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Circular economy: a question of design Kai Bethke and Stephan Sicars on the circular economy answer to looming resource scarcity and an overwhelming production of waste 21 Feb 2021 in October 2019 Our current linear “take, make, dispose” economic system depends on a permanent throughput of materials that are extracted, traded and processed into goods, then sold and used, and finally disposed of as waste or emissions. According to the latest report of the International Resources Panel, between 1970 and 2017, the annual global extraction of materials tripled, growing from 27 billion tonnes to 92 billion tonnes. The use of metal ores has grown on average by 2.7% per year since 1970, while the use of non-metallic minerals, mainly sand, gravel and clay, has increased from nine billion tonnes in 1970 to 44 billion tonnes in 2017.

Stephan sicarsKai bethkeInternational resources panelUnited nations industrial development organizationLancet commissionEllen macarthur foundationMaterial resources outlookகை பெத்கேசர்வதேச வளங்கள் குழுஒன்றுபட்டது நாடுகள் தொழில்துறை வளர்ச்சி ஆர்கநைஸேஶந்எல்லன் மாகார்த்தூர் அடித்தளம்பொருள் வளங்கள் ஔட்‌லுக்