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Raising kids can be tough, and sometimes you need all the help you can get. Biologists at the University of Bristol argue that some animals might be able to blackmail reluctant relatives into assisting with the rearing of young. The study is published today [2 February] in
The American Naturalist.
In a Darwinian sense, family members are valuable as vehicles for shared genes. Whether helping evolves depends on a simple cost-benefit calculation known as Hamilton s rule : help if it will lead to a net increase in copies of your genes in the population.
Dr Patrick Kennedy, lead author and research associate in the School of Biological Sciences, said: We explored a devious form of manipulation. An individual can threaten to harm its own survival or reproductive success if relatives withhold help.
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