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The Changing Iconography of Byzantine Gold Coinage
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Representations of Justice on Coins and Medals
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Jay Martin Galst amassed an important collection of ancient and medieval coins, many from the
Holy Land, as well as modern coins, medals, and tokens, particularly those related to his profession of ophthalmology. Over a year now since Jay died from complications of COVID-19 during the worst of the initial pandemic surge in
New York City, his presence is still sorely missed here at the
ANS, where he was a frequent visitor.
Jay always intended that the bulk of his collection eventually be sold both to benefit his family (Fig. 1) and, as a consummate collector himself, to ensure that others might have the opportunity to collect and enjoy the items that he once owned and enjoyed. Currently, the Galst Collection is being auctioned by
Managing the ANS Collection: An Interview With Elena Stolyarik
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The Changing Iconography of Byzantine Gold Coins
The
Byzantine Empire, which lasted more than a thousand years, had one of the most monetized economies in medieval
Europe. The coinage of
Byzantium was an essential element of this unique civilization, which preserved Roman law and state structures and inherited not only the Hellenistic cultural tradition, but also a powerful organizing force–
Christianity.
Constantine I (306–337). At the accession of the emperor
Anastasius I (491–518), there were three denominations of gold coins: the
solidus (in Greek,
semissis (half) and
tremissis (third), along with a tiny copper coin known as a
nummus. The typical obverse of the Byzantine solidus at the end of the fifth century and the beginning of the sixth was a three-quarter frontal bust of the emperor, usually in armor and holding a spear. The reverse type depicted