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Background: Information on the characteristics or long-term outcomes of people with communication support needs post-stroke is limited. We investigated associations between communication gains in rehabilitation and long-term outcomes (quality-of-life [EuroQOL-ED-3 L], mortality) by post-stroke communication support need status. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using person-level linked data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry and the Australasian Rehabilitation Outcomes Centre (2014–2017). Communication support needs were assessed using the Functional Independence Measure™ comprehension and expression items recorded on admission indicated by scores one (total assistance) to five (standby prompting). Multivariable multilevel and Cox regression models were used to determine associations with long-term outcomes. Results: Of 8,394 patients who received in-patient rehabilitation after stroke (42% female, median age 75.6 years), two-thirds had post-stroke communication suppor

Australasian rehabilitation outcomes centreAustralian stroke clinical registryFunctional independence measureCommunication disordersData linkageQuality of life