Begins with a single volunteer who can bring positive change to the lives of abused and neglected children Casa p.p.r. Dot org to learn more about volunteering this is Southern Colorado's n.p.r. Station k. Or c c k or c c h d Colorado Springs key e.c.c. Law into Starkville and k w c c f m Woodland Park. Is turning into one of those years where the hurricanes never seem to let up what has done and what can we expect now from w.a.m. You and n.p.r. In Washington this is. Their I'm Joshua Johnson today on one a hurricane Irma at least 10 people are dead after the record breaking storm made landfall in the Caribbean now Florida is getting ready for in this hour we'll take stock of what damage has already done check in on preparations in South Florida and consider what it might cost the nation to rebuild from Irma and from Harvard We'd love to hear from you leave us a voicemail 805-236-1818 e-mail one a. Comment on our Facebook page or tweet us at one at. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I'm Lakshmi saying the governor of Florida is activating thousands more National Guardsmen ahead of Hurricane Earl a Category 5 storm that could arrive by the weekend the entire state stands to be affected Governor Rick Scott is repeating one message over and over if you're an evacuation area do not wait to get out. You are not to be able to say people want to storm heads tens of thousands of people are evacuating people are seen cramming as much as they can into their cars hoping to minimize the losses they're likely to experience with a direct hit from Erma House speaker Paul Ryan says federal relief emergency reserves are at risk of drying up if Congress does not approve more money publications are being approved and the money is going out the door at such a faster pace than we've ever experienced before to the point where o.m.b. Is telling us Fema could run out of money as early as tomorrow and no later than Tuesday the damage from Harvey on the Gulf Coast alone was expected to top $180000000000.00 and now Irma's on the way as a catastrophic category 5 the top of ministration is expected to announce its plans for addressing the issue of campus sexual assault N.P.R.'s Tovia Smith reports officials have signaled they want significant changes to policies that were passed during the Obama administration some say the Obama administration went too far in efforts to get schools to take sexual assault seriously imposing new rules that are unfair to the accused a range of critics from the left and right say accused students lack basic due process protections like the right to question their accuser or witnesses and they say cases are decided on scant evidence education secretary Betsy devices called the system broken she says she wants to protect all students but victims advocates say there were a new policies will hold schools less accountable send the wrong message and ultimately make campuses law. That's safe to vs Smith n.p.r. News resident trams offering reassurances to so-called dreamers that they face no immediate threat of deportation N.P.R.'s Scott Horsley reports administration's phasing out Obama era protections for young people who are brought to the u.s. Illegally as children work permits and other protection offered to nearly 800000 young people will begin to expire in about 6 months President Trump tweeted for all of those that are concerned about your status during the 6 month period you have nothing to worry about the government he added is planning no action that week was evidently prompted by a conversation the president had with Democratic House leader Nancy Pelosi this morning because he told colleagues she urged the president to reassure dreamers they are Ok at least for now even after their work permits expire the administration says dreamers will be a low priority for deportation in the meantime Trump says he wants Congress to approve a more permanent fix Scott Horsley n.p.r. News the White House this is n.p.r. . The president's eldest son is answering questions from Senate committee staffers who are investigating the Russian interference in the election as well as possible collusion with the tram campaign Donald Trump Jr arrived on Capitol Hill the closed door interview with Senator to Sherry committee aides is expected to take hours from Junior was expected to be asked about a 2016 meeting involving him other central members of the campaign and a Russian lawyer. D.n.a. Tests on the remains of the surrealist pater's Salvador Dali show a woman who filed a paternity case is not his long lost daughter Lauren Frayer is in Madrid She says the artist body was just interrupt for his grave this summer for test Salvador Dali was buried in a quipped under the museum he designed in his home town fee get it it's a top tourist destination in Northeast Spain when he opened his tomb in July forensics experts found his body surprisingly intact down to his famous curled mustache d.n.a. Tests on his remains now prove pilaf is not Dolly's daughter she's a local Taro card reader who filed a paternity suit against his estate claiming her mother had an affair with the artist in the 1950 s. Dolly died childless in 1989 and left hundreds of millions of dollars to the Spanish government could have claimed part of that fortune for n.p.r. News I'm Lauren Frayer in Madrid at last check on Wall Street the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 43 points at 21764 now as that is up slightly at $6394.00 s. And P's off 3 a $2462.00 this is n.p.r. News support for n.p.r. Comes from n.p.r. Stations other contributors include math Naisi and it's a learning center franchisees committed to the idea that when kids understand math they enjoy it and do more of it leading to mastery there are 700 math amazing and learning centers locations at math amazing m. Dot com. Sustaining members can receive pre-sale in advance tickets meet and greets and giveaways check your inbox for the 91.5 k. Or c.c. Percolates. Support for the key r.c.c. Newsroom is provided in part by by Thera works relief more information available at their all works relief dot com go to k. Or c c dot org to sign up for our weekly newsletter for stories about Southern Colorado and more. This is one I'm Joshua Johnson in Washington hurricane Irma is making history and Atlanta excite clone with sustained winds of 185 miles per hour at least 10 people are dead after the storm hit the Caribbean one resident in the devastated island of bar beauty says she was lucky to make it out alive my whole host caved in and do a 7. Hour we had to do a separate. It was like it was sucking us barbecued as prime minister Gaston Brown says the island is essentially destroyed I would say that about 95 percent of the properties would have suffered some level of damage some properties have been totally demolished it is absolutely heart wrenching Bob you know is barely habitable last night the eye of the past just north of Puerto Rico and that is where we find Karl a minute the executive director of the Center for Investigative Journalism in Puerto Rico she joins us from the town of Cedar in the center of the island Carla welcome to want to. Move us everybody describe to us what you experienced when Hurricane Arma passed by last night. A lot so when. Have we seen. Lots of rain continues rain. Still. Some poor ing right now. There have been $8.00 to $12.00 inches of rain in some areas. And very heavy winds what's happening right now can you paint us a picture of what you're seeing now. After just storm the speaker was faced from the core. Of it we could have avoided going to the right we're going to try to reconnect with Karl a minute as we continue our conversation about hurricane Irma clearly communications is one of the many systems in the Caribbean that are affected but we would love to hear from you to our lines of communication are wide open especially to those of you who may have been dealing with hurricane Irma and those of you in Florida particularly South Florida who are dealing with it's with the preparations for Hurricane Irma We love you to leave us a voicemail give us a call tell us what you're experiencing 855236118 that's 855-236-1212 Also if you have questions about Hurricane Irma in general how we're going to handle it as a nation and how we intend to pay for the damage from these storms we also welcome back as well we'll get to that part of the conversation later in our hour but feel free to e-mail us one day at dot org comment on our Facebook page or tweet us at one a call a minute I understand we have you back on the line why don't you describe for us what kind of damage Puerto Rico is dealing with after hurricane Irma Yes there are lots of trees in the floor right now lots of debris everywhere many trees are obstructing the public roads electricity post or Also laying on the floor. And being small I swear. Some of the places with the most damaged. Homes lost their roofs. You know. Places where ships are stored just. A lot of damage. So we are starting right now you know to get creased out up the street to be able to move. On our road cars you know where how you know were. Places so guys who are we are is there any word of any deaths in Puerto Rico. The is there up in 5 this previews on during the storm before and sky and so. Accidents so we account right now for 5 people that we're speaking to call a minute the executive director of the Center for Investigative Journalism in Puerto Rico also joining us from The Washington Post is Angela Fritz and atmospheric scientist and the deputy weather editor for The Post and for the Capital Weather Gang Angela welcome to the program Hi Good to be here give us a sense of the scale of this storm people keep talking about how record breaking it is how dramatic it is can you clarify that for us a little bit just how significant is or I'm sure well I can say that it's the most significant hurricane I've seen in the Atlantic since Hurricane Wilma in 2005 and we all remember that season it was the same season as Katrina and yet this this storm raced maximum winds of 185 miles an hour that is the strongest hurricane that we know of outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean you know in the Atlantic Ocean so this this is the most powerful hurricane we've seen in a long time and unfortunately you know the track is it is plowing through these islands and is also now heading toward the u.s. And the number that 185 miles per hour that people keep mentioning that's just the sustained winds the gusts as I understand it have been much much stronger yes they can get stronger and that's something that you have to keep in mind is imagine a sustained wind of 185 miles an hour it's like a truck hitting you what about the impact of in different parts of the Caribbean we've seen the damage in Barb you know we're hearing from. Harlow about the damage in Puerto Rico How did Irma change as it made its way through the Caribbean. You know fortunately and unfortunately it stayed pretty much the same in intensity so it was it was easy to communicate the level of catastrophe that these islands are going to experience unfortunately you know the people of Puerto Rico and the people of Barbuda and. They are not able to evacuate like we are able to evacuate necessarily And so if they're they have to kind of endure this but from from a communication standpoint we were lucky in the sense that it was as strong as it was going to get we knew that the threat was very high and we were able to relay that information call a minute let me ask you a little bit more about Puerto Rico how to talk about some of the preparations that Puerto Rico engaged in before struck How prepared was the territory for this storm. When we were I would say as for the year for us we could be. Causing you know. An economic crisis for the last 10 years. And you know this has affected of course government services. This has caused lots of migration. And all of these things put together. When a mom was just announced everybody was looking at. You know everyone like saying. Could this be worse now so. Electricity. Is the worst port. Right now we have more than a 1000000 people without electricity. So what does a consequence of. Lots of few years of not being able to maintain the electricity lines and the power electric service. Conditions so I would say we were as ready as we could given the situation we have right now with lots of austerity measures being taken by the government and a control Ward imposed by the. 'd call you have a piece of perspective piece that was just published this morning in The Washington Post kind of describing how Puerto Rico's economic woes have made the preparations for Hurricane Irma far more difficult I imagine Carla that there would also make the cleanup the recovery harder as well or do you have any kind of hope that maybe the u.s. Government will just shut all the kind of aid that Puerto Rico Puerto Rico needs quickly. The federal government by now has stood up they have been. Approving different kinds of aid. From the health department and Seema. So I think money will start coming in but. On the longer term I think we really need to use this experience in order to think really what is the the economic sustainable development plan we want to the contrary because when this kind of natural disaster economy been. It looks like. We have not nothing to do about it and we do. So I think the recovery is going to be slow especially in the electricity sector. The government has said that it could take 2 months 4 months to recover. Strike. Other than that I think that people are in the streets community you know I recently learned and are trying to do their best I think will come out of it. It will not be the very last. People that have left their homes there are lots of. Places in but the city very now with the migration so we have to take care of it and have a solution for it so we have to work on it yeah I hear that that's Carloman at the executive director of the Center for Investigative Journalism in Puerto Rico Carla thanks for talking to us thank you I should note that we did have a conversation back in June about Puerto Rico and its future if you search on our website just search Puerto Rico you'll find it we call the conversation the 51st state you'll find that on our website the 18 dot org That's the word the number one the letter a dot org plenty more to discuss with regard to hurricane army including a question from Collin in Raleigh North Carolina who wants to know more about how this might influence reallocations of congressional dollars toward relief and future emergency response Collen we have an expert whose whole focus is on the economy of disaster and we'll hear from him I'll put your question to him as this conversation goes on I'm Joshua Johnson You're listening to one. And n.p.r. . On the next fresh air so many friends from college have become successful the new film Brad status stars Ben Stiller as someone overcome by corrosive jealousy of old college friends who are more successful than he is I'll talk with the film's writer and director Mike White who also wrote the film School of Rock and created the h.b.o. Series Enlightened join us. Fresh air today at noon a 91.5 k. R.c.c. Southern Colorado's n.p.r. Station. The man in Washington who's been the unofficial authority on what's junk food started life just like the rest of us you know I'm a kid from Chicago so hot dogs on the white blonde with relish that's where you eat how he reshaped Americans' food habits during the last 40 years plus cleaning up after Harvey and bracing for this afternoon on All Things Considered from n.p.r. . 3 30 pm by this is car this is just side Johnson from the head in the heart says John Spencer going to lose explosion listen to 91.5 k. R.c.c. 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This is one I'm Joshua Johnson we're discussing hurricane with Angela Fritz an atmospheric scientist and the deputy weather editor for The Washington Post Still to come we will discuss the economy of disaster and how much these big storms cost us Irma Harvey and whatever else hurricane season may bring We would love to hear your stories as well how are you preparing for Irma if you're listening to us on any of the many public radio stations in the state of Florida what are her courage or preparations like for you we know there have been some challenges with getting supplies Governor Rick Scott spoke this morning about some of the work that's being done to make sure that you get what you need Where do things stand for you right now tell us your story leave us a voicemail that line is open 855-236-1818 we will share some of your messages during this hour as 855-236-1212 comment on our Facebook page tweet us at one or e-mail one at w dot org And Angela before we continue one e-mail we got about the Caribbean maybe you can help with Elaine emailed to say that she has not heard much about how the storms have affected Cuba Wow Is Cuba doing what do we know about the rest of the Caribbean in Irma's path right well a Cuba still in the past that hasn't raced Cuba yet right you know as of Thursday morning it was just north of Hispanic which includes the Dominican Republic and Haiti and so the that is obviously. An area that does not have the best infrastructure it is still recovering from their catastrophic earthquake and so and in particular this path is interesting because it may produce some intense flooding on the north side of the island which which is not necessarily used to a hurricane passing. It's north Usually these things come up through the Caribbean and then hit from the south side this might be a little bit unfamiliar to them and so we will be watching that carefully to you it's worth noting the latest advisory from the National Hurricane Center puts a hurricane watch in effect for parts of Cuba and a tropical storm warning in effect for other parts of the island nation let's add to the conversation would go back to South Florida now joining us from w.l. Our in public radio in Miami is reporter Kate Stein she has been following how Floridians are preparing for Hurricane Arma Kate welcome to wanting Thanks for having me Joshua there's one message seems that Governor Rick Scott has been reiterating in every interview in every emergency operation center briefing including the one this morning here is him restating that message on Good Morning America that's all remember we can rebuild your home we can rebuild your life take care of your prepare and take your family be aggressive we are at the state level that was Florida Governor Rick Scott case study what kind of aggressive precautions is he suggesting it seems like he's concerned that people just won't take this seriously well he's really pushing for people to evacuate early and evacuate in a lot of cases that means now here in Miami we have a vacuum in orders in fact for a couple of zones along the coast and be zones and people are being asked to leave if they haven't already done so it's not a mandatory evacuation in the sense that you won't be dragged out of your home but if hurricane force tropical storm force winds go start start to happen in that area then people may not have access to emergency services and so that's what the governor means when he says you know you need to get out now we can't replace your lives you talk a little bit more about the evacuations people living in the Keys Obviously everyone has been asked to evacuate Miami Dade County I believe began evacuating people with special needs yesterday so the evacuation seemed to. I've gone in stages where does that stand more broadly across Florida. Some other counties have started evacuating as well I think provide County I saw an order for this morning I believe it was provided and right now people are definitely heading inland and head in North have a lot of friends and sources that I've talked with who are heading you know toward Atlanta just because there's so much uncertainty about this storm and because it's so enormous people are really being encouraged and I think feeling like it's urgent to leave Florida at this point if they can if they have the resources to do that you know we've been hearing more about evacuation zones in Florida and it's worth noting that not all of south Florida is in an evacuation zone at all are is that changing the way that people view the thought process behind getting out are officials just asking everybody to leave or are they asking people in specific areas specific zones to leave officials are definitely not asking everyone in Florida to leave it's targeted to specific sounds like you said the keys people had to evacuate yesterday the. In Miami Beach areas up in Broward are being people are being asked to leave but they aren't being told to leave South Florida entirely now they're being told to move move inland go into a shelter if need be if you can stay with friends or family Michelle wrote on our Facebook page I live in North Port Florida about 30 miles north of Charlotte Harbor which is north of South Florida which was directly hit in 2004 by the Category 4 Hurricane Charley I was not here for that storm I have lived in Florida 26 years and have never prepped as much as I am prepping for this storm we boarded our house up and are hunkering down this is a 1st for me nervous for sure my husband built the house literally from the ground up and it is built to code and then some Angela Fritz the forecast for Florida has the potential to change quite a bit between today. Potentially Saturday Sunday but what does it look like right now. Right at this very moment you know I'd say that the counties from Miami Dade Broward and Palm Beach those are the counties I'm most worried about right now we were focused on the keys a little bit earlier this week and fortunately for them the track has shifted a bit to the east so it looks like they will be spared the worst but now I'm really focused on that very heavily populated area of southeast Florida along the coast. Where we could be looking at a major hurricane category 3 or 4 making landfall on or at least brushing very close to a depth an area that has just completely ballooned in population on since Hurricane Andrew in 1902 Yeah when the hurricane kind of moved east it looked like the the west side of the eye wall might kind of work its way up the I 95 corridor Miami Fort Lauderdale West Palm Beach Port St Lucie and so on and it should be noted though that that we cannot predict at this point exactly where that will happen on the global forecast models work on it on a global scale and so shifts of 100 miles is a drop in the bucket for them and so so where the eye actually goes is still very much in question which is why we asked people to look at that cone in the track and really anywhere within that cone could have the I pass over them if that makes sense they died and a few years ago the National Hurricane Center remember they used to draw a line and they decided to get rid of the line because right people ignored everything but that line and they turned it into a cone for a very good reason Angela what about Irma versus Harvey how white those differ in terms of their size their strength their path their damage it is this is a year that is just. And giant example of how every single storm is different Harvey was a catastrophe because it did not move out of Texas it stayed over southeast Texas 4 days on this could be a catastrophe for Southeast Florida not because it's going to stay there for days but because it is a large storm with extremely powerful winds hitting a major population center in the u.s. And so there there are threats in different ways but I think the overall magnitude is the same. Bill who's in Florida writes on Facebook we haven't recovered from Matthew involution and Flagler County as there are still blue tarps on homes awaiting roofers dunes along the ocean highway are falling down to the beach below leaving big chasms right up to the edge of the roadway we're not ready for are my teeth stunted you talk about that kind of hurricane on hurricane affect that's kind of what made South Florida so miserable after Hurricane Rita Wilma came right behind it and all the debris got kicked around what is Florida looking at right now in terms of preparation especially after storms like Matthew. Well I wasn't here for remarks Rita sorry or Wilma but after storms like Matthew I think there was a fear that because Matthew didn't really hit you know the this was projected people there was a lot of concern that it would hit sort of the major population centers you know Miami Fort Lauderdale all the way up to West Palm Beach and beyond and at least in south Florida where I'm based that really didn't happen but people prepared as if you know it was a really big threat and there was concern that there would be sort of hurricane fatigue I think it initially going into this storm because people you know nothing happened nothing nothing major happened in this area following Matthew but I've been really encouraged I think county officials here have been really encouraged to see that people are taking this hurricane very seriously you know a lot of people have left as a staying before the stores are selling out of water and gas and people I think have gotten the message that it's time to hunker down you know get your 3 days worth of nonperishable goods or get out if you can Kate what about infrastructure damage not only roads and bridges and so forth but there's a ton of construction equipment up and down the South Florida coast is that going to be ready for a potentially Category 4 hurricane Yeah that's huge I was just looking I think yesterday on Twitter Miami Dade County was posting about the construction cranes that are being used downtown to build new high rises and there's just not time to take those down so people who live in the high rise buildings that are near cranes and you know facing the winds that we are potentially going to face they've been encouraged to leave because of the threat of these cranes you know not being able to be dismantled in time and there's concern that pieces could be falling. We're speaking to Kate Stein a reporter with w l r And public radio in Miami and also Angela Fritz the atmospheric scientist and Deputy weather editor for The Washington Post and the Capital Weather Gang we welcome more of your questions and comments about hurricane as well e-mail one a a w am you dot org comment on our Facebook page tweet us at one a and if you are in Florida making preparations for more we'd love to hear from you as well feel free to tell us your story by voicemail 855-236-1818 we're monitoring that line and we will play some of your messages from our inbox before the hour is out I'm Joshua Johnson You're listening to $18.00. Richard tweeted please talk about the British Virgin Islands the pictures show devastation we hope to hear soon from our daughter and others who live there Angela Fritz Do you know anything about the British Virgin Islands or can you give us a sense of where in the Caribbean that is is that closer to some of the areas that have seen the worst of the devastation so far yeah yeah unfortunately that is some of the areas that have seen some of the worst damage if you can imagine the way that Cuba has spaniel and Puerto Rico lined up those are kind of our big islands in the Caribbean that we think of as the creator Antilles the British Virgin Islands and and their partner the u.s. Virgin Islands are just to the east of Puerto Rico and so as this storm came over and over and and and and and then moved on to Puerto Rico the British Virgin Islands saw the storm passed just north of it as well and the last I heard last night I saw a wind gust report of around 130 miles per hour in those islands to the northeast of Puerto Rico so they definitely endured one of their worst storms I have not personally seen on the ground reports from those locations so Granny Sue tweeted My son is in Miami and plans to ride out in his apartment Most neighbors are doing the same prepared as they can be but I am still worried teached on what about that what are you hearing from people who are preparing to just stay in south Florida and ride this out. The people I think people who are deciding to stay it's kind of a question of resources so if you're someone who has the means to stock up on hurricane supplies and you know can afford to board up your windows or wait in line at Home Depot to get pile wood or things like that then those people they're hunkered down and you know they're going to ride out the storm and hopefully be Ok . The populations that are a little I think more at risk are a lot more at risk potentially are sort of the working poor in Miami's a couple of predominantly black you know. Neighborhoods here where people don't necessarily have the resources to stock up on food or to fuel their cars or to take time off work from to do a lot of preparation. In particular you know it's the start of the month so people may have just paid their rent and I think there's also kind of a lack of trust in some of these communities that the government will be able to you know if they call the 311 if they call the 311 line will the government be able to step in and help them people here look back to Katrina. In these communities and think you know that the federal government in particular didn't necessarily come through for people in New Orleans is the same thing going to happen to us and I think that's a really big fear among some communities here Bobby wrote on our Facebook page as both coasts prepare the question from the West Coast is what makes a hurricane's path how do they predict they were fairly wrong with Charley and with 2 other systems affecting the currents it's hard to have faith in the paths they are predicting Angelot what goes into predicting a hurricane's path. A a Globe's worth of weather data I mean just just as much data that we can possibly get we know the equations of the atmosphere. The air the weather is fluid dynamics and we have equations to model what it will do to a certain extent and so we we pile all of the data that we possibly can into these models and we say Alright put this in your equations and help us predict the future basically the fact that we know what's going to happen with this hurricane over the next 3 days I think is. I mean it's incredible. That we that we don't know exactly where it will be in 5 days but we can tell you you know within 200 miles where the eye will be that's incredible too. It's these are high impact events and everybody wants to know exactly where it's going to be and when. These forecasts are so advanced as advanced as they can be that's why we we want everyone to focus on the fact that there is uncertainty you have a very high risk of a high impact storm in that cone of uncertainty right and hopefully as computers get better as our weather data gets better our models will get better too and briefly Angela I know we got to let you go in a 2nd based on the models we have now briefly does it look like this storm might jog further to the east possibly missing Florida either altogether or missing it a little bit more briefly sure that is absolutely a possibility and it's something we cannot rule out but I want everyone to be prepared for landfall for sure and that's Angela Fritz atmospheric scientist and Deputy weather editor for The Washington Post and the Capital Weather Gang Angela thanks for talking to us thanks for having me still to come we'll continue our conversation with w l r n reporter Kate Stein will talk about the dollars behind disaster how we can prepare to pay for these storms also we should note Florida Governor Rick Scott in his briefing has said that Florida is in desperate need of volunteers more than 6800 signed up in the last day but 17000 are needed so if you're in Florida if you'd like to help out with the recovery covering efforts go to volunteer Florida dot org that's volunteer Florida dot o.r. 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Back now to our conversation about hurricane Irma with Kate Stein a reporter with w l r And public radio in Miami before we bring in our next guest to the conversation Kate let me put one more question to you about what's going on in Florida Kevin asks What about the large number of homeless that live in Florida how are different local governments informing those without access to internet or cable about the dangers Kate well so I think there's been a lot of outreach Mino with police officers and other personnel from the county in the cities here going up to homeless people on the streets approaching them and saying you know this storm is coming we really need you to get off the streets and actually my coworker reported yesterday on how some. Some some municipalities here I believe it is Miami Dade I'm going to use what's the Baker Act which is. A way that you can. Basically bring people off the streets it's generally used for people who are having some sort of mental health crisis but at this in this particular situation the government is so adamant that people need to not be out in this storm that they're going to. Remove homeless people from the streets and take them to shelters or other safe places because there's so much concern about this you know certainly there are a lot of people not only concerned about the homeless but also concern for people of all walks of life up and down the state of Florida including this listener from Florida who left a message in our inbox Hello my name is Fernando and like crying I'm calling from Miami Florida the preparations are done all my neighbors are boarded up the shutters are reply would be trash has been. You know in essence basically all the preparation. I'm not worried about or I'm worried about yeah I'm worried about no electricity for a week maybe even 2 weeks I'm worried about the desperation line I'm worried about out of our local supermarket. Public aspirations of people trying to get in the last minute food I'm worried about their moving prey on the weak and of course. You know scared about basically everything else that could happen. To the store Fernando thanks for calling in and Kate I think Fernando makes a good point I mean I remember after Hurricane Wilma when I worked at w.r. And it was a nightmare I didn't have powerful like a month and the aftermath is really where most people if any fatalities are going to occur at least in the u.s. That's where they're going to happen how are officials in South Florida preparing for the aftermath of Arma right well it's interesting the bottom because. Like you said there is a huge problem with power being out and being out for weeks and in the aftermath of that storm and one thing that officials have done with Florida Power and Light which is one of the major utility providers here they've really make make they've really worked hard to make sure that they harden interest after they put something like a $1000000000.00 into making sure that there aren't the same sorts of issues with debris taking out power lines and things like that that really contributed to those problems during Wilma in terms of what's being done aside from utilities I think that governments here of asked people to be prepared to be self-sustaining for $3.00 to $5.00 days after the storm you know have your have your gallon of water per person and have enough food to get by for a little while because they're just it's really unclear what's going to happen here Jim emailed us it's about time that the politicians step up and remind the American public that if you want to new car you must pay for it and in this instance restoration of infrastructure is represented by the new car if the politicians would simply raise taxes one to 2 percent would have money to spend on what we all need to include infrastructure damaged by the hurricanes not $1.00 to relish extra taxes however. I need to cross the bridge every day to get to work if no one repairs the bridge I'm outta luck step up America don't let us become the next Greece interesting you raise that point Jim about how we pay to not only protect ourselves from disaster but also to recover and those are great questions to put to Professor Kevin Simmons he teaches economics at Austin College in Sherman Texas and he joins us now Professor Simmons welcome to one day thank you so when a disaster happens who pays for the aftermath how does that break down well the initial response is borne by the local and state governments so they are going to bear a new Sholay that cost if the disaster is declared to be a federal disaster then the federal government steps in with monetary resources that ultimately will bear the bulk of the costs but we have to remember that when something happens as quickly as some of these disasters do happen it's incumbent upon the local officials to be able to have the resources that they need to really be able to respond very quickly what about individuals how much of the responsibility is borne by d.m. Freed a homeowner a resident versus their city county state governments well to the extent that they have insurance obviously the insurance is going to ultimately pay the cost although there will be a lag in receiving payment but the thing that concerns me as we look at Harvey particularly because that was such a dramatic flooding event is that a lot of the people that were affected by Harvey did not have flood insurance so some of those people are going to be expected to bear the majority of the cost when they're when they're trying to rebuild their lives you know we also have been talking about the National Flood Insurance. Graham on on this program and some of the problems with that how does the how did the problems with the National Flood Insurance Program factor into all of this well the National Flood Insurance program was set up because private insurers were unwilling to insure against the risk of flood like or same so it's a it's a government program managed by steam and the idea is that if you live in a and in an area the Divine are able to flood say within a 100 year flood flood zone that you would have the ability to purchase insurance that will protect you now the problem is that almost from its inception the National Flood Insurance set rates below the rates they should have been set at if they were going to cover the risk that they were they were trying to deal with but on top of that the flood maps and cells have not been updated in so long that we've we've got people who think they're living in a safe area but really they're living in what we should consider a flood vulnerable zone how often are those maps supposed to be redrawn Well you know they had it's been 2030 years before we've since we've revisited those and I think one of the reasons that Fema is reluctant to aggressively take those maps is because you're going to have to go to people and say well we're going to charge you more now because we now realize that there's more risk here than we thought so it's it's it's a question of trying to. Just not give people that kind of bad news the reluctance on the part of public officials to deliver that kind of bad news well and that kind of gets you going take if you don't mind the generator has . The flood insurance maps in south Florida are in the process of being updated over the past I think 10 years or so in Broward Palm Beach Miami Dade they've all been working on those updates so I. I would say that you know people are aware that this is changing and you know there may be some initial resistance to it because it is you know it can mean higher higher insurance payments for people in some communities here but I think that it's also part of at least in south Florida it's part of what is perceived as necessary to deal with what we're seeing in terms of you know climate change and you know rising seas and things like these hurricanes that we're now having to deal with all of that I think is influencing people's thinking down here and maybe making them at least a little more understanding of why they're being asked to pay could we also Professor Simmons kind of reality check Jim's e-mail where he wrote If the politicians would simply raise taxes one to 2 percent we would have money to spend on what we all need to include infrastructure damaged by the hurricanes I can hear a fiscal conservative saying no that's just throwing money at a problem and that's not enough what all would go into what Jim is talking about is just a matter of raising enough money to build a levee wall at the Houston ship channel or to help make homes more storm resistant in Florida and the Gulf Coast or is there more to the fix than money. Well there is more to the fix than money but Jim has got a valid point that we have been reluctant over you know this recent years to come up with the funding necessary to be proactive about things. And you know you just don't hear much talk or you don't hear enough talk about the value of that Ansa prevention that is necessary when you're when you're addressing these kinds of issues but I will say this also not every preventive measure is a cost directly to the government let me give you a good example what happened in Ft in Florida after Hurricane Andrew was that they adopted a much more rigorous statewide building code now the direct cost of this is not from the government per se although they do have to increase their inspectors and this kind of regimen but the direct cost is passed on to the people who are building and purchasing those homes we've got a study that has just been accepted for publication that shows that that was actually a very wise use of money in the 10 years after the enactment of the Florida building code they had several wind storms including Hurricane Charley Hurricane Wilma and we have shown that the reduction in damage for the homes that were built to the new code compared to the older homes returns a benefit to cost ratio of about 6 dollars and reduce damage for every dollar an increased cost I'm Joshua Johnson You're listening to $1.00 a. Tina in Mt Rainier Maryland wants to know about how scientists view recovery efforts Tina writes Should we insist that rebuilding should be restricted to a minimum of 20 miles from the coasts live on the coasts at your own risk the seas are rising and at one point there will be a point of no return to many folks at risk on the coasts Professor Simmons I wonder what you think of that especially because people living within 20 miles of a coast include some of the nation's biggest cities like New York for example and so I'm not sure we want to tell people after Sandy sorry you're going to have to relocate to Allentown or somewhere in England or Jersey but what about backing up from the coast as we think about the economy a future disasters Well I I understand where the question is related to and it's not practical to be as abrupt as that for the reasons that you've just alluded to but the spirit of that question I think has some some relevance that we can sure take wisdom from there and now I'm more familiar with Texas I'm not familiar with Florida so I'm going to be speaking more about what's happening Harvey then I would be what's happening in Florida right now but Houston has been growing so rapidly over the last 20 or 30 years that they have allowed development in places that frankly they should have been cautious about allowing development to occur there now that really puts a big tension because if you've got a plot of land that somebody owns they want to get the most but they want to get the highest and best use of that land so if you make a regulation that says look this land is unsuitable for development because the likelihood of flooding is so high you're going to have a political tug of war going on there in regards to that but I do think and I do hope that the magnitude of these events is going to cause. This to kind of take a step back and try to appreciate how bad these things can be I'm heartened to hear that in Florida that seems to have changed people's viewpoints about the use of land and that sort of thing I'm hopeful the same thing happens in Texas let me get to a few more of your comments before our time is up Carolyn emailed please don't forget about states other than Florida the low country of South Carolina is looking at the storm hitting them and they need to prepare and have services ready for them as well they were hit hard by hurricane Matthew last year and many still haven't fully recovered Ginger tweeted a serious so to resident We're on our way to Georgia we considered staying but scarcity of resources is a real no gas or wood or sandbags left and Scott in Durham North Carolina tweeted don't know if we'll get hit by our I want to prep but rushing to get water gas food may create a shortage how do we balance Kate How we doing in terms of people just having the resources they need to prepare briefly I think it's a little bit mixed I would say that you know I was in a public supermarket this morning and definitely the lines to die and die down from the last time I was there there still wasn't a lot of water I mean that and I don't think there was any water there are some power like some sports drinks. And I think that overall things have people have sort of got a plan in place either they've left or they've been able to stock up on food and other things that you need to prepare for Hurricane but again it's it comes down to a question of resources I think and if you're someone who is living on a fixed income it can be a lot harder to prepare I will say it is worth noting that there are some people who are making the most of the hurricane just figuring out what their plans are going to be to stick it out including this listener who left a message on our inbox Hi My name is Karen from Jacksonville Florida contemplating Irma this morning and we have decided to stay even if it is a category 3 I do have to probably take my dad who is on oxygen out of his resignation. Move him has recliner and dog from my hell where we will all go through the storm together. We're sort of used to this then Mark you gave us the great props last year. We'll have cocktails during and after the storm Karen thanks for calling in Enjoy those cocktails in moderation of course one last question for you Professor Simmons College in Raleigh North Carolina did ask how this might influence reallocations of congressional dollars toward relief and future emergency response policy what do you see coming down the pike from Capitol Hill potentially as it relates to preparing for the next Harvey or the next Arma before at a time well I sure hope that we can have a little bit of foresight as we're as we're addressing future crises and then we can start putting money aside on a annualized basis kind of like a savings account if you will that will allow us to have the funds available when they're there but realistically I don't expect that to happen I mean politicians seem to be focused so much on the short term that it is unlikely that they can see down the road when it comes to that but today in their defense the scope and the magnitude of these events is increasing over time now I'm not a scientist so I'm not going to wade into the climate change debate but you don't even have to have that element to see that the cost gets more expensive as we go along for instance in Florida the population is much denser population in south Florida today than it was 25 years ago when Hurricane Andrew occurred right so you can expect that the cost is going to be more simply from that that's how it is our products are press I hate to cut you short but we're out of time that's Professor Kevin Simmons teaches economics at Austin College Professor thanks for talking to us thank you and reporter Kate Stein of w l r n Public Radio in Miami thank you Kate thanks for having me this program comes to you from w.a.m. New part of American University in Washington distributed by. N.p.r. I'm Joshua Johnson thanks for listening and please stay safe this is one end. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from home instead senior care offering a team to support families and their seniors with a range of individual ised in home senior care services including bathing cooking and medication reminders home instead dot com slash n.p.r. From c 3 i.o.t. Providing a software platform that brings artificial intelligence big data cloud computing and Io t. To industrial scale digital transformations learn more at c 3 i.o.t. Dot com and from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting it has been a stormy week politically for the president and for millions in the southeast who are getting ready for a major hurricane those people in that line are in our thoughts and our prayers we look ahead at Ferma look back at Dhaka and consider whether the Red Sox have been looking too much at their Apple watches the Friday news round up next one and. It is so easy to get buried underneath daily headlines to miss the nuance of what's going on and why what does not fund a top priority growth remain solid wages are rising and of the status quo establishment with each story we take the time to ask another question to give you the background to make sure you know the answer to why stand with the facts listen to Morning Edition everyday weekdays beginning at 5 am programming on 91.5 k. Or c. C. Is supported by elevation beer company celebrating 5 years of offering a variety of brews for the craft beer and our.
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