fined $9 billion since 2012 for manipulating libor and euribor, but we are used to thinking of this with regards to traders making request for libor and back to go up and down but what we are less used to hearing about is a whole other story that years of investigation have uncovered. audio recordings and other material reveals that central banks and governments were involved in trying to push libor and euribor down during the 2008 financial crisis. you might say that history but it has a contemporary significance because between 2015 and 2019, 37 traders were prosecuted for rigging libor and euribor, and 2019, 37 traders were prosecuted for rigging liborand euribor, and thejury is not for rigging liborand euribor, and the jury is not hearing evidence like this audio, this phone call between a barclays executive instructing peterjohnson, a cash trader at barclays, to lower his libor on instructions from above. you re going to hate this but we