[inaudible conversations] hello. i am samantha ravich, chair of the center on cyber and technology innovation here at the foundation for defense of democracies. thank you so much for joining us. for more than a decade report after report has documented the growing number of unfilled cyber positions both in the u.s. government and nationwide, offering strategies and recommendations to address the shortfall that often goes north. the secretary of defense stated that the pentagon is in desperate need, desperately short of people with cyber skills in all services, and we have to address it. that was in 2010 and that was the secretary of defense robert gates. and that was one year after cybercom was created and that s when amazon at a work force totaling 34,000 of last year amazon had at workforce of 1.6 million people. people. so the need hasonon gone up ande difficulties and attracting people and talent has gone up as well. the congressionally mandated commission, what we call