The Kashmir conflict
July 19, 2021
Since the 1950s, there hasn’t been any definitive plan of action to resolve the Kashmir issue. In the 1960s, the then ruler, Ayub Khan, decided to ignore China’s advice to intervene and liberate Indian Occupied Kashmir, at the height of the China-India dispute. He chose to listen to the US and the UK with whom the country had defense pacts like the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (Seato), the Central Treaty Organization (Cento), etc. Later, Ziaul Haq preferred to focus on the Afghan proxy war, and during his 11-year-long rule, the Kashmir dispute remained ignored. Pervez Musharraf did the same. It was only during the tenure of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto that the Pakistan government focused on the Kashmir issue with zeal. Other governments have made some efforts to resolve this issue, but they couldn’t pay as much attention as the issue deserved.
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On July 15, 1960, in Los Angeles, John F. Kennedy accepted the Democratic nomination for president. He said:
I stand tonight facing west on what was once the last frontier. From the lands that stretch three thousand miles behind me, the pioneers of old gave up their safety, their comfort and sometimes their lives to build a new world here in the West.… They were determined to make that new world strong and free…to conquer the enemies that threatened from without and within. Today some would say that those struggles are all over…that there is no longer an American frontier.… But I trust that no one in this vast assemblage will agree with those sentiments. For