This article argues that Russia's approach to hybrid warfare has undergone a shift, moving away from primarily relying on nonconventional measures and tactics towards a greater emphasis on conventional methods. The framework of the argument is constructed through an analysis of Russia's experiences in hybrid warfare across various conflicts such as the Afghan War, Chechnya, Georgia, Syria, and Ukraine. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the non-linear concept of hybrid warfare, commonly referred to as the “Gerasimov doctrine.” This concept acknowledges the utilization of both conventional military tactics and nonconventional tactics, emphasizing the use of nonconventional as primary measures. The evidence suggests that (i) the Georgia War of 2008 and the Ukraine War of 2014-2021 serve as the most prominent examples of Russia's approach to hybrid warfare; (ii) the comparison with the Ukraine War since February 2022 indicates that certain hybrid warfare measure
Former Afghan president Hamid Karzai on Sunday at a press conference in Kabul called on the US President Joe Biden to reverse his decision on Afghan bank’s funds and return all the fund to
KABUL: Former Afghan president Hamid Karzai on Sunday at a press conference in Kabul called on the US President Joe Biden to reverse his decision on Afghan bank’s funds and return all the.
US President Joe Biden’s decision to allocate $3.5 billion of Afghan assets roughly half to the victims of 9/11, faced widespread reactions inside and outside of Afghanistan.
Former Afghan president Hamid Karzai on Sunday at a press conference in Kabul called on the US President Joe Biden to reverse his decision on Afghan bank’s funds and return all the fund to