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The topic of coordination between monetary and fiscal policy has become the focus of policy discussion in recent years (Draghi 2014, Lagarde 2020, Schnabel 2021). One reason is that there is limited space for traditional monetary policy based on steering the short-term interest rate when the latter is at (or close to) the effective lower bound (ELB). Many recent papers have advocated mechanisms to implement a coherent a monetary-fiscal policy mix (see, for example, the policy report by Barsch et al. 2021). Empirically, there is limited knowledge about how the combination of monetary and fiscal policy affects inflation. This is a complex topic since there are multiple channels of interaction. Monetary policy, by affecting interest rates, output, and inflation, has an impact on the government’s budget constraint. The response of fiscal authorities via the adjustment of the primary deficit depends on the fiscal framework or the stabilisation objectives of fiscal authorities. The effe

United statesIsabel schnabelChristine lagardeMario draghiEuropean monetary unionEuropean central bankForum on central bankingNational bureau of economic researchNominal returnsPrimary surplusEuro areaGlobal crisisSign restrictionsAmerican economic reviewHow monetaryFiscal policies can work