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IMAGE: Michael Grätzel, winner of the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Basic Sciences. view more
Credit: BBVA FOUNDATION
The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Basic Sciences category has gone in this thirteenth edition to Paul Alivisatos (University of California, Berkeley, United States) and Michael Grätzel (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland) for their fundamental contributions to the development of new nanomaterials already in use for the production of renewable energies and in latest-generation electronics. Grätzel s groundbreaking work includes the invention of a dye-sensitized solar cell named after him, reads the committee s citation, while Alivisatos has made pioneering contributions in using semiconductor nanocrystals for energy and display applications.
Тайна чёрных дыр: почему открытия советского учёного Халатникова до сих пор засекречены
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Светлана Тихановская дала совет жене Навального
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New microscopy concept enters into force
The first demonstration of an approach that inverts the standard paradigm of scanning probe microscopy raises the prospect of force sensing at the fundamental limit.
Configuration of the inverted scanning force microscope.
(Graphics: Alexander Eichler, ETH Zurich)
The development of scanning probe microscopes in the early 1980s brought a breakthrough in imaging, throwing open a window into the world at the nanoscale. The key idea is to scan an extremely sharp tip over a substrate and to record at each location the strength of the interaction between tip and surface. In scanning force microscopy, this interaction is – as the name implies – the force between tip and structures on the surface. This force is typically determined by measuring how the dynamics of a vibrating tip changes as it scans over objects deposited on a substrate. A common analogy is tapping a finger across a table and sensing objects placed on the surface.