Jennifer Hunt
Women face a ‘glass ceiling’ effect during their careers in many sectors, and science is no exception. A recent Nature’s Editorial (claims that “[i]n the United States and Europe around half of those who gain doctoral degrees in science and engineering are female – but barely one-fifth of full professors are women” (Nature Editorial 2013). Although it occurs – even prevails – in many sectors, the existence of a glass ceiling for women in science is particularly jarring since, as claimed by Robert Merton, science should follow the norm of universalism according to which all scientists are judged objectively on the base of their scientific merits, regardless of their “personal or social attributes” (Merton 1942). The evidence of inequality in female and male scientists’ careers has urged many scholars to study whether observing few female scientists in highly ranked positions results from gender discrimination in the promotion or differences in prod
Modern Diplomacy
Biden’s UN Ambassador will find the UN in the same state as the US foreign service post-Trump
Published 4 months ago
If 20 years ago you asked the regular foreign policy scholar what Democrats’ foreign policy was about they would tell you three things: multilateral diplomacy, international institutions and international law. Disregard and disdain for the UN and the web of international legal norms enveloping all countries used to be the hallmark of Republicans “on steroids” such as Bush and Bolton. It was their signature move. Civilized, internationally-minded Democrats aware of the fact that the US does not stand alone in the international arena would fervently defend the UN as the home of diplomacy, even if aware of the many shortcomings of the organization, many of which intended by design.