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Transcripts For CSPAN3 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220801

honor guard attention girl scout attention honor guard advance the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you again. so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give my happy task is to introduce

Transcripts For CSPAN3 American History TV 20220801

Transcripts For CSPAN3 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220801

honor guard attention girl scout attention honor guard advance the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give my happy task is to introduce the distinguished panel of

Transcripts For CSPAN3 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220731

the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you again. so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give my happy task is to introduce the distinguished panel of gold medal olympian women back in

Transcripts For CSPAN3 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220731

attention honor guard advance the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you again. so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give my happy task is to introduce the distinguished panel of gold da

Transcripts For CSPAN2 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220724

honor guard attention girl scout attention honor guard advance the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you again. so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give my happy task is to introduce

Transcripts For CSPAN2 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220724

attention honor guard advance the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you again. so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give my happy task is to introduce the distinguished panel of gold medal

Transcripts For CSPAN2 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220723

and before i do that it is my pleasure to introduce the honor guard from the yorba linda girl scouts and ask everyone to stand as they present the colors. and we sing our national anthem. honor guard attention girl scout attention honor guard advance the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you again. so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give

Transcripts For CSPAN2 50th Anniversary Of 1972 Title IX Legislation 20220723

as they present the colors. and we sing our national anthem. honor guard attention girl scout attention honor guard advance the pride that we have comes from people like you doing the things they know they must do. dreaming the dreams all americans do dreams of peace and getting along. a storybook life that flows like a song with a lifetime of mellow memories to share with all the people that have yet to dare. ask us just what's in america to keep you there. no walls to hold you in no laws to make you stay. no, it's a simple pride in the american way. here, can you see what's up? loudly who's brought stripes time for the rest of streaming the night if honor guard honor the colors honor guard despiced here. thank you. you may be seated. thank you, and thank you to kristen romero. wasn't that beautiful? that was a great way to begin everything this morning. thank you. it's so nice to see you all here. as i said today, we celebrate 37 words that changed everything and the statistics are truly staggering. according to nate silver's 538.com in 1971 the year before title nines passage fewer than 300,000 girls participated in sports at the high school level in the united states. that was just eight percent of the boys participating in sports at that time in the 1966 to 67 sports season around 15,000 women participated in college sports at ncaa institutions or about 10% of the participation number for men. it's clear that women were underrepresented. that started to change quickly after title. nine went into effect participation in girls high school sports rose by 178 percent in the first year of title nine and by an annual average of 101% year over year for the first six years that the law was in place and in fact boys participation all so increased those numbers today 3.4 million girls are playing sports. and among college athletes in the ncaa 44% are women. so i think that's a record that certainly we can all be proud of and and we are represented today. by three gold medal olympians who you'll be hearing from in a few minutes. we're very pleased and honored to welcome kerry walsh jennings janet evans and courtney matthewson. would you let please stand ladies and allow allow us to recognize you. the to other distinguished ladies who i will now introduce we'll get into how all of this came about 50 years ago this morning. it's my pleasure to welcome the honorable barbara hackman franklin. she served as the 29th us secretary of commerce under president george hw bush and was the second woman to hold that position 20 years earlier secretary franklin led the first governmental effort to recruit women into high-level government jobs as a staff assistant to president nixon and effort which resulted in nearly quadrupling the number of women in those positions. her story is told in a book by lee stout entitled a matter of simple justice the untold story of barbara franklin and a few good women and the secretary will be available and signing copies of that book in the library's gift shop immediately after this program. she served on the boards of 14 public companies and was one of the first women graduates of the harvard business school. in fact time magazine named her one of the 50 women who made american political history. secretary is joined this morning in conversation by heath hardage lee and historian curator and biographer who is currently at work on the first commercial work on first lady patnixon to be published in nearly. years she is the author of the league of wives the untold story of the women who took on the us government to bring their husbands home from vietnam published by saint martin's press in 2019. would you please join me in welcoming secretary franklin and heath lee hello. lovely to be with you again. so like you're sunny, california. i'm gonna start with a few context setting remarks about title nine and then the secretary and i are going to be in conversation about this hugely important legislation in her role in it. on february 6 1969 president richard nixon face the second press conference of his new administration. he fielded questions on a wide range of topics from a really impact with reporters. however when washington period chief for the north american newspaper alliance fear a glass or got her turn, she asked him a question that no one had expected. quote mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high level cabinet and other policy position appointments and only three have gone to women. can you tell us sir whether we can expect more equitable recognition of women's abilities or are we going to remain a lust sex? glacier's question became part of a put of the push that the new administration needed to prioritize women's rights and gender equity. in response to glasses query the president's task force on women's rights and responsibilities was rapidly organized the completed task force report entitled a matter of simple. justice was sent to the president on december 12th of 69. chief among the reports groundbreaking recommendations were that the nixon administration set a broad legislative agenda to congress for women. this would include a strong endorsement of the era reforms in the enforcement of civil rights and an end to gender discrimination and education public accommodations fair labor standards social security and government rules. among the major action items in the task force report was this recommendation? quote the president should appoint more women to positions of top responsibility in all branches of federal government to achieve a more equitable ratio of men and women. barbara hagman franklin one of the first female graduates of harvard business school and a rising star in the banking world was appointed as staff assistant to the president in april of 1971. within this role franklin would lead all efforts to fulfill the task force recommendation her work would prove critical to the success of the administration's efforts for women. thanks in large part to franklin's leadership and vision the white house opened hundreds more federal jobs to women and expanded the number of women on presidential commissions and boards franklin built up a talent bank of women for top policy making jobs across the government one of her first major efforts was to locate suitable female candidates for the supreme court. she also helped identify the first female generals the first female admiral admirals. qualified women for middle management ranks were also hired the first female tugboat captains forest. rangers sky marshals and fbi agents. so cool rolls formerly closed women that were now unlocked. one of the many ripple effects of the task force recommendations and franklin's work was a proposal of the landmark education amendments primarily authored by representative patsy mink and strongly supported by representative edith green and senator birch bay. these amendments included the now famous title nine. president nixon signed these amendments into law on june 23rd 1972 exactly 50 years ago today. when the final regulations were issued in 1975 title nine covered women and girls students and employees protecting them all from discrimination. this included sexual harassment admissions policies basically every aspect of education k through 12 for any institution that received federal funding. today title nine is most often equated with women's sports. but this was part of a much broader movement towards women's rights and gender equity across the board that began with vera glasser's question the presidential task force for women and barbara hackman franklin. this potent push meant that equity for women went from an afterthought under previous administrations to high priority under president nixon. to quote from franklin herself president nixon's actions brought gender equality into the mainstream of american life. he made equality legitimate. this legitimacy rippled through our society and helped create new opportunities for women in business in education in the professions in arts and athletics. today we celebrate one of the most important out groups of this ripple effect for women's rights with the 50th anniversary of the title nine amendment. very good. thank you. so now we're going to get into some questions, but before the secretary and i start talking we want to roll a little clip for you that will resonate with you. i think after hearing the talk. but mr. president and staffing your administration you have so far made about 200 high-level cabinet and other policy positions, and these only three have gone women. could you tell us sir whether we can expect a more equitable recognition of women's ability there. we bring the lots. now very seriously. i had not known that only three had gone to women and i shall see to it that we correct that imbalance very properly. yes you that was good. well, so that's a good place for us to start. i think secretary franklin. can you tell us a little more about vera and her famous question? well, i'd be delighted and thank you heath. i just want everyone to know how thrilled i am to be here. after 50 years and watching the progress that title nine has meant to our society over all of that time and i was thinking about it as i saw the young tiny girl scouts up here and thinking how great the world is or how much better it is for them today. and large measure title well to answer the question i get came to know vera quite well over the years and i love this clip because here is this well-spoken woman and she was in a yellow the yellow elephant against the sea of of dark suits and i can imagine what a gas probably went through that breathing room. i think she really shocked everyone the president handled it perfectly beautifully. and then after that there was a lot of conversation. i was told about this, of course in the white house about oh now, what do we do if the president says he wants to do this? how do we do it and the presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities was one key outcome and there were as as you heath has mentioned a couple of of key recommendations in there, but let me back up a step a man named charlie clapp was the staff person who had the job of filling the the task force deciding who would be on it and as he is described it there's a little bit of an internal tension. there were those who wanted status quo. and then there were those and the staff who wanted, you know, let's let's go for more equality. charlie one and the people on that task force were people who wanted to move forward on equality. and that's exactly what they they did. this is a brilliant piece of work. i think this task force report and it has a bunch of recommendations, but very far-reaching really and and laid out an agenda for the future one had to do with more women in top jobs. yes, but then there are various legislative actions and you mentioned several of them and one of them definitely was was title nine and the women in top jobs one. i was part of the solution or the answer to that recommendation. excellent. well, we've talked a little bit and we'll talk a little bit more about that presidential task force on women's rights and responsibilities. can you tell us a little bit more about that who exactly else was involved and what kind of impact did the resulting report matters simple justice have well, okay, they put up the names of the people who were on it. it's a diverse group if you look at it. it's it. it's got a couple of men. and they were also then women from different aspects of of our lives vera was on it. i might add about vera. she kept at this writing stories about women and the progress. at the since her question, she just kept going and i have to digress for a minute when i was appointed. she wrote a piece and she interviewed someone in new york who said that i was is this little bit of a thing and i was a hard worker and the headline on her article was that the white house is hired a pint sized recruiter. i read that i remember yeah after about that 50 years. anyway, though. i think the bottom line of the task force report with went to the president at the end of 1969 was released a few months later in 1970. there was a little battle inside the white house. i'm told about how to release it when and so on. and then it was a question of a countdown here. are these recommendations and what are we going to fulfill and i can tell you because i was there the administration was trying very hard to do everything. that was it was in that list now true and and he mentioned this title nine was and i guess jim did too was was bipartisan. right and so were some of the other things and and that was an important that we were on title nine today, but it was an important thing. i believe that it was bipartisan. edith green was having hearings on the hill. kind of at the same time that this task force recommendation about the title nine legislation. was was made and then patsy mink was was the other one who gets credit her names on it today and birch bayan senate, but those were democrats the republicans in those houses went along too, but you know here we have democratic congress passing title nine signed by a republican president nixon. beautiful example of a bipartisanship and working together for the good of women and our whole society. i'm really proud that this happened the way it did i would also say at the time don't think anyone realized. the outcome and the impact i think it was kind of there were voices the worried about women in education, but i don't think that the real impact certainly not an athletics. i don't think anybody foresaw that but how wonderful it is that it happened? how wonderful and that's true because the new york times had but a sentence about this it was seen at the time as oh well and then it becomes one it probably one of our most consequential domestic. i think it was one of the most consequential legislative activities of the last century. i really do in terms of of helping equity equality for women, but i think our society has benefited greatly. agree completely so tell me a little more about how you came to work with president nixon as his staff assistant to recruit more women into the upper mid levels of government. well, i was i was sitting at a bank in new york. at that point i was what nine years out of penn state seven years out of harvard business school, and i was a young i was young ones this assistant vice president there were three. this is citibank now citibank in new york. there were three women assistant vice presidents in the bank and there was no woman full vice president at that time. this would have been 19701. well, i got a call one day from fred malek. who was a harvard business school classmate of mine and i have to say parenthetically over here. i didn't know fred all that. well the men in our class and there were like 650 of them and 12 women in that class and they sort of knew us because we stuck out more than more than we knew them unless we were close to them. anyway, i did know fred a little bit. so fred called me by the way. so the same fred malik years later who raised the funds to renovate this library. really want to say that called me and said the president. the president wants to bring more women into government and we need someone to come to the white house and set up dysfunction. would you be interested? well well, that's enough to sort of knock your socks off for the moment. and i said, i'd like to think about that. and i did think about it and i talked to a lot of friends and they said don't do it. so don't do it that administration won't do anything for women. now. i believed that in the need to do something. i thought that was a it was the right mission. i talked to my superiors at the bank. they thought it was fine and i satisfied myself from fred and others that this was a serious effort the present really wanted to do this and i decided to do it and i took a leave of absence from citibank. for six months now that was kind of a joke. okay, i was there for what two years in that job. i decided to do it even though i knew it meant creating something that didn't hadn't existed before so it's the first time any administration was doing this, but i really felt that was terribly important. yes, and so and it was that's how i came to be there. so interesting. well, so along those lines your efforts on behalf of women during the nixon administration were extremely successful. i don't think that can be overstated the numbers that i found do not lie about that. what factors do you think contributed to this breakthrough for women the time period the imprison nixon, but it tell us a little bit about this factors. well there were several things going on at once. i have to comment about this slide. that's up here though. i'm in there. i don't know if you can tell you've got to follow the hair that hair is that the hair was but bobby kilburg is in that slide who was on the white house staff and now on the board here and sally and payton who became a law professor at the university of michigan. it also white house staffer. anyway there were a number of things that happened. the first thing was and this is i think key to doing anything. there was a goal. the president said a goal and that was to double the numbers of women in the top policy making jobs in a year. now the same time he sent to his cabinet secretaries and agency heads a memorandum that required them to give him an action plan about how they were going to advance women in their departments and agencies and not just a a plan. wanted to know. who was going to be in charge of that and he gave them a date i want this back in a month. now i have to tell you that part of my job then was to monitor how they were doing. and and this was a interesting business. we'd never done this before and they hadn't and they had targets. yeah, and then because this was a series i called this a managerial effort right out of here. this is this it was managed. there was there was a goal there was a process in in place and there was monitoring of results and then there was a reward in this case. the reward would be the cabinet secretary did a good job and they were all men of course. he would get a note from the president. and that counted a lot when the president of the united states wants something and people know he is paying attention it really counts. and then if a cabinet secretary did didn't do what he was supposed to do. we got another kind of a note. yeah, and i know that because i because i was the one drafting them and sending and sending them upstairs, but all of that counted and i just think there were a lot of things that got going together. and it really made a difference now. i have to emphasize a lot of people helped. i wasn't doing everything alone. we never do everything all by ourselves. a lot of people helped. and and it just paid off the other thing. i should probably say is that that i had to figure out. where jobs were coming open? which is not so simple. i have to tell you it's a big government. and that meant needing to build my own network of friends and allies who could tell me give me a tip. when is something coming up here that i could find women candidates for? so i had to do that. and as i said a lot of people help, but those were those were my allies and i counted on those people there were i have to say at the time if we go back in our society. not everybody thought this was a really good idea. right now, i don't know how many of you here lived through that chapter. but i can tell you for a fact and if you look at just women in jobs, then it was nurses teachers secretaries. and of course a lot of women homemakers. but for women to be doing other things was a little bit unusual. yes. and that's a personal comment on my side too because i was an aberration. i was a woman mba. at a time when people would say well. what can a woman mba do they didn't know what to do with you? so to say just what a male mba can do. but you know there there was just that kind of gender whatever you want to crawl that right. so that was the context and and so not everybody thought what president nixon is set out to do was a great idea. but the point i want to come back to a lot of people helped. but the bottom line was that the president of the united states wanted this done and that was present nixon and i truly believe having lived through that whole era. the breakthroughs that were made and the majority of women that were appointed to these top jobs were women. who would i should say at the other way jobs women had never held before. so barriers were broken and they came down and they stayed down now that might have happened. at some point, i do believe without the presidents wanting it to be done. it would not have happened then. and frankly, i'm really proud to have had something to do with it and it wasn't all being either. well, it was definitely a priority under president nixon and barely a thought or maybe an afterthought with the previous administration. so i applaud you for doing that. i think that is absolutely true for my research which is been deep into this. thank you. so tell us more about the talent bank that you created. okay? well, we had to find women to a point, you know, if i knew where jobs were where was i going to get candidates from so what i did first i went to to head hunting firms. and asked whether they had women in their files and typically they said no our clients don't ask for women. so we don't have any women in our files i thought okay. thanks very much. welcome my own here. what i did was to go to each federal reg. there were 10 the time a hub city in each region, and we had some context contacts typically and would say okay, tell me who are the outstanding women here. give me their contact information and we'll do the rest. they didn't even all have to be republicans. just tell me who were the outstanding women and that's how the talent bank was built. we got a flood of recommendations from lots of different people and places the business and professional women's clubs also have a talent back and that was a great help too, but that's how it was built and i i think we have now started to find it in the president's papers. it was in pieces. i wondered where that talent bank went up after all of these years. we had them i got to tell you we had them we had sandra day o'connor and i think we were we were the first to find her she was prominent in arizona 10 years later president reagan appointed her to the supreme court. we had one need a crepes who president carter appointed as the first woman secretary of commerce and on and on like that. we really had i'm proud of of the folks who contributed to all that effort too, but it really helped it meant i could go looking if there was a job opening i could go search the talent bank and and see, what kind of a match i could find for the qualifications for that job. that's what we're done. so we did well incredible. they're still doing this kind of thing now. yes, and i think government you were one of the first yeah. we'll skipping along tell us briefly the story of the susan b anthony bust. oh you all know who susan b anthony was right the great suffragist. well, it would have been oh there she is in the in the fall of of 72 so women's groups came and said we would like to give a bust of susan b anthony to the white house. so we think it would be appropriate thing. i thought that was a great idea since i said fine and what they did was to have her made. she's a copy of the marble one in the capital. she is in bronze. she was made in upstate, new york. excuse me. and then they had her delivered to my office. and we had to get a date to present to the white house. it would be to mrs. nixon, which also tells you something about the times not to the president but to mrs. nixon, that's fine. we're going to find a date between the time she was delivered and when we could get the date she lived in the closet in my office. third floor of the eisenhower office building and in the dead of night, sometimes she would steal out of that office. out of that closet and go and land in the office of someone in the white house who had set or done something detrimental to women. love it. so great. and in the morning i had to go pick her back up and she was happy and put her back in the closet. i can ask you to name names, but we don't name. we don't need your imagination, but it was known that the spirit of susan b anthony wandered about the white house at night. up in early tonight story 1973. she was presented to mrs. nixon and stood after that at the entrance of the east wing, which is the first lady's wing of the white house on a pedestal for a good decade and then she disappeared they you know, they put her into storage in the white house and i have to give heath credit here. i told her this story in heath decided we needed to find her and then she she located anita mcbride who was first lady laura bush's chief of staff and anita knew how to find a curator to find wherever susan was buried in the basement of the white house. and she's she's now out of there and she's here. she's here. yeah, she came either yesterday or the day before he did. and so thank you for making that pleasure. and i got my own i saw her yesterday you can you can see her. she's installed in the permanent exhibit and and there she is and i was just so delighted to see see her after 50 years, but it was a great symbol. and i think she still is and now she's here on loan, which is great. we're to have her back. should we wrap things up here? perhaps and we are of course around to answer questions, but secretary franklin is an american hero and she is a rockstar so i would love to give

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