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Rare earth elements, like neodymium and dysprosium, are a critical component to almost all modern technologies, from smartphones to hard drives, but they are notoriously hard to separate from the Earth s crust and from one another. Scientists have discovered a new mechanism by which bacteria can select between different rare earth elements, using the ability of a bacterial protein to bind to another unit of itself, or dimerize, when it is bound to certain rare earths, but prefer to remain a single unit, or monomer, when bound to others.

Joseph cotruvo jrEmily featherstonZiye dongChi yun linJonathan jungAmie boalChristina kang yunJoseph mattocksCritical materials instituteEnergy innovation hubNational science foundationManufacturing technologies officeRenewable energyLawrence livermore national laboratoryOffice of energy efficiencyNational institutes of health