down a lot further for fun and sport. They want to join the sea World Without disturbing it no tanks, no bubbles, no noise. Yes, that is a shark, but it seems friendly enough. The diver, new zealander William Trubridge, has become just another guy in the neighborhood. Ten seconds. Simon trubridge is also a World Champion in the competitive sport of free diving. Three, two, one. Simon here he is getting ready to dive 331 feet, twice the height of the statue of liberty, on a single breath. Five, six, seven. Simon hell be doing this just with his arms and legs; no fins to help him. This film, with the music, was produced by his team. Going down is the easy part. After 70 feet, he loses buoyancy and gets pulled down by gravity alone. Simon he reaches his target, collects a tag to prove he got there, and goes into reverse for the hard part, getting back up. His body is craving oxygen, but he goes up slowly and gracefully, as if he were doing a water ballet. He was underwater four minutes and ten seconds. Nose clip. Look at the judges. Simon a new world record, 331 feet. Thats 101 meters. Five years ago, the record was 80 meters. applause five years ago, did anyone think it was possible to go down 100 meters . William trubridge when the record was 80 . I dont think so. I dont think anyone realistically thought it was going to happen, or at least not soon. Simon isnt there a certain limit of underwater thats just. You cant go beyond it without dying . Trubridge definitely, its. Its out there, but theres no way of kind of knowing exactly where it is. Its just deeper than we are now, we know that much. Simon and because of free diving, scientists now know that humans are closer to dolphins than had been thought. Just like dolphins, when we go into cold water, a reflex kicks in which slows down our pulse, shifts blood from our extremities to our heart and to our brain. Our spleen contracts, releasing oxygenrich blood into our arteries. Is under the water a place humans belong . Free divers think so. They point out that the amniotic fluid in the womb where a fetus lives for nine months is very similar to seawater; that if a newborn is immediately submerged in a pool, it will swim the breast stroke and be able to hold its breath for 40 seconds. It will retain this ability until it learns how to walk. Then, its all over. Tanya streeter were physiologically designed to hold our breath underwater. Were not designed to breathe underwater. Simon during her career as a free diver, tanya streeter held ten world records. She had gone down deeper than any man. The key to her success, she says, is her ability to equalize the pressure underwater so her eardrums dont burst. Streeter as you dive, the. The pressure of the weight of water around you increases. And it pushes your eardrums in and in and in, and you have to push air into the eustachian tubes to be able to pop the eardrums out to equalize that pressure. I mean, it. It hurts. Ive described it as an elephant sitting on my chest, stabbing hot pokers in my eardrums. Simon nobody would choose to do that. Streeter no. But, you know, you sort of find yourself there on. At that point on your journey, and realize that thats what you signed up for. So, it. Its all par for the course. Simon tanya and other free divers come to the blue hole because its the Perfect Place to dive. Its in the remotest part of the bahamas, called long island. Christopher columbus put it on the map in 1492, but youll have trouble finding it on any tourist map today. The jet set doesnt come here because jet planes dont fly here from america or europe. There are hardly any hotels, no golf courses, no frozen margaritas. Just that deep blue hole. This is where William Trubridge lives and trains. For the last six months, hes led a monastic existence, getting ready to try for another world record. He wants to make it down to 410 feet on one breath, this time using a single fin. To get ready, he goes through a unique a set of exercises that he designed himself to make his body more flexible and supple, more like a dolphin. His waist here is 27 inches. Then, the countdown. His wife brittany is on the platform. His parents are on the shore. The judges and safety divers are in the water; their job to save him if he loses consciousness. In any other sport, a spurt of adrenaline would be a good thing. Not here. Tension, anxiety consume oxygen; what you need is serenity. He begins to swallow air. He is literally swallowing air, packing his lungs with more air than they could receive from breathing alone. Free divers discovered this technique themselves to expand their lungs. And in his head . Trubridge sometimes, if im taking my last breath, a voice will pop into my mind saying, this is. Could be your last breath of your life, or, youre going to die. Its kind of like the devils advocate sitting on your shoulder whos going to think of the worst possible thing and voice that in your mind. Simon the devil is still talking to you . Trubridge always. Yeah. Simon his lungs are now the size of watermelons. As he descends, they will be squeezed until theyre no larger than oranges. His heartbeat slows down to 27 beats a minute. His mother is counting seconds. Down deep, the blue hole becomes the black hole. Trubridge youre alone with yourself down there at depth. Even your body slips away so that it feels like youre just a kind of a speck of consciousness thats floating into the abyss. Youre weightless, theres no light, no sound, and so its almost as if youre floating in a completely empty tank. Simon the pressure is causing his brain to absorb more nitrogen. He is feeling lightheaded, kind of drunk. It happens to all divers deep down; its called narcosis. Suddenly, a bright light on the base plate 410 feet down. He takes the tag and begins his ascent. At 100 feet, he is joined by his safety divers. Like a pod of dolphins, they guide him through the most hazardous part of the dive. Running out of oxygen can cause a blackout. Trubridge grunting simon the sound you are hearing is william expelling air from his sinuses. Trubridge grunting simon hes made it. But for his record of 410 feet to be ratified by the judges, he needs to perform three simple tasks when he gets to the surface take his goggles off, give the okay sign with his fingers, and say im okay, in that precise order. Sounds simple, but williams brain isnt working. He does these things in the wrong order. The judges disqualify him. Linden wolbert he took off the nose clip, made the sign, and said im okay without removing his goggles. Simon boy, oh, boy. He had just been down a quarter of a kilometer. Wolbert thats correct. Simon he did goggles in the wrong order and it cost him his record. Wolbert it did. Simon it sounds like a technicality, but he has to prove that his mind is as tough as his body. You got there. You got. You got deeper than anyone has ever gotten before. Trubridge yeah. Yeah. Simon and then, you took your mask off and said okay in the wrong order, and it was all for nothing. Trubridge yeah. Simon and youre smiling. Trubridge i feel good because i. I know i can. I can do it again maybe it might not be for a while, but i can definitely do that depth. Simon but you did feel narcosis . Trubridge yeah. Simon tanya streeter had a close call with severe narcosis ten years ago. She was doing whats called no limits diving, going down in a weighted device, which moves fast and goes down deeper than most world war iiera submarines. This is tanya at 525 feet, deeper than anyone had ever gone. She blew a kiss to the ocean. But then she became disoriented. It took her 17 agonizing seconds to remember she had to pull a pin. Any longer and she might have stayed down there forever. But with experiences like this, why go down at all . Streeter its just a little bit difficult for people to fathom, if you excuse the pun, but its. Its what i love to do. You know, its. Its a common phrase in free diving we dont dive to look around us, we dive to look within ourselves. Its a journey of self exploration. Simon what can you possibly be exploring in your own mind when your ears hurt and youre out of breath and its dark and, you know, its dangerous . Streeter i want to know what ive got. I want to know what im made of. Welcome to the cbs sports update presented by pacific life. Im james brown with scores from the nfl. Denver controls the top spot with their win, patriots score 27 second half points to beat houston. Carolina expands their winning streak 208. 211 yards in the vikings overtime win. Three touchdowns as eagles make it four in a row and the jacks win their first straight on the road. More sports news and information go to cbssports. Com. Made with me when i was ten. He said, you get the grades to go to college and well help out with the school of your choice. Well, i got the grades and, with dads planning and a lot of hard work, im graduating today with a degree in marine biology. Im so thankful and excited about the future. [ male announcer ] for strategies on how to help your family achieve financial success, visit pacificlife. Com. On how to help your family achieve financial success, i started parttime, now im a manager. N. My employer matches my charitable giving. Really. I get bonuses even working parttime. Where i work, over 400 people are promoted every day. Healthcare starting under 40 a month. I got education benefits. I work at walmart. Im a pharmacist. Sales associate. I manage produce. I work in logistics. Theres more to walmart than you think. Vo opportunity. Thats the real walmart. Pelley at the end of the long thanksgiving weekend, one thought occurs why did i eat so much . Not just thursdays feast, but the sandwiches, the leftovers, and the football snacks that followed. Two years ago, morley safer offered the comforting thought that it may not be all your fault. Thats when he introduced the flavorists, experts from givaudan the largest flavoring company in the world whose job it is to lead us into temptation, and then keep us there. You know, a burst in the beginning. And maybe a. A finish that doesnt linger too much so that you want more of it. Safer aha. So i see its got to be a quick fix and then. Have more. Safer but that suggests something else, which is called addiction. Exactly. Safer youre trying to create an addictive taste . Thats a good word. Pelley now, as long as you can avoid the mirror, you know who to blame. Im scott pelley. Well be back next week with another edition of 60 minutes. Tomorrow, be sure to watch cbs this morning, and ill see you on the cbs evening news. Maya twas the mom with the son with big brains galore. So off she dashed to the best buy windows store. Blue shirt a laptop with new windows. Maya at a great price for your kid. Now he can get a job and move out. Heaven forbid. Vo save on great gifts, like this asus touch screen laptop. Best buy. You really love, what would you do . [ woman ] id be a writer. [ man ] id be a baker. [ woman ] i wanna be a pie maker. [ man ] i wanna be a pilot. [ woman ] id be an architect. What if i told you someone could pay you and what if that person were you . When you think about it, isnt that what retirement should be, paying ourselves to do what we love . On the amazing race. Caught an early train. Hil but the stakes of the detour cost them the lead. I always quiet down because i do what you want me to do every time. Phil she wanted help from an source. Phil after leo refused, may tepped in. Nicole, short one total one. Upside down. Phil ally and ashley were liminated. I dont want it to be over. Phil four teams remain. Be eliminated next . [captioning made possible by cbs productions, cbs, inc. , and ford. Drive one. ]