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The vision of “lead-free” instead of “lead” is growing as people pay more attention to environmental problems, especially since performance improvement of lead-free piezoelectric materials is imminent. The introduction of local heterogeneity, relaxor behavior, and nanodomain engineering based on heterovalent-ions has been proved to be highly effective for further increasing of performance of piezoelectric materials. However, how the doping level will work towards improving the piezoelectric performance, especially the lead-free piezoelectrics is an open question. In this work, we have assembled (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 ceramics based on the traditional phase-structure construction strategy and used microscale heterovalent-ion Al element doping to regulate its piezoelectric properties. The optimization of piezoelectric properties, on the one hand, comes from large lattice distortion caused by appropriate Al doping, leading to high asymmetry and enhancement of the displacemen

Bczt ceramicsDefect engineeringAttice distortionLead free piezoelectric ceramicsPiezoelectric energy harvesting