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Counting All the Antistars in the Sky April 20, 2021• Physics 14, s50 Analyzing gamma-ray sources leads to an upper limit on how many antimatter stars could exist in the Milky Way. S. Dupourqué/IRAP × Nowadays it is taken for granted that the Universe contains no substantial amounts of antimatter. Most cosmological models include hypothetical physical processes to explain why matter dominates although the Universe should have been created with equal amounts of both. But in 2018, the ...

Measuring the Magnet that Measures the Muon April 7, 2021• Physics 14, 53 To precisely measure the magnetic moment of the muon, physicists first needed to precisely measure the field produced by the 680-ton magnet that guides the muons. Argonne National Laboratory Image of the trolley carrying the nuclear magnetic resonance probes used to measure the magnetic field in the Muon g Argonne National Laboratory Image of the trolley carrying the nuclear magnetic resonance probes used to ...

Using Fluctuations to Measure Beam Properties April 1, 2021• Physics 14, s41 A new way of measuring a vital property of electron beams helps prepare researchers for next-generation synchrotron light sources. G. Stancari/Fermilab × Scientists planning future particle accelerators and synchrotron light sources strive for tighter, more powerful electron beams. But as beams get narrower, it becomes harder to measure properties such as their size and angular divergence—vital information...

Bechtel experts honored for industry service Dr. Richard Campbell and Dr. Stewart Taylor recognized for contributions to engineering profession News provided by Share this article Share this article RESTON, Va., April 1, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Bechtels Dr. Richard Campbell and Dr. Stewart Taylor have been recognized for dedicated service and contributions to the technical standards of the mechanical and civil engineering professions. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) honored Dr....

Wormholes Open for Transport Physics 14, s28 Peter Jurik/stock.adobe.com × A wormhole is a hypothetical shortcut that could connect one side of a galaxy to another. Despite populating many science-fiction plots, wormholes have been hard to justify theoretically. Now, two separate groups present models that make wormholes seem less exotic and slightly more credible for human use [1, 2]. The idea of a wormhole is nearly as old as that of a black hole. However, the existence of wormholes remains ...

Watching an Egg Cook with X Rays March 2, 2021• Physics 14, s26 kkolosov/stock.adobe.com × When the white of an egg cooks, the protein molecules it contains unfold and link together, forming a network that turns the viscous goop into a solidified gel. Now, Nafisa Begam of the University of Tübingen, Germany, and colleagues have experimentally constructed a detailed picture of how the proteins form this structure [1]. Understanding how an egg white transforms in the presence of heat ...

A 4D Fusion Puzzle Physics 14, 30 Duco Jansen explains how he, along with engineers at the ITER fusion experiment, will position 1000-ton parts shipped in from the four corners of the globe. D. Jansen/ITER × Last May, the ITER fusion experiment began its assembly phase. Originally known as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, the project in the south of France is a global effort to confirm the feasibility of a commercial nuclear-fusion reactor. The ITER Collaboration expects t...

The Entangled Dance of Atom Beams February 23, 2021• F. Borselli F. Borselli × Physically distant quantum particles can share properties and can behave as a single object. For pairs of photons, this entangled behavior allows for data transfer between the two particles, for example. Quantum entanglement can also occur between more massive particles, including two individual atoms. Now, in a controlled experiment, Filippo Borselli of the Vienna University of Technology, Austria, and c...

Doubly Strange Nucleus Observed Physics 14, s15 Particle physicists have detected a short-lived nucleus containing two strange quarks, whose properties could provide new insights into the behavior of other nuclear particles. S. Hayakawa/Japan Atomic Energy Agency S. Hayakawa/Japan Atomic Energy Agency × Baryons are three-quark particles, such as protons, neutrons, and the lesser-known hyperons. The latter’s claim to fame is that they contain at least one strange quark. Researchers study hype...

Femtosecond Probe Catches Electrons Relaxing February 10, 2021• H.-T. Chang H.-T. Chang × After being excited by a light pulse, energy carriers in a material scatter off one another to form a hot thermal distribution before relaxing back to equilibrium. Picking apart how these thermalization and relaxation processes occur on ultrashort timescales has been a goal for decades, as they are inherent to phenomena ranging from energy harvesting in solar cells to demagnetization. Hung-Tzu ...