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Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada In the 2017 and 2018, 2.55 million hectares burned across British Columbia, Canada, including unanticipated large and high-severity fires in many dry forests. To transform forest and fire management to achieve resilience to future megafires requires improved understanding historical fire frequency, severity, and spatial patterns. Our dendroecological reconstructions of 35 p...

More than thirty years after discovering Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) as the first maternally inherited disease associated with homoplasmic mtDNA mutations, we still struggle to achieve effective therapies. LHON is characterized by selective degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and is the most frequent mitochondrial disease, which leads to blindness young people, in particular males. Despite the causative mutations are present in all tissues, yet only a specific cell typ...

1Clinical Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States 2Strategy and Research, The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY, United States 3Sheltering and Veterinary Services Department, The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY, United States Many American pet owners struggle financially, and the COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this problem. Yet, the positive effects that companion animal...

2Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, United Kingdom This study compares the noise levels at the cold-water coral Tisler reef, before and after the closure of the border between Norway and Sweden, which occurred as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Tisler reef is a marine protected area located under a ferry “highway” that connects Norway and Sweden. Cold-water coral reefs are recognised as being important hotspots of both biodiversity and biomass, they function...

Riparian corridors are thought to form hydrological refugia that may buffer species and communities against regional climate changes. In regions facing a warming and drying climate, however, the hydrological regime driving riparian communities is also under threat. We examined recruitment in response to streamflow declines for species inhabiting the riparian zone in southwest Western Australia, testing the extent to which the riparian system has buffered riparian communities from the drying clim...

2Institute of Environmental Sciences, Koblenz-Landau University, Landau, Germany 3Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland Combined effects of climate change and increasing anthropogenic water demand have increased and extended dry period occurrences in rivers worldwide. Riverbed drying can significantly affect sediment microorganisms, crucial drivers of biogeochemical processes in lotic systems. In this study, we evaluated how sediment ba...

Although online teaching has been encouraged for many years, the COVID-19 pandemic has promoted it on a large scale. During the COVID-19 pandemic, students at all levels (college, secondary school and elementary school) were unable to attend school. To maintain student learning, most schools have adopted online teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the design of online teaching activities and online teaching processes adopted by teachers at all levels during the pandemic....

2Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 3Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States Do men and women have different brains? Previous neuroimage studies sought to answer this question based on morphological difference between specific brain regions, reporting unfortunately conflicting results. In the present study, we aim to use a deep learning technique...

4 1PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 2Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland 4Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hels...

1Faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland Young people’s lack of participation in elections has been taken as a sign that the young are wary of representative democracy and reject traditional authorities. Instead of election participation, it is expected that the young want more possibilities for direct involvement in political decision-making. Fridays for Future (FFF) is a global, youth-led climate movement that has been able to mobilize mil...