Transcripts For KQED Frontline 20121212

Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world. And by reva and david logan. Committed to Investigative Journalism as the guardian of the public interest. Additional funding is provided by the park foundation. Dedicated to heightening Public Awareness of critical issues. And by the frontline journalism fund. Supporting investigative reporting and enterprise journalism. Go to work, go to work, go to work, go to work, go to work. Lets go we got to use what we have. Whoa pick it up, boys . 14, 15, 16, 17. whistle blows lets go, get there, get there. Lets go, lets go, lets go, lets go, lets go, lets go. Hey, tyler, get on up there, lets go. Come on, lets go. whistle blows come on come on, jacob narrator the summer of 2010 was one of the hottest on record in arkansas. You want to win or you want to coast through the season . Right now, youre coasting. You got to run 40 yards, run 40 yards whistle blows narrator despite the heat, High School Football teams across the state were practicing, gearing up for the season. Keep your eyes up here, guys. Got to be able to focus when were tired. We got to be able to think when were tired. Narrator at 3 30 pm on friday, the 13th of august, the heat index in little rock was 112 degrees. Will james, a 16yearold, 250pound lineman for pulaski academy, began to falter. The team was doing updowns, and will starts to stagger. And we ran from here over to here, and we caught him about right in here. siren wailing narrator it was heat stroke. Will was rushed to the icu at arkansas Childrens Hospital. When he arrived to us, he was comatose and on the ventilator. Initially, his kidneys were doing okay, but over the first 48 hours, they deteriorated, and he went into renal failure. I know the consequence. I know where this is headed. His Blood Pressure was really low; it was in the 40s. And it is not a pretty his temperature was very high. Picture. He was obviously very critically ill. The waiting room was full of people there for will american cant be great if teammates, parents, coaches. Its broke and were broke. There were media people roaming around, because not only had theres a simple solution to the debt. Will collapsed from heat stroke; you pay for it. Two days earlier, another child had, as well. Narrator the other boy was also a High School Football player from a small town outside of little rock. His name was Tyler Davenport. When he arrived at the hospital, his core body temperature was 108 degrees. Their stories were so similar. They were the same age, same height, the same. You know, kind of the same build, they played the same types of positions. They both presented with very high fever. Both had been playing football, both had been doing practice, both had collapsed. Football players are supposed to be so healthy and athletic, and to see them so critically ill was really hard for everyone. Narrator at arkansas childrens that weekend, there were a total of four high school boys, all in serious condition with footballrelated injuries. Probably at least twothirds to threequarters of the death in sport at high schools in america are related to football. The seriousness and intensity of High School Football in america has just grown by leaps and bounds in the last five, ten years. There have always been injuries in High School Football, but theyre on the rise. The ramping up of pressure on High School Kids, the intensity of high school play, the increase in size, strength and speed. High School Football has always been important, but in the last ten to 20 years, weve seen it become amped up, and its a real concern. tv theme music plays lets go narrator elite High School Football teams compete at a level that didnt exist just a few years ago. Youre watching the under Armour High School all america football game. Narrator the game has grown from a local passion to a national phenomenon. Welcome inside tropicana field. This is on nbc, this is on espn, these are on fox sports. These are events that are getting Major National exposure. Weve had some great players already. Its just an insane amount of attention being paid to the sport. Lets go down to Lowell Galindo for the first of our eight verbal commitments. Hes standing by xavier dickson. A lot of these kids nowadays are doing major press conferences, where theyre deciding what college theyre going to go to. Alabama. cheers and applause there you go. These are 16 and 17yearold kids who have to meet the demands of a rabid fan base. whistle blows narrator at summer camps and tournaments, top Football Players and teams are scrutinized, evaluated and ranked by an army of College Scouts and national media. You seen anybody that you like out here . Oh, yeah. Yeah, weve been right. Tip narrator Dallas Jackson is a Senior Analyst for rivals. Com, a sports recruiting news site. Yeah, cj azumea . Hes a guy who could play wide receiver or cornerback. With the increased exposure that a lot of these places are getting from the internet, from television, theres more pressure. Its just like running a College Program now where, if youre not successful, the coach is going to be fired. Cornerback from griffin is pretty good. And to be a successful High School Football team at this point, its not just, come in august, work out for a month, play the season, go home. A lot of these programs are just. Are football factories. marching band playing narrator it takes a certain kind of team to succeed in the new landscape of High School Football, and the Shiloh Christian saints are one of them. What is your profession . team shouting narrator shiloh is a small private high school in springdale, arkansas, with a student body of less than 300. Come on, baby narrator several years ago, few outside of arkansas knew who shiloh was, but thats changed. Whats happened here the last five years is just phenomenal. We came out for the First Time Ever being the Number One Team ranked in the state of arkansas. We were nationally ranked, and. And pretty well by everyone. cheers and applause narrator the rise of shilohs Football Program has been largely the design of ronnie floyd. Floyd is the father of the teams head coach and pastor of arkansas biggest megachurch, which owns and operates Shiloh Christian. I want us to bow together and prepare our hearts for the preaching of the word. About the mid1990s, we decided that we really wanted to try to become a national Football Program. And with that, everything began to advance. So, we pray tomorrow that youll help us do the very best we can. How do you explain what has happened here . I mean, youve got this little Football Program that has emerged to a national stage. The only way i could explain it is the favor of god. Thats it. Narrator but it takes more than divine intervention to build an elite Football Program. It takes money and commitment. Shilohs coaches start the boys working out with weights as soon as the football season is over, and the team trains 12 months a year. If youre in a Great High School program, you will spend more time working in high school than you will in college. A lot of people dont understand the way college works. In a full sevenday week, you have 20 hours to complete all footballrelated activities in nc. Under ncaa rules. Theres not a Great High School program in america that does anywhere near 20 hours. Theyre considerably over that. whistle blows eyes up, eyes up, eyes up, eyes up. Narrator shiloh has six fulltime coaches on staff for only 40 players. Chicago scissor blue three. Chicago scissor blue three. Blue go narrator . Along with specialized private coaches. There we go. Nice. Felt that all the way through. Stay relaxed. Narrator . To work on speed, strength and agility. Good, good, two more. Shiloh christian is where they are for a reason. There we go. Good, much better. Good breath that time also. They go the extra length. They go, whats it going to take to make our players faster, stronger, better . Cross hook. There you go. Nice job, nice job. Ready, switch kick. If you want to go the next level, youve got to find the extras. Do you not have the strength . Go get the strength coach. Do you not have the flexibility . Go get the flexibility coach. What do you need . cheers and applause narrator shiloh declined to tell frontline how much it spends its Football Program but, by 2006, the investment it had made began to pay off, and the schools reputation lured some of the regions best athletes players like number 53, sam harvill, who lives on a farm in missouri, 75 miles from shiloh. We owe this place were going to show them shiloh football and who we are narrator his parents rent an apartment in arkansas so sam can be eligible to play for the saints. They think they own it. This is our house. cheers and applause narrator and in 2008, shiloh was able to attract what it needed most to break through to the next level, a true superstar. Kiehl frazier, now, hes looking to throw. Hes in some trouble. Now, he escapes. He escapes a second time narrator Kiehl Frazier is ranked one of the top five High School Quarterbacks in the country. Hes a sixfoot, threeinch running and passing threat with a strong arm and a sprinters speed. He is going to be a great football player. He may win the heisman one day, his own self. I had some ninth grade students that i teach. They come in there and they were like, oh, man, Kiehl Frazier signed my shirt. Narrator there was buzz about Kiehl Frazier long before he ever got to high school, when he played in the pee wee leagues as a tenyearold in rural arkansas. Doggone it, anyway narrator recognizing kiehls potential, his parents decided to move the family to springdale, and enrolled him in shiloh. After kiehls sophomore season, he got his first scholarship offer. Id never even heard of a kid getting offered a College Scholarship as a sophomore before. Narrator the College Offers streamed in. By the summer of his senior year, kiehl was being recruited by more schools than any High School Athlete in arkansas history. Its pretty cool to get the letters. I mean, like, my first ones from miami and, like, notre dame. Those are, like. Theyre my favorite just because theyre probably the top schools. This means you are a real recruit. When the head coach sends you a letter and gives you his cell phone number, the head coach, and says, call me, thats as far as they can go in football to say we want you. Kiehl has a. A very well plannedout future for himself. He has a real opportunity. Hes smart, and he has a milliondollar smile. His dad called me last night and hes like. Narrator Walt Williams is a local sports promoter who kiehls family hired to help advance their sons college prospects. Just do it again. Im going to watch over your shoulder. Its much like marketing a product, is all it really is. cheers you know, weve talked about making sure that he just does things that give it. All the people all the right reasons to like him. Where do you think youre the strongest as a player . I mean, what. What kind of things make you a Great Quarterback . Just really the team around me. I mean, we have great players. I just have to get them the ball. People will say, you know, let him be a kid, let him have fun. The same kids that are being kids right now will be making 35,000 at an entrylevel job when theyre 24 years old. Kiehl will make more than that in one day if he signs in the nfl. whistle blows narrator for other seniors on shilohs team, dreams of playing in the nfl are less realistic. Shiloh running back Garrett Harper has his own ambitions this year getting a scholarship to play football in college. It would be a great experience, just to play college football. I think if i can play like i. You know, like i can, then i would think, for sure, someone would take a chance on me. But, you know, its up to the coaches, so. Lets go, shiloh. Lets go, garrett. Narrator garretts father, craig, the coo of a fortune 500 company, could afford to send garrett to College Without a scholarship. Take the game right here id love to see him get one just as a sort of public acknowledgement of his hard work and the talent he has and the effort that hes put into it. Narrator over the summer, craig hired a private track coach to help garrett improve his speed. With a scholarship on the line, this season is garretts last chance to prove himself. At fivefoot, ten, he is one of shilohs smaller players, but with a fierce style of play. Garrett harper gets the ball around the left side. And there goes Garrett Harper. Hes to the 35, to the 40. Hes got a blocker and. He is a kid with reckless abandon. Hes like a dog chasing a car. He just. He runs, he goes, he doesnt know when the car is going to start or stop, he doesnt know if hes going to get hit by a car, but hes going to keep chasing it. Narrator but garretts intensity has its price. Over the years, hes had multiple injuries, including two concussions. crowd exclaims in his junior year, he had to be helped off the field after being smashed between two players from the opposing team. He was hit again in the first game of his senior season. Frazier keeps this one. Hes going to go to his left. Harper out in front trying to block. He lays a nice block there right across the ten. You hear the big hit. I looked up to see garrett laying there. And when he got up, you could tell there was something not quite right there. Garretts hurting. Garretts hurting. Get garrett out of there. Bowen, bowen. Bowen, go to four, go to four. Come on, get out. We got you, we got you. Come on. The trainer said, when i came off to the side, i was like, i know everything, i know everything, because, you know, i didnt want him to think i had a concussion or anything. You all right . Years past, we used to say, he got his bell rung. But weve kind of shied away from that, and we actually call it what it is, and it was a little bit of a head trauma. Number 20, josh. Narrator there are at least 60,000 concussions like this one every year in High School Football. Concussions have always been part of the game, but lately, theyve been met with far more scrutiny. Number 32 on third down and six. In trouble. Gets rid of the ball. Oh, big hit on desean jackson, and there is a penalty marker. Narrator the nfls high profile drama over big hits played out all fall in the media. I dont know how you take this out of the game of football, but weve got to find a way. Weve got to find a way. Recent studies show repeated concussions can have a longterm effect, like an increased risk of dementia. The nfl is finally aware that concussions cause real problems. Theres mounting evidence its putting players at risk of brain damage. Narrator much of the evidence cited in the media emerged from a small lab at this va hospital outside boston. It was shocking, actually, from the first case forward. Narrator dr. Ann mckee is a neuropathologist who has found evidence of degenerative disease in the brains of over a dozen exnfl players. The disease, called cte, can lead to depression, dementia, even suicide. Its a progressive deterioration of your brain. Were seeing it over and over again in Football Players. Narrator by the summer of 2010, mckee had a new concern. She had autopsied the brain of owen thomas, a 21yearold captain of the university of pennsylvania Football Team whod committed suicide the previous april. He had never played professional football. I was expecting nothing. I mean, you have to remember that hes a young player, hes 21 years old. But what we found was damage to the point where i could actually see the damage on the slide without even looking at it under the microscope. Narrator thomass brain showed early signs of cte. To see it in such a young player, i have to say that i went home and. And. I almost couldnt speak. Its. It totally changed what i thought about this game. Narrator there was something else. Owen thomas had never been diagnosed with a concussion. We were hopeful that this 21yearold whod been playing 12 years, that they would show that, you know, you need more than 12 years to get this disease; you need some more. You need real concussions to get this disease. But owens case kind of opened up a huge, dark world. It was like this could happen to anybody. Anybody whos playing this game, this could happen, this could be the result. The question is, when does this start . Is this a process that starts much earlier in life than we are used to be thinking about . marching band playing narrator despite the public discussion about its health risks, more kids play football than any other sport over a million across the country. A quarter of the boys at shiloh are on the Football Team. Its another great opportunity this week. We get to play the team thats the Number One Team in the country. Narrator last season, shiloh was invited to compete in one of the premier matchups in High School Football. The Burger King National kickoff classic. Narrator . On national television. Presented by burger king. Narrator events like these, pitting elite teams from different states against one another outside of the regular football schedule, are a new development in the sport. Is this a dream . Narrator the saints would be playing in the 1. 2 billion Dallas Cowboys stadium. Oh, my god. Holy crap. Narrator . Home to this years super bowl. Are you serious . Oh, my gosh. Lets go, lets go, lets go. Yeah narrator for shiloh, it was a goal the team had long been working toward. But as their opponent took the field, the scale of the challenge they were facing became apparent. cheers and applause Euless Trinity of texas has been ranked the Number One High School team in america. There are 212 players on trinitys roster, five times the size of shilohs. They are the very top of the High School Football food chain. They won the texas state championship last year. Theyre always a contender. Theres games that Euless Trinity wins just by getting off the bus. cheers and applause narrator of all that stands out about trinity, its the sheer size of their players that says the most about how High School Football is changing. You know, it used to be if you had a 200pound player, it was a source of embarrassment, as if you werent a real coach and you couldnt keep all that weight run off of him, you know. You must need to. You must be a soft coach to carry somebody that big. Its changed. Narrator of the 89 players on trinitys varsity team, 18 of them weigh over 250 pounds. If you look at it position by position, you can compare it to nfl teams. You really would. Youre going to see 300pound linemen. Youre going to see 240pound, 250pound linebackers. Youre going to see 200pound backs. I mean. laughs . Its just crazy. They are huge. Narrator trinity is not alone. Theyre at the front edge of a much broader trend. As recently as 20 years ago, it was pretty rare to find a high school offensive lineman who weighed more than 220, maybe 230. Now, a lot of high schools, all their starting offensive linemen weigh more 300 pounds. There you go, big boy. Pull, pull. Training habits are so different. Keep pulling, keep pulling. You know, when i was in high school or even in college, i didnt really understand nutrition, i didnt really work out that hard in the off season, because it wasnt done. Now that everybody has access to this information, its easy for a 16 yearold kid to get up to 300 pounds if they eat right and they train right. You cant finish, charles. You cant finish strong. Weve learned a lot in the last couple decades, and so, suddenly, were able to turn these young boys into big monsters. whistle blows narrator with increased size comes increased force on the field. You know, if force equals mass times acceleration, your mass goes up and the kids are faster because theyre training better youve got more force in every hit. Narrator trinity embraces the power that their size provides. Crush their heart. Crush their heart. Narrator the motto here is, if it aint rough, it aint right. Thats their style of ball hit em, hit em, hit em, hit em. Theyre going to hit you in the mouth, and theyre going to keep hitting you in the mouth until you say uncle, so. So, its a beautiful thing to be on their side, you know. Weve been taught from, you know, fourth grade on that to be physical is the only way to play football. Our goal isnt to just win the game. Coaches talk about, you know, playing so hard that your opponent loses their next game, as well. shouting crowd moans we expect it, we. We demand it, for them to be that way. Football is violent. Its a violent sport, and i dont know that it can be too violent. Get him whistle blows our brand is a physical brand of football, you know. It. Its got to be that way. Were back at cowboys stadium here in arlington, texas. Vic river here, along with eric vaughn, welcome you to the Kirk Herbstreit National Kickoff classic. Narrator as the game between shiloh and trinity began, some were worried about the safety of shilohs athletes. This is a huge team with trinity. Pretty much in all phases of the game, they. Theyre bigger than shiloh. Be smart out here, be smart. After some of these big hits and there will be big hits the coaches are going to have to make sure that they take care of their players. Lets go, lets go. What i thought is, can we physically, you know, pound on these people until they give up . And if you look at history and you look at war, if you look, like, the whole civil war is all basically who could get the other guy to leave the field first. Trinitys defense is excellent in pursuit, and they never give up. Ooh, hit hard there. Theyre going to push you and smash you in the mouth. Oh lets go, lets go. Defense they would hit us and hit us and hit us and hit us and hit us, and come back and hit us again. And some of our guys thought, man, this is different than what i thought it was going to be. cheers and applause narrator by halftime, shiloh trailed, 53 to 20. All right, listen, listen, we are all disappointed with that first half, okay. Let me tell you something theyre not going to quit. Okay, you better play physical. Do not cower down you better not cower down. Nows the time to fight more than ever. You understand me . Yes, sir. Im going to hurt you if you cower down. Thats not who we are. Come on, guys. Defense defense narrator the pounding continued in the second half of the game. Jason is out there cramping. All right, get him over. Late in the third quarter, shilohs star defensive lineman, sam harvill, cramping and unable to stand, had to be carried off the field. Despite the best efforts of their allstar quarterback, Kiehl Frazier. Shoot narrator . Shiloh lost badly. Kiehl, come here. Narrator the final score was 80 to 26 thats what a butt kicking feels like, if yall never knew. They whipped our tail, all right . We learned a lot. We learned were not as good as maybe we thought we were, okay . Im proud of your effort, and, you know, hey, were not the best team in texas or in the country today. Thats just how it is, you know what i mean . Just shows where our program has got to go. You know, if were really going to do it all, and to be up at the top five or ten in the nation, we cant be afraid to play with anybody in america. Narrator shiloh had escaped with their pride wounded but with no serious injuries. But as the saints turned to face the rest of their season, researchers were uncovering some disturbing evidence about the kind of physical football that shiloh had just endured. Starting in 2009, scientists at Purdue University put sensors into the helmets of two High School Football teams. The sensors measured every impact the athletes took over the course of a season. Hips together, eyes up the original intent for this study was to study concussions, but we didnt experience any concussions for quite a few weeks. So, we decided we would start bringing in some of our players who had not experienced concussions, to just begin to understand whether or not there were any consequences from the blows that they were getting to their head. And away you go, and well talk to you through the intercom shortly. Narrator to the researchers surprise, neurological tests revealed that players who had never reported symptoms of a concussion had suffered significant damage to their memories. You know what to do . This is the letters test zero back, one back and two back, so. What were finding is that these subconcussive blows, these blows that do not result in overt symptoms has the risk of impairing your abilities. Narrator half of the athletes with no reported concussions performed increasingly worse on cognitive tests as the season wore on. In the very simple task of does this letter match the ones that i was just shown, their brain simply couldnt do the tasks as well. Thats a new part of the story, and thats a little frightening where were saying, look, the best predictor of the Cognitive Impairment in. In that study group, in that high school group, was not concussions; it was the number of hits that they were taking. Its starting to look a little bit more like the daily wear and tear in football on the brain might be looking a little more akin to the daily wear and tear of, you know, the rotator cuff in someone who pitches, where its not a single blowout event, but there might be some repetitive damage over time. The sensors in helmets find that the High School Kids take more force to the brain than college kids. And the reality is, we know from the literature that the young, developing brain is far more vulnerable to this trauma. How do you change the game so that youre not getting all these small little hits that dont rise to the level of concussion . Thats sort of the nature of the game. Thats how its being played. Every time we line up, even in a practice, thats whats happening. So were going to have to make dramatic changes, or we dont change. We dont change the face of this disease. Lets go to work today. Dont even have pads on. Here we go. Lets go narrator the research is still preliminary, and what these revelations will mean for the sport is anybodys guess. Although coaches and players are aware of the headlines, the culture of the game remains very much as it has always been. I hit people a lot with my head thats sort of my main thing. When i didnt weigh as much, that was really my only weapon. My helmet kind of shows all the marks and how much ive hit people. You aint hitting nobody. You aint hitting nobody fortunately, now, with the technology in helmets and the amount of padding that they have and. Its basically like your heads sitting in a basket, even to the point where if, i hit someone really hard, it doesnt. It doesnt really hurt. whistle blows knock him out a helmet is not going to prevent a concussion. Next guy. Good group, good group. The helmet design of today and the past has always been about keeping the skull from getting a fracture, not a concussion. Just because you have a helmet on doesnt make you invincible. And thats the. Danger that weve got to change the culture on. Get it out, lets go narrator with the new awareness about head injuries, the coaches at shiloh say they are more careful. But their big loss to trinity only strengthened their resolve to play a more physical game. Were going to run you all dead. Were killing yall, im just telling you. We are aware of concussions, we are aware of head injuries, and we take that very serious. But you cant play worried about getting hurt. Trinity taught us that if i hit you hard enough or i hit you often enough, i can knock a little bit of fear into you. If we can be physical enough to put. To make the other opponent not want to keep fighting, thats what we are going to do. Get there josh, youre slow. Get there get there it becomes a keeping up with the jones issue. If school a has got this unbelievable program, unbelievable athletes, and then they go and beat up on school b, well, school b is going to go, well, weve got to do that, too. But then, im beating you every day and, eventually, you figure out how youre going to turn around and get me. Well, we just raised the bar again. cheers and applause narrator even the smallest teams in arkansas aspire to be like shiloh. Theres not anyone in arkansas that needs to be explained what Shiloh Christian football is about. Their reputation is that they pretty much beat peoples brains in. narrator ozark, arkansas, bond to build a 415,000 turfaw field for their Football Team and hired a new head coach with big ambitions. Last year was my first year as the head coach, and we, you know, made some strides towards being competitive. Narrator this friday night, the team is traveling 70 miles to springdale to play Shiloh Christian for the first time. Any shot that you get to take out the Number One Team in the state, i say you should go ahead and take it. Im loving every single bit of this. If. The coach that we had last time wouldnt have gave us any of this. Theres a slogan that goes around here thats hprd hillbilly pride runs deep. When i was growing up, it was always just hardnosed kids, smashmouth football. Thats what were trying to get back to. Everybody that has played these guys has let them come out, punch them in the mouth, and then laid down and let them roll over them. You know, maybe they are that good, but. But lets find out. No matter what happens in the game, were going to continue to lay the wood. Yes, sir. All right . Lay the wood every play, all right . Hit their ass until they dont want to be hit anymore. players whooping you hit em, hit em, hit em, hit em, okay . I dont care what the score is, you hit em every play. Yes, sir. Lets go, guys. Run it back. Lets go. cheers and applause theres not a team weve played this year that has not been bigger than us. Were like a. Hopefully, were like a little pit bull, you know. We just go after them. Ankle biters. laughs lets go, lets go. Shiloh christian just got a huge defensive line, and theyre really fast at the linebacker. Its tough to run on them. The give is to rhee, and rhee is met immediately by harvill, kaufman. Theyve had the whole saints defense on top of them. Narrator the final score shiloh 47, ozark 14. Obviously, physically, theyre talented. shouts but thats a level of football that i think we can obtain. Weve got to, obviously, get some guys that are physically gifted a little bit like they are. But i think our guys have the grit and the to play at that level. All right, our goal. Our goal now is to host a playoff game. Yes, sir. Okay, thats our goal. Lets. Lets all. Lets all jump on board, all right. Pull, push, whatever you. The intensity and competitiveness of High School Football culture will be very difficult to change. The stakes have been ratcheted up for everybody, and they were already really high. One, two, three as far as the game goes, i think its a good thing. As far as the health of the players, it means we have to be more responsible in making sure they have somebody watching who knows what to do if something goes wrong. Fox 16s karoline whiteman is live at Childrens Hospital and, karoline, what are doctors saying about these kids . Well, donna, Tyler Davenport collapsed from heat stroke after practice on wednesday morning. Narrator as football season progressed, the whole state was following the progress of will james and Tyler Davenport, the two boys who had collapsed from heat stroke over the summer. Tyler davenport collapsed during a lamar High School Football practice on august 11. Hes been in the hospital ever since. Narrator Tyler Davenport came from lamar, a town right near ozark. Thats right down the road. A lot of our players knew him. You know, that kind of hits close to home when it happens, you know, that close. Narrator the two players had both passed out on the field after practice in the blistering august heat. We had almost a threeweek span where it was over 100 degrees every day, so you do try to take extra caution. It does make you think a little bit when its that hot outside. Interviewer but you still practice . Oh, you have to practice. You, you know, have to practice to. To be ready for the season to start. So, yeah, we dont. We dont cancel practice because. Because of the heat. Narrator both tyler and will were put in medically induced comas in the same icu at arkansas Childrens Hospital. Both faced the possibility of permanent damage to their organs from the heat stroke. From comparing notes, you know, it seemed like that they were both having some of the same issues. You know, will had had damage to his liver, tyler had had damage to his liver. But we were all real hopeful. Narrator as the weeks passed, will james slowly began to recover, while tyler did not. After three weeks in the hospital, will was released, weak and needing kidney dialysis. On the day he left, he visited tyler for the first time. It was a really emotional experience, because i remember walking to the intensive care unit. And i just remember seeing him laying on his bed, skin was just miscolored. It was kind of like a light orange color. His, just, teeth were just, you know, disarranged from all the drugs they had to put him on. He was in the middle of dialysis. You know, patches of hair were missing, like mine was. It was just a really overwhelming sight. Narrator six weeks later, tyler passed away. When we got to the funeral, there were just cars lined up for at least two miles. It was really difficult. You know, im thinking, if i was the one to die and tyler was the one to live, just thinking, like, you know, he would probably attend my funeral and all that. Just. Narrator it was only after tylers death that crucial differences between the two boys cases began to emerge. He was in the back of the end zone, and the coaches and i were somewhere right in here. Narrator todd ross is a certified athletic trainer who is at every football practice and game at the private school will james attends. He was on the field when will collapsed. He made it to about the fiveyard line. Picked him up, and we started to carry him towards that gate. We got him into the junior high locker room because it was the closest locker room. Since he was unconscious, we opted for putting him in the shower and dumping ice on him, after we had started to slow down his. Lower his body temperature. There should never, ever be a person die from exertional heatstroke, because its 100 survivable. Narrator doug casa is a leading expert on heatstroke. The key to surviving exertional heatstroke is what you do in the first five to ten minutes. You have to minimize the amount of time that the athlete is hyperthermic. It basically comes down to somewhere between around 105 to 106 degrees, how many minutes are you above this critical threshold for cell damage will impact whether the athlete lives or dies. Narrator thats what was at stake for Tyler Davenport on the field at lamar when he collapsed. Some of the kids got up and they hollered out, coach, somethings wrong with t. D. Narrator without an athletic trainer to respond, tylers coaches were left to manage on their own. We got his helmet and shoulder pads off, got cold towels and water on him. At that point, he kind of quit talking, so thats when we called the ambulance. And then, just covered him in cold towels and water, and waited for the ambulance to get there. Narrator as they waited, they tried to cool him down where he had fallen, on the practice field. Interviewer how long was he sitting on the field while you waited for the ambulance . Ten, 15 minutes after we made the phone call. It might have been less. It seemed like forever. When he got to the local e. R. , his temperature was measured at 108. 5, and they started maneuvers and getting fluid in him and cooling him off. But the die was already cast with that temp at 108. I just figured it was, you know, heat exhaustion, bad heat exhaustion. And it turned out to be a heat stroke. I mean, it just goes from not very good to real bad in a hurry. Coaches up there and the parents with the young man in lamar, they did all that they knew what to do, and they should be commended for their efforts. Unfortunately, there was more that a trained person could have done. Get him out of the heat immediately. Its real easy to sit and go, hindsights 20 20, but i think it was the critical step in the whole process. Interviewer whats your policy on Football Players practicing when its extremely hot in the summer . Well, we have no policy on that. We have. We have recommendations for schools to utilize. Narrator joey walters is the Deputy Director of the arkansas activities association, the small agency that oversees all High School Athletics in the state. We have recommendations in terms of when it would be dangerous to have practice, what to have out there at the practice field ice, water for. To cool the bodies down times for water breaks, times for them to have practices. Those are the things that we provide for our schools. Interviewer but nothing happens to them if they dont meet those guidelines . At this time, no, maam. Narrator like most other states, arkansas doesnt mandate that high schools have any athletic trainers on the football field. Only 15 of their schools do. You know, you look at the places you need it and, right now, thats a place that, you know, we can say, well, we. We can get by with having coaches. And so thats what. You know, thats what we do. We used to have the aid of a trainer, but we dont do that anymore. We. I mean, the. Theres really not money there. Its not statemandated, and a lot of schools just cant afford it. Its just another position thats got to come out of a tight budget already. We got it covered, we got it covered. Lets go, buddy. Come on. Narrator unlike college and the pros, High School Football has no National Agency with the power to enforce safety rules or policies. Critical decisions fall to those in charge on the sidelines. Lets go, keep it going. Theyre getting tired. Lets keep it going now. Narrator . Who are often under pressure to win. Get on him, lets go. The incentive structure is all wrong. The coaches are under intense pressure to win games. Its the only thing that they are judged by. cheers and applause so if you have a player with concussion symptoms, and you send him back into the game and he gets the second concussion which is always worse than the first theres no penalty for you as a coach for doing that. If you pull the kid out of the game and take away his helmet and say, you cant play again until youve been examined by a doctor, and you lose the game, there is a penalty for that. Watch your football. Watch your ball. Narrator even for those schools that have trainers and doctors on hand, game decisions are not always consistent. Make a play right here. Lets go. Loss of three on the play. Narrator when star shiloh running back Garrett Harper had his first concussion, it was in one of the most important games of his junior season, and at a time when there was less awareness of the dangers of concussions. crowd exclaims he was hit so hard he had to be helped off the field. But by the second half, he was cleared to go back into the game. The trainers and the doctors evaluated him and checked on him again at halftime, and said he could go back in and play. But anytime you see your child injured, you know, you. Youre nervous about that, and you want to be sure people are making the right decision and all. Garretts hurt. Garretts hurt. Narrator when garrett got his second concussion this year, shiloh was already far in the lead. His coaches and trainer decided to hold him out. Hes going to be fine, if we can just sit him this series. Okay. Wed kind of put the game away already, so we didnt really want to take any chances. We got together and we just said, hey, if the game gets tight again, then well put him back in there. But if not, then lets keep him out. Your hand, yeah. Going to get friendly. Narrator at schools like shiloh and trinity, the pressure to stay in the game affects the players, too. They teach us to play hard even when youre hurt. Its instilled in us since were in Junior High School that, you know, get back up. Its all right, you can go to the next play. Hand off to Garrett Harper. Garrett harper to the goal line, to the end zone. Thats a Shiloh Christian touchdown. Im not going to, like, think about what could happen, because theres so many things out there that everyone says, like, this could happen if you do that, you know . So, like, why. Why worry about that . Whenever you Start Playing the game you know that theres a chance you could get a concussion. whistle blows even if you do, its. Usually, its not life threatening or anything like that. It says it can shorten your life, but it wont shorten it, like, that much. And you only live once, so might as well have fun while youre living. Youre only 17 once. I mean, i have the rest of my life to worry about pain and. And stuff like that. I can only, you know, play football for so long. I might as well, you know, use the time i have and worry about the effects later. The games about toughness. And thats part of the bonding and thats part of the learning experience, particularly in the heat of a game, you know, when your friends are around you, and the games on the line. And you want to play, and you have a limited time to play and a limited football career. Giving that up, i just dont think thats what any competitive athlete really wants to do. cheers and applause narrator by december, shiloh was playing for their third state championship in as many years. cheers and applause their opponent was another private school with a winning Football Program, pulaski academy. Every hit is a kill shot tonight, man. Every hit is a kill shot. Narrator and on the field playing for pulaski was number 75, will james, who returned to the team just six weeks after his release from the hospital for heat stroke. cheers and applause common sense tells me, oh, gosh, dont let him get back out there. He could get hurt. But he has been given a great gift, another chance, another opportunity, and i cant not let him live his life. cheers and applause interviewer youre not scared of getting hurt . Ive already had an injury to my right knee about for the last three years but, you know, those are just injuries, they can heal up. Interviewer you want to play . More than anything. cheers and applause narrator shiloh won the game and took home the state title, cementing their status as the best team in their class in arkansas. Going to miss you seniors. Love you, guys. Narrator three of the seniors on the team are heading to Major Division one college Football Programs next year. So, what does the future hold for Garrett Harper . We dont know yet. Well see. Narrator running back Garrett Harper didnt get any big scholarship offers, but auburn, smu and arkansas have all invited him to try out for their Football Teams as a freshman. In the end, he chose auburn. cheers and applause Kiehl Frazier has made his choice, too. He will be vying for the starting quarterback position at auburn university, the top College Program in the country. applause he leaves to join his new team the day after graduation. Lets go, baby. cheers and applause yeah, whoo for ten years, fbi agent john oneil, who was obsessed with osama bin laden. He said that, were having a war with these people. He warned of the threat to the united states. They are here to hurt us. But fbi headquarters had stopped listening to him, so he took a new job as head of security at the world trade center. The night before he died, he said, were due for something big. The man who knew a frontline investigation. This report continues online with the news of more High School Football player deaths during practice this summer. Learn more about how players can protect themselves from heatstroke and head injuries. And take a closer look at how these athletes are marketed. And theres much more on frontlines website. Watch more than 100 full programs. Explore interactive timelines. And maps. Follow frontline on facebook and twitter or tell us what you think at pbs. Org. Frontline is made possible by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. And by the corporation for public broadcasting. Major funding is provided by the john d. 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