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showdown atop the under water from new york city, this is "nightline" with bill weir. >> great to be with you tonight. it is the hottest new trend in modern day weight los with principles as long as humanity itself. our ancient ancestors ate as much as they could whenever they could and starved until the next feast. the same pattern has become the basis for the latest diet taking the weight loss world by storm, combining fasting and feasting in the pursuit of a smaller size, but a longer life. here's abc's juju chang. ♪ you don't know you're beautiful ♪ >> reporter: when it comes the hot british imports, there's one direction's song "what makes you beautiful." and there's always the american fascination with the royal couple and the pregnancy. but the next big british invasion hitting our shores this week just might be the fast diet. >> it doesn't really feel like a diet. >> reporter: it's all the rage in england because it's not just about losing weight. its creator sees it as a radical new approach to eating your way to a longer life. you've basically discovered the fountain of youth. >> i've certainly found something that's worked really well for me. >> reporter: such an understated brit. the british fasting craze is the brain child of this man, dr. michael mosley. he embarked on a quest for the scientific fountain of youth. he discovered that you can get radically healthier by doing something that sounds truly unhealthy. fasting just two days a week. the other five days, you can eat whatever you want. just to be clear, you're not telling people to starve themselves. >> oh, absolutely not. in the regime that i'm suggesting, the maximum you ever go without food is 12 hours. >> for being able to eat pizza and drink wine and have christmas and a birthday. >> reporter: which requires no will power. >> can i have the almond croissant and the cappuccino. >> reporter: tara lost 36 pounds over seven months and says her dress size isn't the only thing that's changed. >> on a normal day, my appetite is reduced, so even when i do try and overeat, i sometimes find it to be quite challenging. >> reporter: on the two fasting days, you're not actually starving yourself, but close. it's just 25% of a normal adult's daily intake, a measly 500 calories for women, roughly 600 for a man. but protein and lots of fruits and vegetables are highly recommended. >> you see, that is a generous portion of food. >> reporter: a doctor by training, michael mosley's bbc documentary airing on pbs this spring, "eat, fast and live longer" begins with a wake-up call from his doctor. he had already lost his dad to diabetes. >> i discovered that my levels were that of a diabetic. my doctor said you need to start on medication. as you age, your balance gets worse. >> reporter: it was clear dr. mosley could stand to start aging a little more gracefully. >> 6.59 seconds. >> reporter: researchers across the united states have been finding astonishing results from severe calorie restriction. decreased cancer risk. increased life expectancy. even improved brain function. >> this was actually research done in rats. >> jimmy: by mimicking feast or famine conditions, researchers at johns hopkins and usc discovered that the body and the brain respond in fascinating ways. >> oh! he did try to bite me, yes. what they found in rats is that when they're deprived of food, their brain starts to produce a protein, and what this does is it makes you feel happier and it also appears to make you smarter. >> reporter: dr. mosley tracked down a human trial of alternate day fasting led by christa. they met for a burger. >> you can literally eat whatever you like on the food day. >> reporter: she compared the two fasting foods. one eating high-fat food, the other low-fat. >> surprisingly, in terms of cardio vas you lar disease risk, it didn't matter what you were eating. >> reporter: people on the study ate just 10% more on feed days. overall, women cut their risk of breast cancer by 40%. so dr. mosley created the fast diet. by fasting on two random days of the week. >> so it is really important to gather a decent amount of protein, even on a fasting day, because your body doesn't store protein. >> reporter: then he created low-calorie, nutrient-dense recipes. >> you can get a lot of bulk. the fiber will keep you full. it will keep your bowels regular. >> reporter: but there are nutrition experts concerned that it's too big a leap to go from one case study to a runaway bestseller with a crop of similar books also making waves. >> it's anecdotal based on his experience. that's an opinion. i like to make recommendations that are based on good solid science and we're not there yet. >> reporter: keith worries about nutritional deficiencies over time and the prospect of people taking fasting to the extreme. your criticism are extremely valid, and yet as an academic and as someone who understands the impact of these longevity studies, don't you find it intriguing? >> oh, i find it absolutely intriguing. lots of things are intriguing that i wouldn't necessarily recommend until i know a lot more. >> reporter: for dr. mosley, after eight weeks, the moment of truth. >> hey, that is fantastic! that is 173.8 pounds. which means i have lost well over a stone. my body fat before was 27%. and now it's below 20. that is really, really pleasing. >> reporter: over two months, dr. mosley wound up losing nearly 20 pounds, which clearly shows on the outside. but on the inside, he says his makeover was far more dramatic. >> my body fat went down from 28% to 20%. and my blood glucose went down from die bet tornadic normal. my cholesterol went down from needing medication to normal. >> reporter: but you really weren't motivated by wanting to get into a little black dress. >> well, i had the visceral fat. fat in the gut. if you get rid of that, then you also significantly reduce your risk of diabetes and heart disease. >> reporter: so i'm going to put you to the test. for now, dr. mosley seems to be the poster child for turning back time. so we asked him to take the balance age test again. that's good, that's good. >> ah! >> reporter: that was traumatic. are you okay? still not graceful, but a heck of a lot healthier. for "nightline," i'm ju in new york. just ahead, an historic goodbye. the latest as thousands swarm rome for a chance to say farewell to pope benedict. it's . 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[ buzz ] delicious, right? yeah. it's the honey, it makes it taste so... ♪ well, would you look at the time... what's the rush? bee happy. bee healthy. with clusters of flakes and o's. oh, ho ho... it's the honey sweetness. i...i mean, you...love. how do you say goodbye to a living pope? that question has not come up in 600 years. so benedict xvi's historic farewell celebration in rome today brought predictably massive crowds. and topic a on many of those minds, the unpredictable selection of the man who will replace him. there among the faithful in vatican city, my co-anchor terry moran with the latest. >> what a day it was here, unprecede unprecedented, full of ritual and mystery, symbolism, the high pomp and ceremony that the roman catholic church uses to speak to the world. and it was something else. it was more personal, intimate, emotional at times, and at times something very different for this church, new. st. peter's basilica, shown in all its renaissance splendor in the roman sunlight. but in the nearly 400 years michelangelo's great dome has towered over the city, nothing like today had ever happened here. the cardinals gathered in the hall where the bodies of popes are first laid after death. but this was a living farewell. he entered slowly, an old man ready to lay down the burden of the papacy. benedict xvi bidding goodbye to the princes of the church. the dean of the college of cardinals addressed the pontiff. >> translator: holy father, with profound love, we've always tried to accompany you in your path. >> this was personal for them all, a kind of trauma, a kind of tribute. these are his men. he chose most of them. and all swore obedience to him. one will succeed him. and mindful perhaps of the intrigues already swirling in the vatican, benedict urged them all to be like an orchestra, working together in harmony. he offered one final blessing. then one by one, each came forward for a personal farewell. a few words, a laugh, a last handshake. among them, american cardinal donald worrel of washington, d.c. >> it was as if he was saying this isn't about me, it's about the church moving forward. it was beautiful. >> the farewells ended, soon it would be time to go. the entire staff gathered in the courtyard. the swiss guards stood by. and a final papal tweet. thank you for your love and support. may you always experience the joy that comes from putting christ at the center of your lives. then benedict walked out. he left that palace and all it represents behind. a short drive to the waiting chopper. while across rome, the faithful offered their own goodbyes. in st. peter's square, on nearby rooft rooftops, and as the chopper lifted into the evening sky, the bells of rome rang out. but then one last, long swooping tour over the eternal city. on the roof of the north american college, cardinal timothy dolan of new york, the young american seminarians waved goodbye. at the pope's summer residence, the locals, his last crowd, waited. and one more time, pope benedict xvi, vicar of christ, stepped out on to the balcony. r >> translator: now i'm just a pilgrim starting the last leg of his earthly journey. >> reporter: he thanked them with a smile that seemed tinged with relief. they didn't want to let him go. >> one of the things that struck me was the serenity. there was never a moment when he seemed not at peace. >> reporter: at the stroke of 8:00 tonight in rome, the moment the pope's resignation took effect, the swiss guards stood down, closed the great doors of cast castel gandalfo. he's going to live in a monostair. he has said he will dedicate himself in solitude to a life in prayer. so what happens next the cardinals who have gathered in rome are now going to meet informally for about a week. then they will decide on a date where they will go into tbegin choose the next pope. >> the countdown begins, all waiting for that puff of smoke. terry, our thanks to you. coming up next, when it is killer can your longwear makeup last 'til five o'clock? it will if it's new outlast stay fabulous foundation. it's a primer, concealer and foundation in one for all day flawless skin. new outlast stay fabulous from easy, breezy, beautiful covergirl. [ male announcer ] you've reached the age where you don't back down from a challenge. this is the age of knowing how to make things happen. so, why let erectile dysfunction get in your way? talk to your doctor about viagra. 20 million men already have. ask your doctor if your heart is healthy enough for sex. do not take viagra if you take nitrates for chest pain; it may cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure. side effects include headache, flushing, upset stomach, and abnormal vision. to avoid long-term injury, seek immediate medical help for an erection lasting more than four hours. stop taking viagra and call your doctor right away if you experience a sudden decrease or loss in vision or hearing. this is the age of taking action. viagra. talk to your doctor. when it comes to fearsome creatures that lurk beneath the waves, sharks have long held the upper hand in everything from horror movie casting to real life beach nightmares. but they're not the only deadly predators at the top of the underwater food chain. just last week, some surfers beat a hasty retreat to dry land after a close encounter with a pod of killer whales. now a look at when killer whales take on killer sharks to be king of the sea. >> reporter: the great white shark and the killer whale. creatures of mythic proportions. but they come with vastly different on screen personas. the fearsome "jaws." versus gentle giant free willy. but in reality, the killer whale is anything but gentle. both shark and whale are deadly hunters, the top of the aquatic food chain, both built for the kill, but very different animals. >> killer whales are very social organisms. they have very stable family units. great white sharks, they're more solitary animals. >> reporter: differences that become most evident during the hunt. enter the sea lion. 1,000 pounds of muscle and teeth, surprisingly ferocious and agile. not an easy target. the shark is cautious and waits for an opportunity because it only gets one shot. the shark jumps. if it misses, the sea lion easily escapes. >> they'll look for animals in shallow waters or more vulnerable situations. it's often by surprise attack. and then, you know, they'll drive through and lunge at the prey and wound it and attempt to kill it and consume it. >> reporter: what surprises me is that it is actually harder to survive a pod of killer whales than escape from a great white. these killer whales have spotted their prey on a block of ice. with chilling precision, they line up and strike. using their tails to create a wave. it's too small and the sea lion is able to cling to the ice, but the pod is patient and determined. after repeated attacks, the sea lion cannot hold on. it is held under water until it drowns. >> killer whales have highly adapted foraging techniques. >> reporter: for the hunt, sharks rely on instinct. but young whales practice. when a seal is caught, it is carried out to the pod where the young learn the art of killing, and for the killer whale, it is an art that is constantly evolving. >> they adapt to certain conditions, and then proliferate those behaviors through time and then pass them on. it's a cultural transmission. it's learned behavior that they're passing on from generation to generation. >> reporter: at 30 feet long, weighing 20,000 pounds, it is an eating machine. sometimes even consuming other whales. >> we've seen killer whales attack all sorts of other whales. it's just part of their prey. >> reporter: this grey whale, another giant of the sea, is no match for the orca, its only predator save for humans. but what happens when the killer whale and the great white turn on each other? these ancient enemies sometimes go after the same prey, hunting sea lions head-to-head. with blood in the water, this shark is bold. but then the whale strikes its competition. >> they're striking animals. how fast they can move when they actually make the determination to attack their prey is remarkable. >> reporter: the shark is stun, then held upside down until he suffocates. the victors feast. in the end, this collision of killers is no contest. with its massive strength and adaptive intelligence, the orca has no equal at sea. >> and the next episode of "built for the kill" airs monday, march 4th on nat geowild. in a bizarre turn of diplomatic events, the first american to meet with the new north korean leader kim jong-un is dennis rodman, the former nba star best known for hair dye and piercings, reboundings and partying. they went to a basketball game together in pyongyang. and rodman reportedly told the much-criticized leader that he has a "friend for life" despite his tense relationship with the u.s. over nuclear programs and dire human rights records. so what do you think about the worm's diplomatic efforts? you can weigh in on the "nightline" facebook page.
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