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IMAGE: Monkey being examined in Manaus area. Scientists will monitor areas in which these diseases are endemic to investigate the factors that trigger outbreaks view more
Credit: CREATE-NEO
By Maria Fernanda Ziegler | Agência FAPESP – Yellow fever was the first human disease to have a licensed vaccine and has long been considered important to an understanding of how epidemics happen and should be combated. It was introduced to the Americas in the seventeenth century, and high death rates have resulted from successive outbreaks since then. Epidemics of yellow fever were associated with the slave trade, the US gold rush and settlement of the Old West, the Haitian Revolution, and construction of the Panama Canal, to cite only a few examples.
NIH Flooded Massachusetts with Research Grants in 2020 biospace.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from biospace.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.
Coronavirus variants emerging from the southern hemisphere can weaken the most powerful vaccines but people should still have the shots to guard against severe disease, according to researchers. In a non-peer-reviewed study published last week, a team in Boston found a drop in the amount of the mutated South Africa strain neutralised by antibodies induced by the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines of between 75 and 97-fold. The drop was 13-fold.
Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)
Following total RNA extraction using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen), cDNA was synthesized using Mir-X miRNA First-Strand Synthesis Kit (Takara Holdings Inc., Kyoto, Japan) with extracted total RNA (2 μg). The miRNA expression was measured by qPCR with SYBR Advantage qPCR Premix (Takara) on CFX133a Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Relative expression was determined with a U6 control through the 2
−ΔΔCt method. The primers used are depicted in Table 1.
Table 1 Primer Sequences
Cell Culture, Transfection and Infection
Human lung cancer cell lines, including H522, H460, SK-MES-1, and A549, and a human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, were from the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). Cell lines H522, H460, and A549 were cultivated in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific), while SK-MES-1 cells were in minimal medium (Gib
Acid reflux disease which also causes heartburn symptoms is linked with higher risks of various cancers of the larynx (or voice box) and esophagus, suggests new research.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid flows back .