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Genetically engineered grass cleanses soil of toxic pollutants left by military explosives, new research shows

UW researchers genetically engineered a switchgrass (foreground) to break down the explosive chemical RDX using genes from a soil bacterium. The researchers also grew a few thousand of the plantlets in the lab to prepare them to be transplanted in the field. From left to right: Ryan Routsong, Long Zhang, Stuart Strand. This photo was taken in 2018.Mark Stone/University of Washington Large swaths of U.S. military land are covered with munitions components, including the explosive chemical RDX. This molecule is toxic to people and can cause cancer. It also doesn’t naturally break down and can contaminate groundwater.

GM grass cleanses soil of toxic pollutants left by military explosives, new study shows

Credit: Neil Bruce A grass commonly used to fight soil erosion has been genetically modified to successfully remove toxic chemicals left in the ground from munitions that are dangerous to human health, new research shows. The study - led by the University of York- demonstrates that genetically modified switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) can detoxify residues of the military explosive, RDX, left behind on live-fire training ranges, munitions dumps and minefields. RDX has been a major component of munitions since WW2 which are still used extensively on military training grounds. This use has now resulted in widespread pollution of groundwater. Researchers generated the plants by inserting two genes from bacteria able to breakdown RDX. The plants were then grown in RDX contaminated soil on a US military site. The genetically modified grass grew well and successfully degraded RDX to non-detectable levels in their plant tissues.

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