on this day in 1431 one of the world s most celebrated military leaders, joan of arc, was burned at the stake. but before she became a legend she was just a young woman on a mission. at 13 she believed god had chosen her to help france win its long-running war with england. as part of her mission, joan took a vow of chastity when her father tried to arrange a marriage for her at the age of 16 she successfully convinced a local court that she should not be forced into the match. while teen a teenager she cropped her hair donned men s clothing and embarked on an 11-day journey against enemy territory to meet with france s crown prince charles. despite having no military training she promised she could help him defeat the english and he would be crowned king of all of france if he gave her an army to lead. against the advice of his generals he made her at 17 the youngest person ever to command
and in 1920 nearly 500 years after her death, she was canonized a saint by pope benedict xv. and remains france s patron saint today. she s been further immortalized in arts and literature and in movies like the messenger t . her short hair cited as the inspiration for the hairdresser that created the bob that became popular during the roaring 20s. and her name still invoked when celebrating modern women of courage. she said one life is all we have and we live it as we believe in living it. but to sacrifice what you are and to live without belief that is a fate more terrible than dying. an enduring message from a young woman who made the ultimate sacrifice for her beliefs on this day, may 30th, 1431.
what are you going to do? say sayonara. reporter: tip number two, if you pay up front or schedule appointments for unpopular times, they may give you a break. mom and dad got an extra $581. finally tip number three, ask for a group discount. bringing in mary and grandma found the halls another $850. the hall family will save $1,431 this year alone. paula farris, abc news, boston. and then there s easy stuff, another tip, prevent, prevent, prevent. get your teeth cleaned once a year, twice a year, so they can find anything that might be brewing that hasn t floss. floss. brush twice a day. it s kind of really self-explanatory. once you re in a bind and you have to spend the money, that s a good tip to go on that website. still to come, her wedding day is one of the most special days in a woman s life. why would she want to burn a precious reminder of it?
you paid for yourself. the secretary of health and human services can still dictate what doctors do, what kind of information they collect from you and what kind of treatments they phen: i know you re concerned about doctor shortages. but let s talk about seniors. they re going to get less care? they re going to get less care because believe it or not, cuts to medicare pay for more than half this law. so the chief actuary of medicare warned some hospitals will stop accepting medicare, where will seniors go? other hospitals will have to spread nurses thinner to make ends meet. and on average, according to the actuary, a senior will get $1,431 less care per year by the end of the decade. gretchen: that s scary because there was already an issue about doctors not taking medicare. it s going to get worse. and worst of all, probably, the money not being spent on seniors, it s going tore bureaucracy. the spending on government administration, bureaucrats telling doctors what to do is g
we ll get back to it later. we have crusades kills the christian, jews and muslims. we have that. it was an awful bloody time in 12:15, pope innocent iii decreed that jews should have yellow circle sewn in upper garment. he says jews are doomed to what happenedder about the earth as fugitives and vagabonds and their faces must be covered in shame. remember the yellow circle. king louie put them on trial in paris. he ordered expulsion of many jews and confiscated their land for his use. 1290 king edward expelled jews from england. 13061, 394, jews were kicked out of france. 1394, jews expelled from hungary. 1431, kicked out of us a industry qua. seeing see austria.