Latest Breaking News On - Flagstaff mountain - Page 1 : vimarsana.com

Transcripts For CSPAN2 Book TV 20141004

humanity is the essential element, we share that with them. gives a deeper appreciation of history. take away all the halos and look upon them as real people and we will be inspired by them, i think, much more keenly. thank you all very much. [applause] >> c-span2 providing live coverage of the u.s. senate floor proceedings and keep public policy events and every weekend booktv for 15 years the only television network devoted to nonfiction books and authors. c-span2 created by the cable-tv industry and brought to you as public service by local cable satellite provider. watch us in hd, like us on facebook and follow us on twitter. >> how do you acquire a book? >> there are a million ways to do it. one, which is not often talked about, you really come up with an idea and you try to find the perfect writer, the person whose passion for the idea matches yours, and that is one way you can make a book happen. another way is you make sure to talk to agents as much as possible to see what kind of projects they are enthusiastic about a you raise your hand and hope they will send you a good proposal. sometimes you cultivate -- you plant ideas with them and hope that over time they come up with a project that they want to spend 5, 10 years with, and make a great book at them. >> have you ever read a newspaper or magazine article and said that could be a book? >> i read an article ten years ago about how very shortly in the 21st century more households in america will be supported by women and that is a giant -- a giant change, and it may explore what the implications of that might be for men and women, marriages, raising children, love, courtships, and i got a great book out of it. >> what was the book? >> the richer sex. it was written by a terrific washington post reporter who is now at the new america foundation in washington. it generated -- it landed on the cover of time magazine and generated a huge conversation about how do we all need to adjust our lives to this new economic reality and is this good for men and women? we were in the camp of yes, anything that makes couples stronger and give up to their potential is a good thing. >> one of the authors or a pair of authors you worked with were nancy gibbs and michael duffy on the president's club, a book that booktv covered, our q&a covered as well. what was the process working on the president's club? >> i wish i could say i came up with that idea because it was such a brilliant idea but i didn't. nancy and michael had been working on that for quite some time and the idea came to them after they had written a very great book on billy graham and they realize the degree to which the presidents talk to the ex-presidents and how much fat club helped shape the presidency itself and that gave them the idea to explore the president's club into faraway and it was a very modern india -- idea of understanding the president because we had to get to the 21st century for there to be enough longevity and for practical reasons for this to be possible. what they found was presidencies were made stronger. sometimes challenged by people inside this club. what was interesting about it is you had a dozen characters all of whom had relationships with each other going towards the past and towards the future so the challenge in editing this book was how to structure it and if you look at how the book is built, we have an introduction to certain key partnerships all along the way because it helps the reader keep track of who the characters are, helps to move along chronologically while honoring history and the relationships as they actually happen. >> so they write the president's club, what was your role? what part did you play in that book? >> my role essentially was to help structure the book and give it an architecture that makes it so accessible to the reader, so easy to absorb that they forget that there are all these multiple characters on stage at once, then they could see it and not feel overwhelmed by it. my role was to cut something that i am a big believer in. if you our board as an editor there's a good chance your readers will be too. my role was to make sure that some of the inside knowledge they had was made completely transparent to the reader so that they knew where things came from and how you knew things but the san chilly when you have authors as talented as nancy and michael, you get up in the morning and skipped work. >> what is your editing process? what do you do when you first get the manuscript? >> it came in a section. the first thing you'd do is leave the office. you can't really do serious editing when you are in an office. you need to lock yourself somewhere else and completely immersed yourself in the book. there would be times when i would go out and get dinner and still be living in the middle of the nixon administration and run back and get back into it. you want the ability to sort of thing into the story as much as possible so you can see all of its beauty and occasionally, and more beautiful. >> do you take a pencil to it? >> i take a pencil to it. it comes from my days as a newspaper and magazine reporter and editor. allows me to to move back and forth easily. it allows me to sort of give it back to them as those they feel they can look at those notes and absorb them as they would on their own terms. >> another author you are working with that our audience would know is karl rove. did he choose you? did you choose him? how did that relationship begin? >> i had to audition for it. i got a call from my publisher. css me to go down to washington. it was the first book that i was asked to add it. i had been a journalist for 30 years, and he had read up on me and what's boreas i covered. we had politics in common. i had actually covered him as an editor for many decades and basically my argument is you should hire me because this is my first job and i can't screw it up and it works. >> is it different working with a personality, and they are not as well-known? >> no. i think every writer has to put themselves on the page so the process is up process by definition that makes writers feel vulnerable. the job of the editor is to ease and chili protect them but also make him feel comfortable with what they are saying. one of the first conversations i had with carl was no, you can start the book on page 30. you have to start the book with a lot of the pain of your childhood including your mother's suicide, your father leaving the home, you finding out later that your father was and your father, wanting to meet your real father. all of those issues have to be on the page, as difficult as they are to talk about because they are part of what made you you. if this is going to be a biography, then it needs to include that and he told me later that often times when he gets off by readers, they bring up the childhood stuff because they had experiences like his. and i think that is one way you make a personality who seems to be on stage more accessible to people. >> because of your background as a journalist do you work on a lot of non-fiction political books? >> yes i do. i work only on nonfiction and some of the books really are more not so much political as they are journalism. book on afghanistan. book on veterans. a book on the meat bracket, the industry of meat that has become an oligarchy. a lot of books that involved journalists spending many years of their lives digging into some of the issues we face and trying to make the readable. something someone would want to pay in hard cover $25 for and spend a lot of time with. >> you can watch this and other programs online at booktv.org. >> here is some of the latest news about the publishing industry. the book review journal turkish reviews announced nominees for the first-ever turkish prizes in fiction, nonfiction and young readers literature. the winners to will receive a $50,000 award will be announced oct. 20 third in austin, texas. authors united, a group formed to protest amazon's detente over e-book pricing has seen an increase in its membership. the new york times report several lawyers have recently joined the group, many not affiliated with it. .. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> welcome to boulder, colorado, located at the foothills of the rocky mountains near the flatiron range. it is the seat of older county and its most populated city with 100,000 residents. known for its beautiful scenery and outdoor recreation, boulder, colorado, was originally settled by gold seekers in the 1850s. in 1898 he became the home of the colorado chautauqua. one of three remaining in the country. with the help of our comcast cable partners, we will explore in the literary scene with local authors. we begin our special feature with david barron on the increase of downlines in suburban populations. >> this is a site that few of us want to see when looking out of our windows. to unwavering eyes staring back at you with a couple of friends nearby. but that is exactly what happens in colorado. >> it was a little bit frightening because the only thing that was protecting me was the see-through glass. my book is called "the beast in the garden." it's about a large animal that would've been called a peace, the mountain lion. in what is really a garden. that is boulder, colorado. a big part of what i'm trying to get across in my book is the artificiality of the american landscape and of this wednesday. it is a beautiful seemingly natural place but it has been altered by humankind. when you get this wild animal coming into this landscape, you can cause changes in the behavior of the animal and that is what we saw is a change in online behavior is the mountain lions adapted to this human creative landscape. the period that i write about in my book is from the late '80s through the early '90s and that was a special time in the history of mountain lions. until that time, there were no lines in this area. historically they were here. but back in the late 1800s and the early 19 hundreds, there was a plan to exterminate them and they were found in very small numbers, but not so much in the boulder area. then they came back into an eco-conscious animal loving community and people were thrilled to see these large, beautiful cat come near this beautiful open space. whereas 1500 years ago if a lion had been found here it would've been shot. in the late '80s they were thrilled to have lions. unfortunately that cause problems because the lions were not being hassled and they found that older was a great place to live because there was lots of food and there were deer in the open space and you're living in town, the lions got used to living here. i believe and the scientist that i write about in my book leave that the lions change their behavior and they learned that people were no longer going to happen to them. in essence they were welcomed and and that caused some conflict. but in some cases a white scary and one that i write about in detail. one of the things that i think it is interesting of that mountain lion here in boulder is a concept that we are seeing are not just do to we move where the lines are, but we are luring him and to where we are. and so it's a number of things that are going on. a mountain lion's favorite food is venison and eat about one gear a week. the majority of the diet is mule beers around here. this was created back in the late 1800s and so boulder had surrounded itself with open space largely purchased since the 1960s. is that open space area was turned into ranchland in essence a wildlife refuge, we saw the deer population go up. and then the deer population living on the outskirts of this beautiful and lush city, where we have irrigated gardens and lawns, the city attracted it and so we had a herd of deer living in downtown boulder. in the late '80s when the lions moved back into the area, they were in an open space area and then they discovered that there were deer in town. so they where the line into town and then they discovered that some lions have really made a habit of eating dogs and they started by eating miniature poodles and work their way up to black labrador is and doberman pinschers being attacked by lions at that time and that is food for them. and so the lions were learning and they have learned that this is where they will find food. there is certainly food up there as well, but there's a lot to eat in town. so we are sending a message to them to come on in. there are quite a few times when lions have encountered each other here. so for the vast majority of people that height, they will never see a lion. but it's quite likely that lions see them. they want watch us all the time and they have no interest in attacking people. but once in a while he gets it in his head that a person look like potential prey. we've had some scary cases just over my left shoulder. there is flagstaff mountain and back about 10 years ago a 7-year-old boy was holding his father's hand at a trio of near the parking lot. very popular. the lion came out of the bushes and attacked the young boy and carried him off and thank goodness he survived. his jaw was broken, but otherwise he was okay. and back around 1990 there was a 20-year-old medical student in the foothills back here that was going for a job and she encountered two lines and sheila to do. she made herself look big, she yelled at them, she threw rocks and the lions didn't go away and they pursued her up a tree. she stomped on the head of one of them and knocked it to her to the ground and another came up after her. she broke off a dead branch, fashioned a primitive spear and battled him. she was convinced that she was going to die. she was traumatized by that but he survived. but the central story in my book in the most tragic was the death of a young man named scott lancaster who is 18 years old and a senior in high school and went to high school in idaho springs, about 25 miles away. he was a very athletic young man was training with an olympic cycling coach and everyday after every day after lunch you would go for a job i'm nice cool and one day in january 1991 he ran out and he didn't come back. in the search party was sent out and it took two days before they found his body. at first they thought that he had been the victim of a risley murder and then they discovered that there was a mountain lion guarding his body and the lion was killed in the forensic evidence showed conclusively that the lion had killed him and consumed him and that was a wake-up call. a wake-up call for boulder, colorado, and for the whole western. because until his death in 1991, of mountain lions were considered virtually harmless and they were thought to be a wilderness species that couldn't live anywhere near where people live. they were thought to be largely nocturnal. and they thought that the only time they would attack a person is if the lion was starving or rabbit or if there was a young child and this just went against all of that. because you had a healthy 18-year-old young man in the middle of the day right behind his high school killed by what turned out to be a perfectly healthy lion. i believe that what happened to scott lancaster was directly related to what happened here in boulder in those two years immediately prior to his death. so the lion and killed him probably had learned not to fear people, had learned that there's food around human habitation and was primed on that day not to run when it saw a person but to attack and that was the event that really did change the way that wildlife vestiges view mountain lions. and unfortunately scott lancaster's death, it was the first time in more than a hundred years of an adult had been killed by a mountain lion, except the one person that was killed by a rabid lion in california. scott was the first adult that we know of to be killed and since then, you know, it's still very rare, but once every other year somewhere in the western united enter canada, we have another fatal attack. so people are more cautious. i definitely don't mean to scare people. colorado has far more significant risks and a lot more people die skiing were certainly riding their bikes, there are a lot of terrible things that can happen in colorado. no minds are pretty low on the list. and it's something that i think as a community we need to be smart about. bolder still loves having lions around. they are thrilled to live in a place that still has these great large carnivores. but if the line is getting too comfortable in town or eating people's dogs, showing itself in the middle of the day in town, a ranger will be called out and the first thing is that it will be scared off and shot with rubber buckshot and bean bags, saying go away, you're not welcome here. if he keeps coming back it will be euthanized and killed. so we haven't gone back to the old days and i hope we never go back to that. but we are also not doing what we did 20 years ago, which was bring them on in and leave them alone. today i think that boulder is trying to strike a balance between preserving the lion and maintaining public safety. striking a balance when it comes to wildlife is never easy. and it's something that led me to write the book. before i was an environment correspondent for npr. when i took the job, i thought that i would be doing a lot of stories about wild animals. specifically about animals in the face of human development. and what surprised me was the number of stories that i was doing back in the 1990s. about the opposite phenomenon and animals becoming more abundant and moving into human habitat. because of the protection and protection open-space that we have for so many species, what i saw about grizzlies in montana and dear in new england, it was the same dynamic occurring. you have these two communities. one camp is saying, okay, we have too many beavers, they are in our backyard. too many deer. it's time we started hunting them and moving them out. and then you have an opposite camp saying that this isn't an animal problem but a people problem. and we should leave these beautiful creatures alone. what i saw happening time and again where these communities shouting at the other, and that is a big part that led me to write the book. the what happened here in boulder -- i think it's indicative of what has happened with many species including deer and raccoons and coyotes. but there are a lot of species that have learned to live with us and have been moving into our communities at the same time that our communities are moving to where they are. and if we're ever going to solve these conflicts, i think that we have to get away from that polarizing debate and realize that it is a people problem and an animal problem and we have to deal with both of these problems. we have to deal with the people that change their behavior so we don't encourage the animals to cause problems. and i think it means managing the animals as well, particularly those individuals that may pose a threat to us. a lot of people tell me that they become paranoid after reading my book about mountain lions. and i don't want to scare people unduly. i don't want to make it so that you won't go hiking. downlines here, i go hiking all the time. i don't go by myself, but i just take a friend with me. and i don't worry that much about encountering a mountain lion. the risk is very low. however, i think there is a danger in seeing them as cute and harmless animals. and when i started to write the book, this is going back 15 years ago now, there really wasn't that much attention being paid to mountain lions. when i would interview people for my reporting for npr, i interviewed a couple who had an online here in colorado that was in their yard and they walked out there and they took pictures and i said oh, what a beautiful cat. and i think you should be more scared than. i think that a little bit of fear brings respect. a little bit of fear says that it's not okay to have a lion hanging out in their yard, getting so comfortable bed could become a threat. and we respect animals and are cautious about them and what i generally hear from people is that for a few weeks after reading the book and that is where we want to be. taking reasonable precautions and not being so afraid that you won't be able to enjoy disputable land. >> while visiting colorado, with the help of our local cable partner, we spoke with margaret coel, author of the "chief left hand: southern arapaho." >> chief left hand was one of the indians in the 1800s. he lived here in colorado on the plains of colorado. in the long to the arapaho's and the cheyenne people. and so what made him great, he was a piece indian chief. we know all about the war chiefs and the warriors thundering across the plain fighting the enemies. but we don't hear a lot about indian chiefs that were for peace. but they work very hard to bring all of the newcomers who are coming on to indian lands, rating them and the tribe together, finding a way to different people of different cultures could live together. and chief left hand was one of those really great piece people great he was also fluent in english and this was highly unusual in the mid-1800s for any indians to be fluent in english or in any other language other than the language that indians spoke. each tribe had its own language. but the common language was the sign language. so everyone communicated with signs. no one had to learn anyone else's language. and here was this man was fluent in english. i'm a writer and i set out to answer the question that i wanted answered and that was how did he become fluent in english. i thought i would write a magazine article on him. and i ended up writing a biography on him and i found out that when he was young, a white trader married his sister and started living near the village and took him, probably 10 or 11 or something, took him under his wing and taught him english. so he was fluent in english. when the gold rush occurred in 1858 in colorado and the records of people coming across the plains, destroying indian land, running off, slaughtering the arapaho, taking charge of the indian land, that happen. who would be the man who would try to make peace with these people and try to figure out some way that these newcomers and his people in the cheyenne people could work together. and that was the chief because he could speak their language. he wanted to get to know the white people. and there were a lot of spanish people out here and people from mexico as well. the gold rushers who came out who stayed and planted themselves down on indian land, those people were from the eastern states and most of them were of european descent. so the arapaho people, they look at all these people and they said, they saw all the people and they thought they had come to the plains and so here they are and here is left-handed. what's he going to do? he's going to talk to these people and he can speak their language. his brother-in-law was a white man who lived with the people. so he was not put off by that. he could get along with them. he liked to spend the winters in boulder. he would bring his village to boulder in the winter and he would go around and get to know these new sellers and speak with them. he would spend time on the branches with them talking over what was going on and the conflicts that were occurring, asking their advice about what he should do, what can we do that we can all get along here. and this is a big land. why can't we all get along to he went and met with the governor john adams, he met with the military authorities and he talked to them. he actually -- he ran an article that was very derogatory towards the arapaho people and he went down to the rocky mountain news office in denver and went to see the editor and demanded a retraction. they didn't even call it then, but basically he said this is not what happened. what you wrote is not true and we want to write the truth. now, he couldn't read and there's no evidence that he learn to read english. but he knew so many of the people that spoke english but somebody told him and he went down and got them to change it. one time he took his lawyers, several of his lawyers, and he went to the theater in denver and he went to a play there. so after the play was over he jumped up on a stage and he gave a talk and it was reported. there was a reporter that said he is just one to give a very good talk. and he said i came here looking for gold and they said take your gold and go home. but that wasn't going to happen. they decided they were going to stay because then they thought they could find more gold. but he would do that. he tried to reach out to people and to the authorities and always saying that we want peace with you. we don't want to fight you and how could they fight 150,000 people armed? and so he said we want peace and we want to be able to live here and live side by side. that was always his agenda and what he truly work for and he made a very sad mistake of believing what the authorities told him. but of course, they lied. and they lied to the other peace chief as well, who were to cheyenne piste sheaves working together and and so he can translate what the other peace chiefs want to tell the white authorities. so they understand and know uncertain terms. so that was the idea of who he was and he worked very hard and he gave his life in the quest for peace out here on the plains. and he died at the sand creek massacre which occurred on november 29, 1864, in southeast colorado. and it was the anniversary of the indians. this came about after the authorities in denver told the peace chief, take your people, go down to the creek and wait and we will make an agreement with you. we will make a treaty with you. and so they did. and they ran out and they gathered their people and they brought them here and he believed these people and he brought them here. the cheyenne people came in and there were more of them than the arapaho is and the rest of them hadn't gotten there yet. but he was tracking them and he knew when they came into a creek and he sent the kernel, who is a military head out here in colorado, and they march down and attacked a sleeping village at dawn on november 29 and slaughtered a lot of the people and most of the people they killed were women and children and old people. and he died a few days later. so he gave his life believing in peace in believing that there was going to be some agreement that was going to be made and that his people would be able to live here on the plane and have a place to live. they knew that they wouldn't have the whole plains like they were before to move their villages and hunt the buffalo. they knew that. the buffalo were diminishing as more and more newcomers came here. they knew that they were going to have that. but they kept asking for a reserved area where they could live in peace. that is where the term preservation comes from. it is a reserved area of their own land where they could live in safety. and that is what he was hoping for and did not come about. "chief left hand: southern arapaho" was published in 1981 and it has never gone out of print. i think that as time has gone by and people have gotten interested in wanting to know about his life and what happened to him, that has just driven the interest in my book. so when i wrote the book i just became upset with this topic. i wanted to know who these people were who had lived on the plains before my family came out here. i am a fourth-generation colorado woman. so i wanted to know who are the people here but war and how do they live and where do they live and what became of them? then i found that chief left hand, he was fluent in english. so i thought, okay, i have to write about this guy. and so i became obsessed with the whole subject. at the time i spent five years researching and writing the book and everyone said to me, what are you doing? other writers and historians, there were lots of people who said why are you writing about this? it just wasn't a great interest at that time in the late 70s when the book came out in the indian people and in the indian chiefs. today there is much more of an interest and there have been wonderful books written about the various indian chiefs, crazy horse and red cow and single and different ones like that that we know about. so i just think that as time has gone by, we have become more aware that we are not the first people that were here on the plains. and there was a whole other culture that live here. and i think that there's more of an interest into rna. more of the same questions like the questions that i asked. where are they and what became of them. and then the whole idea of the peace chiefs, that was truly new. no one ever thought that there were indian chiefs that were trying to make peace. we always thought, okay, they were warriors trying to make war. but in fact it just to time for something to finally come together and for the interest to develop. but certainly he is very well known today and i'm happy. i think that he should be well known and applauded and honored for the life that he lived and what he did. >> coming up next, we take a tour of juniper books, which creates custom book collections as a way to encourage people to keep books in their homes. booktv visited the store with the help of art cable partner, comcast. >> the concept is to make books that customers want to keep and enjoy for their whole lives. so we do a bunch of different things for making book covers to jane austen and ernest hemingway and we also curate entire libraries and work with clients with books they might pick out. cookbooks for the kitchen, our books for the living room. really making this look like they fit in as much as they are great books to begin and it started off as a hobby, i started selling those on the internet about 13 years ago. there were a few requests over the years. people that wanted me to help them build a book collection. and the requests were always different and i wondered if there was business in there. over the years, the products got more and more decorative as well as one propagated. so it can be anything from a charles dickens book to an entire household of pink books. they very and people want to decorate their homes and their shelves with beautiful books. so they might spend a couple of years remodeling their house and repainting their walls and ripping out the upholstery and then they get to the bookshelf and realize that the books that we used to have don't fit in anymore so we'd like to make things look like they belong but we won't have control over her nonfiction and civil war of books for my husband and i want literary classics. so we will work with the clients to get exactly the books that they want and have them delivered and make them look like they want to. this is our showroom in boulder. trying to keep one set of everything that we have made out here including the specific book sets that we made from jd salinger to russian literature, game of thrones, all the way over to the american flag in the middle. there's the books and cooking classic making great gifts for people, housewarming gifts. on the right we have a lot of cookbooks stuff. i have a 5-year-old and an 8-year-old i love to read and they love to bring home a bunch of different editions of the books they like to read and we recently introduced is water resistant paper and these are great. and they are also great books with various fairy tales and things like that. and so our graphic design area is right here. all of these are created here and this is comprised of people handling shipping and orders. this is where we tackle the books were they ship out of the library. sort of complex, they have to be packed securely and a ship around the world. we have a graphic design team working on book jacket designs and custom orders and we will sometimes get a customer that says i want a set of our books, i want a photo of the bride and groom across the side and we will lay that out and get it approved and ship it to them. so this is our warehouse and we keep stock of all the books that you saw there so when a customer orders we can get it shipped out right away. it's custom back in the design center we would make various customizations and personalized changes. we try to keep a little bit of inventory in addition to that so that when a customer says i just spent three years building a house and now i'm having a housewarming party in a week, but my shelves are empty, we can put together a library for them or start them off curating if it's a longer lead time. we have everything like you see here on this card to cookbooks. sometimes customers wanting colors, to sort of gathering some art books, sorting them by subject and color, laying his out and we work with the customer so we know exactly how many books. this is the beginnings of a project for a client who gave us a list of subjects they were interested in and included everything from history of american business leaders to jewish history and our books and then he wants an image of the brooklyn bridge. so we had a photographer and we sent him to new york. he came back and in a few weeks the entire wall makes up that image that you see right there. they'd have that title's work into the book jacket. it's a beautiful art installation as well as a library. we put a lot of attention to detail with everything that we do try to make it perfect before it ships. one project we had last summer was a hole golf course library. based on one photo of the fairway. took about 10 weeks to produce and went across 900 books. each one we made sure lined up perfectly and made sure that every book is coded and that was probably one of my favorite projects and one of the most labor intensive as well. sometimes we get criticism for being superficial and i've heard a lot of that over the years and i think that people, if they really look at what we do and combine great books with great aesthetics, giving people a reason to keep these books on their shelves, it's much deeper than people originally thing. in the age of e-books you have to give people a reason to own a printed book and to keep it on their shelf. what i have seen is that the publishers who have really invested in making these beautiful books that people want to keep art great editions and literary classics. so if you make the book better than it was before it can be wonderful. especially if you make it durable and wonderful and when we add our value, i think people really have a reason to add to their shelves. >> this weekend, booktv is in boulder, colorado with the help of our local cable partner. next, increased consumptions of processed food is seen as a negative consequence in "pandora's lunchbox." >> you think of food as something that comes from the ground and something that a farmer was involved in producing. we obviously still have farmers, but the story that i think that is important to really know about food is what happens when food leaves the farm and when it goes to the factories and the lads in the food industry is and before it reaches our place. the title is "pandora's lunchbox", how processed food have taken over the american mule, it's an inside look at the industry. my definition that i like to use is that if it is a food or product than its a processed food. this actually applies to a lot of what we find in the middle aisles at your markets and things that appear on the menu is. i started covering the food industry almost about a decade ago. at that time i was coming into it as a business reporter and i covered business for about seven years. then i started covering the food and beverage industry for me. and pretty soon right away i became fascinated by the things i was learning as i talk to people that are food scientists. big food manufacturers, they make the food in the grocery store at restaurants and they make these ingredients are going to processed foods. i started talking to these people and i was very curious about what scientists do and i started going to trade shows, learning what food is to them, it was very different from how i thought of food in the whole conception of what food is in the we should do with food and how it is made and what can happen. i became fascinated with the technology and science that had been applied to it over the last century. but particularly accelerated by the last four decades. so i started going to this one tradeshow and it's one of the food industry's largest and i was going or than they were all of these companies that sell ingredients that go into processed foods and they have these huge conventions, about 1500 companies with all of their various products. a lot of them were completely foreign to me and it was an inscrutable beige and white powder. and this is something for a meet application or a cheese application. this is a type of software to be coded and put together. so it's really just a different way of thinking about food. they take something from the ground, comes from an animal and they dissected and disassemble it almost odd woman molecular component to create this ingredient that they've been reassemble or reengineer into a fully formed a food product sold at the supermarket. the model across the food industries to take food for commodity ingredients or crops, soy and wheat and corn and milk. to take those foods apart and create a milk protein concentrate or whey protein concentrate. no powders that can be put back into food. with corn you make all kinds of different starches and you modify the starches and all kinds of different ways. you create these starches in a high-tech process that happen in these big factories with soy and you make soybean oil out of it, out of the concentrate. and these are some of the processed food and if you go look at products that you will probably find one or more of those food ingredients in the food. so you're taking all of those ingredients that are prevalent in your putting them together and mixing them with other things and making a food ingredient out of them. toaster strudel is a great example. you can look at a box of toaster strudel and look at the ingredients and you almost can't find an actual real food ingredient, something that has not been completely broken down and highly processed, it is assembled ingredient that has been added back together with a bunch of things put back together, and it's called a toaster strudel. you can also see strange ingredients and other preservatives, flavorings and things you have no idea what they are and where they come from and only a food chemist can tell you. the problem with this and the reason it's important for people to understand that and the reason i wanted to write about it is because of what happens during those processes. one of the things is that sometimes it is intentional and other times unintentional when nutrition get destroyed. and so you lose vitamins and sometimes minerals and fiber and antioxidants. when you take food apart, one of the things is that you lose all of this synergy of nutrition that is present in real food or fresh fruit when it comes off the farm or out of the ground. the first processed foods started around the turn of the 20th century and started with something like breakfast cereals and something we think of as basic today which was novel at the time, the you can get your breakfast out of a box and i was ready to go when you pour milk on it. those are some of the more convenient food. at the time they were an incredible novelty and exciting for people. then you had things like processed cheese that started around 1915. in that first it was just things that people had at home in their pantry in addition to the meals they were cooking. it started accelerating after the second world war and the food industry started ramping up efforts to try to help making cakes at home, make dinners at home, buy frozen root, put them in the oven. it took a while before the food industry was successful. they weren't truly successful until women started going back to the work force and it's been a slow gradual creep ever sends. the real acceleration really picked up speed in the 80s. thinking of it now, the fast food industry really just started in the 50s and even in the 70s there was a fraction of the numbers of mcdonald's and taco bell's and kfc chains that there are today. so it's been a gradual infiltration of cultural notions of eating. where we should eat. a lot of these benefits of processed foods were convenience. consumer products, buy her products, it will save you time for cooking. a lot of these were old after the food industry put out, and some of them were really funny and humorous. get out of the steamy kitchen, don't bother to cook, it's so much easier just to eat our food. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> dinnertime, too late to make dessert enact it's not too late now because now the jell-o family brings you new jell-o instant pudding. >> it was appealing. people are busy and it it's easo not have to cook in the kitchen. some people think that cooking is a hassle and they perceive it that way in part because at the message that the food industry has been presenting. so the big cell was really convenience and also pays. that kind of sells itself. the food is designed to taste amazing and a ramp it up with lots of salt and sugar which triggers our taste buds and fires nerves up in our brains. and the other appeal was coke and pepsi and soda, gatorade, they make it seem like a ton of fun, especially for kids. but it has a big fun aspect to it. just in the u.s. it's roughly at $128 for the industry. so it is an incredible amount of product volume. unfortunately a lot of the processed food items have a lot of higher profit margins than non-items. select one of the highest margin food products is soda and gatorade and essentially that is sugar water, it has huge profit margins in the sea food and beverage companies pushing these things all the time. because those are the things that boost the bottom line and the thing that they need to show to investors that they continue to increase sales and profit margin and move forward and generate more value for the shareholders which is what companies are supposed to do. also most of them are publicly traded companies and i think it's one of the reasons why people, it's really good reason why people need to think skeptically about who is making their food and what they are outsourcing. they are outsourcing their food preparation to. that's not to say that they are evil and they have horrible intentions where the people are malicious and they're trying to make someone sick, but they need to continue to increase this and the way to do it is to sell more food and a lot of the junky stuff. the average american eats about 70% of their calories from processed foods. the most obvious ramification is obesity. and then there's all kinds of other things that goes along with it. type two diabetes, things like that, that comes from the abundance of sugar and a white flower. it also reeks metabolic havoc. and there's all kinds of other autoimmune diseases and other things that are links to linked to our diet and other aspects of our lifestyle. so it's hard to piece about sometimes, but there's a lot of evidence that when people do cut back on processed food or give it up entirely, which is hard to do, cutting back is a huge benefit and they have problems clear up end result have been in the evidence. i talked to so many people from everything went skin tags to constipation, all kinds of things. there is a concern for eating these additives are not really food and never meant to be consumed by human beings and there's a staggering number of these additives made with chemicals in our food, about 5000 and nobody knows how many are actually going into the system of regulation -- it's extremely porous. there are a number of things to be concerned about. removing a number of these and there are certain things and i look for in a package and a five via, i don't buy it. something like dha, which is classified as a probable carcinogen by the government and you still find it in food and there's another chemical that's used in food and bread as an oxidizing agent to give it a nice texture and that is something in the plastics industry. it's probably a carcinogen when subjected to high temperatures and so that's something that we try to avoid as well. and i could go on and on. something to be concerned about in the general rule from is not to consume anything that you really don't know where it's coming from or what it is. look at products, read the ingredients, look for things that have ingredients in them that you recognize and that you might have in your home kitchen or have some sense of what this says. and a lot of people think that eating well is a luxury of the rich. do you have to have a lot of money and you hear this from the processed food industry. not in those particular words, they say it more subtly. but they basically say that in order for people to eat on a budget committee to have processed foods and it's unrealistic to eat fresh foods if you have limited means. but when you really look at it and go into the supermarket, provided that you have a supermarket in your neighborhood, most people do, you can find an incredible number of things in the fresh version is actually cheaper than the processed version. one example of that is chicken. you go to the meat section and the fresh chicken breast, it's less expects to the processed frozen stuff, whatever it is in the frozen section. and so there's an incredible number of ways to eat healthy by shopping at the supermarket and looking for the right things, it's a little bit of an education issue because people need to know what to look for and how to prepare it at home. i do see the tide shifting where people are starting to think more skeptically about what is in the suit? what is this box and who put this product together and what is in it? what are these ingredients? where did this come from? there's a lot more skepticism and critical thinking. but i think it is a full build and i think a lot of people are starting to open their eyes a little bit more. but there's more work to be done and i think there are certain areas of the country where people are a little bit slower to think critically about the food industry and the food that they are eating. for a lot of people it can be really difficult because it does require some additional effort and if you're busy trying to make ends meet, it is a huge challenge. and it's a challenge for people to try and reach those people and make them understand how much better their life would be if they made simple changes to their diet and how they would feel better on a day-to-day basis. the kids help would improve, their health would improve, just a higher all the of live with even some small changes. >> this weekend, booktv is in boulder, colorado. with the help of our local cable partner comcast. coming up next, we sit down with thomas andrews whose book takes a look at a mask of a massacre that left 19 dead. >> for me what is so important about the centennial's massacre is that this is an opportunity for how important the labor movement has been in think about the sacrifices that previous generations have made. the ludlow massacre was something that happened in april april 1914. about 20 people were killed on that day, 18 of them were strikers and there was one bystander was killed that day. in the 19 hundreds was dominated by three companies. they started off as a colorado company but in 1903 the rockefeller family became the majority shareholder and that was actually during the worst of an earlier strike that lasted from 1903 21904. by that time they controlled one of the 20 largest industrial worms in the united states. this massive company had dozens of coal mines and ironed all minds. and that was an enormous company. as it was known it was really intent on controlling its workers. one of the main ways that it tried to do that, you know, it was an effective way to suppress labor militancy. in particular controlling the mine workers of america and the larger scene in the united states. so when the strike began, most of the coal miners by that point, one of the sort of consequences is that if you went on strike you have problems in short order. it begins in september and almost instantly, upwards of 10,000 coal miners went to pennants numbering around 60,000 who are out of their homes. and so the union had plans to set up this situation. very early on it was outside a little junction town in a town where all there was was the railroad detail in a few houses. so most of the people that lived there were evicted from company housing and then it was a refugee camp of sorts. but it was one with a purpose in the strikers were there on that particular stretch of ground because from that position they could harass and try to stop companies from employing workers to replace them. they knew that if they could get strikebreakers into the minds, the cost would be lost. there were two important consequences that would have important implications for the massacre. the first of these is that because of the shooting that was so common by october of 1913, many strikers decided that they should dig cellars underneath their 10 and part of this was that they were digging in for the winter and these sellers were to store food and these cellar's were also supposed to be defensive structures. and they wanted to have a place where women and children could be safeguarded. and the other important consequence of the shooting and of the violence around them is that the state militia was called out. at the behest of local law enforcement officials, the governor sent to the state militia. at this point they had a bad reputation among the labor movement. the militia had been used repeatedly to break previous strikes in the mining region and in the gold and silver areas. so they didn't have a good reputation in colorado. but this is a democratic administration in colorado that had been elected with heavy support what the labor movement and they decided essentially to cut the bullish as some slack. so the militia was actually welcomed with open arms by most strikers. most believe that the militia would come and be a peacemaking force. or a peacekeeping force. and so the strikers, there were about 1200 of them and they had a parade with state militia when they showed up and the tragedy that would become apparent six months later. the militia really changes of character over the winter of 1913 and 1914. two big things happen in the first was that most of the militia who had been in the national guard at the beginning of the strike were on 90 day tours of duty and this was a really unpleasant job and the horrible winter. the farm boys and clerks were defending them at the beginning of the strike but they didn't want to reenlist. so the militia becomes increasingly populated by men who had worked at iron companies. and the other thing is that colorado had a treasurer that was sympathetic to the labor movement and he distrusted the militia and thought he could control them if you refuse to pay their bills. and so the irony of this is that what the militia did in response was going to the coal operators and they organized a set of meetings with the other large industrial is in the bankers and the railroad companies and coal mine operators. essentially they started funding the state militia. so the state militia by the spring of 1914 populated mostly by a mine guard and so the conflict, tensions mount over the winter of 1913 and 1914. and there's more violence and controversy, and it's from beginning to end. .. >> mostof the evidence suggests tht there have been all sorts of -- a lot of trash talking on the day before, on april 19th. both militiamen and strikeers at ludlow believed that their opponents were getting ready to start something. both groups were actually sort of ready to go. they were fearing for their lives. they both feared their opponents were going to attack them on the next day. on the morning of april 20th, the head of the militia at ludlow ordered one of the strike leaders, a guy named louie who was a greek, he was known as louie the greek, often referred to as the captain of the ludlow colony, the local militia commander orders him to come in and, you know, there was a woman looking for her husband, she was claiming that her husband was being held by the strikers against his will. and this seemingly minor incident would actually set the stage for the violence that happened later on. one thing led to another. it's impossible to tell at this point, i think, who shot first, but gunfire began. both sides were really ready for a fight. both sides believed that the other, that their opponent was about to, was about to try to wipe them away. and so the fighting got very heated very quickly. and the next stage in the fighting then is that the strikers tried to get -- the strikers tried to save the tank colony. so they used the cellars they had dug the previous winter. most of the women and children were put underground for their own protection. and then the male strikers tried to divert the militia's fire away from the tank colony. so they tried to get out of there. they went into an arroyo, sort of a dry creek bed, and tried to get the militiamen to shoot at them instead of shooting at the colony. the problem with this strategy is that the militiamen now basically had the tank colony at their disposal. so by the afternoon of april 20th, the militia takes over the tank colony and under very suspicious circumstances, the tank colony caught on fire. you know, it's a little tough to say how it caught on fire. this is one of the many things that remains somewhat controversial about the ludlow massacre. you know, strikers would accuse the militiamen of deliberately setting the tents on fire, militiamen would say, no, they were using exploding bullets. i think they may well have set the tents on fire. some of tents burned very, very hotly and above one, above one cellar in particular, there was a cellar that was being used as an infirmary, and the people in there were mostly young children and women. the fire burned so hot that it began to suck all the oxygen out of the cellar, and most of the people within the cellar -- not all of them, but most of them -- were asphyxiated. a few people made it out alive, but, you know, it was really this event. it was the deaths of these women and children in this cellar that elevated something that was more, i mean, it's unclear whether we call in the ludlow massacre today without that large amount of killing in that particular cellar. as the day was ending on april 20th, strikers throughout southern colorado learned of what had happened at ludlow. they didn't quite know what the body count was. there was a lot of crazy rumors. people were saying 60 people were killed, 100 people were killed. the body count wouldn't be clear for several days, but they knew that a lot of the dead or were women and children, and so strikers throughout the region uncached weapons that they had hidden against the governor's orders. the national guard was supposed to disarm the strikers, but the strikers didn't trust the national guard. and so they had guns cached throughout southern colorado. the strikers got out their weapons, they actually formed themselves into small military brigades. a lot of them were military veterans, and they knew how to fight. they actually were better at small group tactics than the state militia turned out to be. and they waged what people at the time called the ten days' war, really a sort of guerrilla war. you could even think of it as an uprising. it was a kind of rebellion. and by the time they laid down their arms ten days later when woodrow wilson sent federal troops out, they'd killed about 30 people, they'd dynamited a couple of mines, they'd destroyed a couple of company towns. and their target was very deliberate. they were trying to hit the companies at the places where they had felt most oppressed which was in the mines and the company towns. the massacre and the ten days that followed it would have lasting reverberations. it would take weeks, months you can in some ways -- in some cases even years for all of the loose ends of this tragedy to sort of play themselves out. the ludlow massacre, each to this day -- even to this day, is quite controversial. i think it's only been in the last few decades that people have been comfortable talking about it. in a lot of ways, this was a, it was a kind of civil war in that part of the state. there were a lot of families that had people on both sides. and these communities were, these are fairly small, tight-knit communities, and people often, you know, sort of had family members or friends on the other side. so this continued to be a really divisive history. it wasn't something that people readily talked about in most of the, in most of the former communities of the coal fields. i mean, ludlow was part of a series of struggles, a series of very violent conflicts by which american workers managed to achieve significant gains. and, you know, even though ludlow and the coal field strike of 1914 themselves were in a lot of ways massive defeats to the union, they played a small but important part in paving the way for new deal era labor relations. and new deal policies in turn, i think, were really responsible in a lot of ways for creating the american middle class. and, you know, i mean, thanks to the labor movement american workers by the mid 20th century or were enjoying unprecedented standards of living, working conditions improved significantly in coal mining and in a lot of other industries. and i think at this point in the, you know, in the early 21st century the labor movement in the united states has gotten so small, it's so besieged by the so-called right to work movement and larger shifts in the economy that i think it's easy for many people to forget just how important work and working people are to our democracy and to our prosperity. >> during our recent visit to boulder, colorado, we talked with hammond norhouse, author of "the beekeeper's lament." >> my name's john miller. i keep honeybees. it's what i do. it's what i always did. my dad was a bee guy, his dad was a bee guy, his dad was a bee guy. it's what we do. >> john miller is a migratory beekeeper. he keeps 10,000 beehives, and he takes them between california and north dakota. so he's a commercial beekeeper. he sells honey and pollinates crops. i had no idea that the honeybee was so important to the american diet, to everybody's diet when i started this project. i just thought bees were fuzzy and cute and made honey, and i like sweet stuff, so i always loved honey. pretty quickly i learned that honeybees actually pollinate one in every three bites of food we eat, including the really good stuff like cherries, berries, all the pit fruits, peaches, legumes. so we would be able to eat -- we wouldn't be able -- we would be able to eat, but our diet would be a lot less interesting and a lot less fun for us. and the way modern agriculture works now, you can't count on the local bees to pollinate these crops because, you know, there are miles and miles of crops as far as the eye can see, and they all bloom at once, and you need a lot of bees when they bloom, and then all the petals fall off, and bees can't survive in that environment. so the way modern agriculture works, it really requires these guys like john miller to haul their bees in while the crops are blooming to pollinate them m and get them out as quickly as possible afterwards. i first met john miller in 2004, and right when i met him, he lost about half his bees that year. and a lot of his friends lost even more. and at the time it didn't get a lot of attention. and then i i followed him around and kept in touch with him, and two years later, in 2006-2007, a beekeeper named dave hackenberg discovered a bunch of his bees had flown off and disappeared. the queen was still there, it was basically a healthy colony except for all of the foragers had disappeared. this became known as colony collapse disorder which got a lot of media attention because it was mysterious. nobody knew what was causing it, and the bees just disappeared. but in reality, honeybees have been dying and have been in trouble for a while. especially since the early '90s when this nasty little mite arrived in the u.s. it arrived in 1987, by the early '90s it sort of blanketed the country, and it's really hard to keep your bees healthy without treating for these mites. the managed hives are surviving, but at great cost. they're putting medicines in there that aren't very good for the bees. so there's this mite problem, and in 2004 john miller, when he lost all those bees, he assumed it was something, some virus that was a result of the mites, some sort of event. and then the honeybees started dying again in 2006 and 2007, and suddenly people started paying attention to it. that's called colony collapse disorder, but i think people tend to confuse the larger honeybee dieoffs which were because of a number of things. the mites, nutrition, the stresses that these bees are undergoing, they're dying for lots of reasons, and colony collapse disorder was a specific event that happened in 2006 to 2009 about, and we really haven't seen much of it lately, but bees are still dying. right now the beekeepers are hanging in there. they're getting paid more for their pollination work. their biggest sort of cash cow is almond pollination. almonds are incredibly reliant on honeybee pollination. for an acre of almonds if it's not pollinated, it'll produce about 40 pounds of almonds. if it's pollinated by honeybees or other bees, it'll produce over a thousand. so it's a huge x almonds are a huge profit center for farmers right now. so they're making lots of money, and they're paying beekeepers lots of money right now to bring their bees in and pollinate the crops. but, and right now almond prices are high enough to sustain that. other produce does not pay as well for bees to go in there. they go into apples and cherries, and they're not paid as well. and so if honeybees -- if beekeepers can't keep their bees healthy and have to put so much money into, like, restocking and growing their bees back, we could see produce crops, produce prices, sorry, going up. it's not really happening right now, but that's something that we need to keep an eye on. even though these guys are losing, you know, the numbers they're saying it's about a third of the bee population has been dying each year. it's a little better this year, there's some years it's a little worse, but that's not really a number they consider sustainable. they consider 10-15% losses sustainable. even though they're losing all these bees each year, the number of hives and colonies in the country has not gone down because they are filling their hives and restocking. there are more and more backyard beekeepers these days, and it's really become quite popular in the last few years as all this urban agriculture has become more trendy. i think a lot of people have responded to what's happened with all the honeybee losses by getting hives in their yards. it's actually a wonderful development because these big commercial beekeepers really can't afford to, they can't afford to lose all their bees. this is their livelihood. they have tons of employees who depend on them. so they have to treat their bees for these mites, they have to feed them supplemental feed, all the things that a lot of people -- and they have to haul them around to pollinate crops which none of those things are great for honeybees, but this is what they need to do. they love what they do, they love their bees, and they want to keep them alive. backyard beekeepers really have the opportunity to -- they have the freedom to fail. they're just doing it for fun, and so a lot of local backyard beekeepers have, they experiment with genetics, they're not getting the same good, strong, productive bees that the commercial beekeepers are getting. they're getting local bees, and they're not treating for mites, they're not giving sugar water, and they're just letting their bees sink or swim. and that's, it's really, you know, people are hoping that their experiments will filter up into the commercial environment if they can build stronger bees and find ways to take care of their bees without these, you know, big industrial treatments and without hurting their bees and perhaps that'll ultimately build a stronger national herd as well. i think the public is more and more aware of how important honeybees are to us because of things like colony collapse disorder and the 30 % of honeybees that are dieing each year. and one of the things -- dying each year. one of the things i conclude in my book is in some ways it may be one of the best things that's happened to the honeybee. as i mentioned, they were dying in large numbers even before colony collapse disorder hit. and they, nobody knew about it. nobody knew how important they were. it was just something these beekeepers had to suck it up, and there wasn't a lot of money and research. and now there's, you know, a lot more money going into research, and people are really concerned, and they realize how important bees are. you know, you go into your whole foods, and they all have little pins, the checkers, that say give bees a chance. so in some ways the horrendous few years that these beekeepers have had may, ultimately, help them and help us be aware of what the honeybee means to all of us. >> on booktv's recent visit to boulder, colorado, we took a tour of several historic sites with the author of "boulder, colorado: a sense of time and a place revisited." >> my book is "boulder: a sense of time and place revisited." it's a collection of history columns that i've written for the boulder daily camera. my book starts with the gold prospectors who came here in 1859 and settled boulder as a supply town for mining up in the mountains. there were a small group of prospectors who were headed toward the denver area. they took a detour, and they came to boulder. i don't know if it was the mountain backdrop of what lured them here, but they came here, they settled here, and then they prospected in the streams and that led them up into the mountains. boulder is here because of those prospectors and because of mining. when we discuss mining in boulder, there's a lot of different minerals that were mined. gold is the one that most people think of, but there was also silver, there was tungsten, out on the plains it was coal, there were a lot of stone quarries that built many of buildings here. so the economy was fueled by all this different types of mining. and the gold mining, it had three different periods of mining activity. there was that initial boom in the beginning, and then things kind of quieted down during the civil war years. and it didn't start up again until 1872 when the discovery of telluride brought in a new influx of people. at that time the miners brought their families, they brought their wives, they built roads and schools and churches and brought civilization to the west. one of the things that distinguishes boulder from other frontier communities, particularly in colorado, is its emphasis on higher education. boulder was founded in 1859, but as early as 1861, one of the territorial legislatures spoke up and asked that the university be in boulder n. 1876 it was founded after boulder residents came together and donated land and donated money. and it started in just one building. they called it old main. it's still there. but it had everything. it had classrooms, it had the chemistry lab, and the only thing it didn't have that first year were college students because nobody could pass the exam to get in. so they had 44 college preparatory students make up the first class, and ten of them went on the next year, and they became the first graduating class four years later. it remained fairly small for many years. it didn't really boom, so to speak, until after world war ii. but it did bring in a steady income and a steady supply of people to work there, buy housing, to bring in students. so it was considered a college town pretty much from when the university was founded. the emphasis on education in boulder has certainly been a huge drawing card, and it still is today. >> for more information on booktv's recent visit to boulder, colorado, and the many other cities visited by our local content vehicles, go to c-span.org/local content. >> booktv continues now with an interview from our college series. professor jacqueline maria hagen sat down with booktv to discuss her book, "migration miracle." she looks at the role that religion and the church play in helping migrants survive their difficult journeys to the north. this is about 30 minutes. >> host: unc professor jacqueline maria hagen, what's this picture on the cover of your newest book, "migration miracle"? >> guest: it's a cross. and it's a cross on top of a mountain, and the mountain is situated along the u.s./mexico border. and it's symbolic of the many migrants who have died in their attempts to cross the border into the united states, doing so without papers, without authorization. and as we know in -- as you may know and the media's told us, the numbers of fatalities, migrant fatalities, are increasing, and i think this year there were 400 deaths incurred to central americans and mexicans crossing into the united states. so that cross symbolizes their crossing experience, and the title of the book, "migration miracle," is basically taken from the words of the migrants who often described their successful journey as a miracle. >> host: how did those 400 die? what were the causes? >> guest: the causes range from being killed by a smuggler to suffocating in the back of a car to, um, asphyxiation, to drowning in the american canal or the gulf of mexico. many die in the desert, you know, not being able to reach food or water, being left behind. not really -- i mean, many of the migrants who travel here without papers are uncertain about their journey, and so it's organized increasingly by multiple coyotes, and it's become much more organized, and it's much more difficult for migrants to rely, for example, on a single person that they may know who has migration experience to take them across the border. so as the borders become heavily militarized and there's more campaigns along the border to prevent migration, it means that migrants have had to find more dangerous ways, basically, to reach the united states and rely increasing hi on organized trafficking -- increasingly on organized trafficking to get here. >> host: professor hagen, is there an average cost that these migrants are paying to get across the border? >> guest: yes, and it's skyrocketed. if you're on the mexican side of the u.s. border and maybe in one of the border cities, it might cost you $800 or $900. but if you're traveling from a small hamlet in the highlands of galt guatemala, it could be upwards of $8,000, and it often involves then having your family's home put on hold in ransom, and they're often taken. so it's an enormous amount of money. most of it's paid up front, some of it -- well, half in most cases and then half upon arrival. and throughout that time the coyote carries all the papers that would document that person like passports, birth certificates, etc. so they're really at the mercy of the persons bringing them. now, there's many good coyotes or smugglers, but there's also many unscrupulous smugglers. so it's a mixed bag there, because i have many stories from migrants who smugglers came across them and found them in the desert and helped them. and then other cases where they were told that they were left behind. >> host: how much time have you spent on the border in your work? >> guest: oh, gosh, i've been doing my field work for "migration miracle" since 2009. but i spent time on the border before that because the project that really motivated this was a study on death on the border. and it was about trying to enumerate for the first time the actual fatalities that occur to migrants. so i had visited a number of coroners' offices and talked to religious leaders along the border and hospitality homes, safehouses to get an idea of what was gown on. and that kind of -- what was going on. and that kind of motivated this larger project, was to understand how they manage and survive and place meaning on the migration journey itself. >> host: did you meet with coyotes? >> guest: yes, i met with coyotes. but not -- i met with the coyotes when i had to go pick up some migrants at a safehouse, and the -- i had to bring extra money so they could be released. so often what you find is a situation where you arrive at a safehouse, and then they call a family member in the states and ask for additional funds even though they've paid the amount. and in this case i knew the young man personally, and so then i was able to secure the funds and able to go meet with them and the coyotes. >> host: "migration miracle," one of the first things you say is that this is organized into six parts. leave taking, dangerous journey, churches crossing the border, miracle in the desert and la pomesa. what is leaf taking? >> guest: leaf taking is the first stage of the migration process, the decision making that goes into whether or not to leave and once the decision is made to leave, when to leave. so it's about thinking about the costs of the migration, it's about leaving one's family, one's community, all that one holds dear. and in most of the my grants in my study -- migrants in my study, they leave because they have no alternative. and it's a very difficult choice. many of these migrants had never even been to the capital city or a large city in their own countries, but they were migrating across thousands of miles and multiple fortified borders. so leave taking is about decision making, making that decision. and often, excuse me, migrants will turn to family, of course, to discuss leave taking, and it's often a household strategy migration, to send one member of the family up to earn wages to send back to support the family left behind. but migrants also increasingly turn to religion both at a personal and institutional level. it's basically religion is the institution that they trust. it's the one institution they can identify with mostly. and it's expressed in numerous ways. but often and very often through blessings. so one of the interesting findings through all of the religious faiths was, in fact, was this reliance on blessings before they left. they found them very powerful. almost an unofficial passport, spiritual passport, something that carries so much significance for the migrant themselves. so that's about leave taking. >> host: when these young people -- and mostly young people? -- in guatemala, mexico, wherever, mostly male? >> guest: no, we -- no. increasingly more and more women are coming. >> host: solo? >> guest: and that's not surprising. solo, a lot of women coming solo. i can recall one incidence, it was in the border town right on the border of mexico where i encountered a young woman with her baby, baby must have been about 1, maybe 2 years of age, and she was pray anything a church to the black christ -- praying in a church to the black christ which is a very important religious icon in guatemala and, well, it's the patron of guatemala. and when i talked to her, she was praying to locate someone to travel with her across the border. because she recognized it was too dangerous to travel alone. so, yes, increasingly women, some of them coming to join their husbands, some of them coming for work. most of the time the women are going to be escorted by coyotes and do not attempt the travel alone. and if a family has savings prepared for the migration journey, they're more likely to provide them to the woman because of the dangers, the extra dangers she might face such as rape or -- >> host: what are their impressions or what do they think the u.s. is like in during this stage? >> guest: i don't think they think of it as the american dream as they did when i started my migration research maybe 20 years ago, which was a common expression. i think now they recognize that there's serious risks, and in in many of the interviews their thinking more about the journey, the fear of the undertaking, the leaving, the possibility they might not ever see their family again is very real. and so that's, i think, what has really changed since -- especially after 9/11 with the buildup at the border. that it's becoming so dangerous that religion has taken on an increasingly important role. and so that, you know, when we used to think about understanding international migration and undocumented migration, scholars have long relied on economic and social explanations. and i think that reflects the types of questions they ask. so if you ask a migrant why did you leave or why are you coming to the states, they will tell you for economic reasons. but if you ask them why are they going to philadelphia versus washington, d.c., they're going because they have family networks. but if you ask them how they survived, how they made sense of the experience, how they managed to leave community and family, they will respond with god's help, with faith. and so it's really been the, this book is about the unexplored role of institutional and personal religion. >> host: and here is chapter three of your book: churches crossing borders. what does that mean? >> guest: yeah. the theme of churches crossing borders is about the growth of a new sanctuary movement. we think about old sanctuary, we think about the central american, salvadorans who fled in the '80 and came and sought sack chew ware in -- sanctuary in churches in the united states. we have an informal network of religious organizations and churches that stretch from guatemala through southern united states that care about, that serve migrants by providing them shelter, food, blessings, counsel. but also advocate on their behalf. so among the religious leaders and churches in central america and increasingly in the united states, they've become very public, as we know, about the immigration, about immigration matters. and they're very concerned about the dangers that migrants face in crossing the borders. and for many religious leaders, migrants have a right to migrate. to feed their family. and so this is about defending that right and providing them with a safe journey. so that's churches crossing borders. >> host: do the churches have an opinion on the fact that president obama's administration has had more deportations than any other administration? >> guest: yes. yeah. that's, basically, denying the rights from the churches' perspective. yes. now, my understanding is, you know, obama meets regularly with church leaders. i know he's met regularly with protestant leaders and catholic leaders, the bishop toes' conference. bishops' conference. the argument from the religious, the religious perspective's argument is that the policies are not humane, they're not fair. migrants aren't treated fairly. the state has the right to deport somebody, but it's often the way it is done, like family separation. somebody picked up at a worksite and their children are left at home x those children are put into foster care. and that's another increasingly important phenomena. these separated family. so i think the churches' concerns are the conditions under which they travel, that they are provided with fair treatment, due process and, you know, if somebody arrives and works and earns citizenship, then they should be provided that opportunity. to naturalize and become a citizen. >> host: jacqueline maria hagen, how did you get involved in this work? >> guest: particular project or migration? >> host: in general. you said you been doing it for 20 years. >> guest: well, for 20 years, well, my father was in foreign service, so i migrated a lot. and my mother's from costa rica, so i spend a lot of time in latin america. >> host: are you fluent in spanish? >> guest: yes. and i enjoy, i love central america, the people, the culture, the food. and i stumbled into this project. it was a very interesting experience. i was in the highlands of guatemala writing my dissertation, and i met a young pastor who invited me to what he called an ayuna which is a fast, a fast celebration. and we journeyed up mountains. it was a trek that took us several hours. and at the top of this mountain, sacred grounds was a group of mayan women and men sitting on cold stones and deep in prayer. and in front of them was a evangelical pastor speaking in tongues. and it was at that moment and that experience that i heard migrants, i mean, people stand up and request assistance and god's help with the journey. and i realized that there was migration counseling going on. and that's something very new in latin america. so this clergy's always been there to serve the poor, to meet their needs about jobs or poverty. but the migration counseling aspect is new. >> host: another section of your book, "miracles in the desert." >> guest: when churches aren't available, migrants create their own shrines. they bring their own religious companions with them. so in certain areas of the desert you will actually see humble shrines created out of stones, out of sticks. some of these are markers of graves, but others are places they stop to pray. they wear medallions with their saints, they carry holy cards with images of their saints, and those are their companions on the journey. we went under trellises of freeways throughout the border where they had engraved stones. god help me, dios. favor. >> host: did you personally sneak across the border? >> guest: no, i didn't. >> host: so you would walk along? >> guest: yes. i've been to migrant camps where aye seen the artifacts -- i've seen the artifacts, the objects, the possessions that they're forced to leave -- >> host: on the mexican side. >> guest: on the mexican side, and there you also see crosses, lots of crosses, prayer books. but they're told they cannot bring nick with them at that -- anything with them at that last stage. >> host: what's la promesa? >> guest: the promise. if i make it, in return i promise to offer something to god or to my religious icon. and that's expressed in numerous ways. it's expressed upon arrival by going to the closest church you can find. it doesn't matter if you're protestant and you go to a catholic church, denomination does not matter, but it's right away giving thanks. it could be, i mean, the extreme case is returning home to provide thanks at some point. the first place that a migrant would come, and they often make that journey without papers as well. it's to go back and give thanks to your icon. it may be by sending tithes to your church at home. in some cases, some really beautiful cases it involved mothers lighting candles, white candles to illuminate the way for their children, and when their children arrived, they lit a candle and called their mother or father, and then the candle was blown out at the other end. so it was a way of connecting across borders spiritually. >> host: professor hagen, what's the significance of what you've written in "migration miracle"? >> guest: from a theoretical bear spective, it's about -- perspective, it's about recognizing, you know, we live in -- the academies for a very long time treated migration as a totally secular kind of process, socioeconomic kind of process. and i really wanted to bring the human face to the migration picture and try to understand migration through their lived experiences which then took me to faith and to organized religion. and it's also for them, so many of the -- there's three or four key people that are reintroduced in each chapter. and these are women. and i've kept in touch with them, and they have now read the this book to their children. >> host: are they all over the u.s.? >> guest: yeah, they're all over the u.s. one is here in north carolina, several in texas, one in new york -- >> host: and still illegal or undocumented? >> guest: one is documented, and the first thing she did when she got her papers was fly back to her hometown to give thanks. >> host: and she's back up here now? >> guest: she's back up here now. she's done very well. she and her husband both own businesses, aboveboard. she's very involved in the local church. her children are doing well in school. >> host: professor hagen, what in all your years of studying migration, what do we not know about it and the effect of it? in your view? >> guest: i think we don't know enough about the context in which migrants leave, that we don't understand it. that we treat it as something so voluntary and do not recognize it's in desperation often. so i think most of what we study in migration we do so once the my grants have arrived -- migrants have arrived. and so we really don't understand the context in which they leave and the context in which they travel. when i talk to people about the actual journey, they're amazed. when you talk to people about how many people actually die crossing border, people are surprised. but i think the academies' concern and policymakers' concern has been with their experience here in the united states and the costs to our economy. rather than looking at the human side of migration. >> host: have you interviewed the border patrol? >> guest: yes. >> host: what's your opinion? >> guest: well, it's mixed. interestingly, the migrants interviewed who have been picked up by border patrol generally speak very favorably about them. so, you know, i -- when i went and interviewed them, many of them felt that this wasn't the job that they thought it was going to be and that it's an impossible job. it is impossible. i mean, how can you -- you'd have to have every border patrol agent standing, you know, hand to hand along the border to really control the border. and they recognize that it's led to increased crime, increased smuggling along the border and that they're trying to do the job, it's an impossible job. and from the migrants' perspective, there's not really the negative expression that you would expect. they feel that generally when they're picked up, they're picked up because they often need to be treated and go to a hospital, but also they've been treated quite well and sent back. >> host: professor hagen, when you were on the mexican side doing your work, were you ever fearful for your life? >> guest: no. i would be now. >> host: why? >> guest: because i think organized crime so interplayed with migration. so right now what you find increasingly is migrants are relying on coyotes who are relying, renting space from traffickers, traffickers who are smuggling people and arms and drugs. and so it's much more dangerous. it's not the game that was played when i was down doing my research. it's become very dangerous. and so migrants are not only confronting the dangers of the coyotes, but are also co-opted often into drug smuggling and human smuggling and arms smuggling. >> host: has the catholic church or other churches moved into the border areas, that last stage as you called it? >> guest: no. no. their usually located in well established crossing towns and urban areas, and there's lots of desert, and there's lots of unfamiliar, arid, desolate territory throughout central america, especially i'm thinking in guatemala where you have a lot of, you know, drug trafficking going on now. you know, as we came down on mexico and we came down on colombia, we've just really redirected much of this into central america. >> host: what do you teach here at the university? >> guest: what do

Transcripts For CSPAN2 Book TV 20141005

disclosure explain my cameo in the 1996 clinton fund-raising scandals. in 1997 republicans were investigating -- and fred thompson had the committee -- and i got a call monday from an investigative reporter at "the boston globe" who also happen to be a friend of mine who said i want to know why you attended one of the clinton fund-raising coffees and why didn't disclose that to your readers at "the wall street journal." i said, what are you talking about? of course i didn't go to the clinton fund-raising coffee, and he says, well, i think a document that says you did. it turned out later that what happened was the white house databases got kind of screwed up because there's a john harwood who worked for "the wall street journal," and there was a john harwood who was a speaker the house in rhode island who later went to prison for corruption. and these things get merged -- >> i actually know that john harwood. >> and these things get merged, so he wrote in the paper the next day that i denied having attended -- >> although he actually did not go to prison for corruption. there were a bunch of other people who did. >> okay. >> christine has a question from our webcast audience. >> thanks. can the panel talk that any differences, if there are any, between sort of the established billionaires, the sheldon adelson's of the world and what not, with the emerging moneyed elite coming out of silicon valley, mark zuckerberg's of the world speak with the emerging elite is going to be a lot more reflective of the young -- younger generation in terms of being socially liberal. i think generally speaking it's going to be a more democratic group, or at least more democratic on a certain set of issues than the older money group that we're talking about spent more libertarian, more socially liberal. more marriage equality, more probably reproductive rights, more -- well, you see it in tom stier, focus on environmental climate change issues. >> the other aspect of that is interesting is what happens when the current billionaires start passing away, like what happens to their money. a number of these people are pretty conservative in their views. they often have children or grandchildren who do not share their viewpoint. we actually have had an interesting example of this. the late harold simmons was a dallas billionaire who passed away last year, some of his fortune has gone to two daughters have supported hillary clinton. they support of barack obama and the superb reproductive rights. harold simmons himself said barack obama was the most dangerous man in america because of the threat to the free enterprise system. i'm not sure how he feels about what his daughters are going to be doing with his money. tom, do you have a question? weight. we have the microphone coming up to you. >> one comment about this sort of parties versus the outside groups. i think it really mischaracterizes how our politics have evolved. if you look carefully at the parties and how involved they are, it's strategically and every other way in elections, especially the swing elections. they have never been as influential today as they've been. even most of the really big and influential superbikes are informally attached to the parties -- super pacs, so we really do have too big team operations and all of the emphasis on what's the chamber doing with in the republican party to support the establishment is a pittance of what's really going on. the parties are ideologically polarized. they are finding -- finding their allies among billionaires and others, and that's where the game is, and having the money come directly to them probably not make much of a difference electorally, but it might make the donors a little more influential than they are right now. picking up on the last thing, darrell, we now have a movement among some billionaires, a campaign to give back half. and i'm just curious, outside the immediate political arena, what can you say about what's happening in the billionaire community? i mean, beyond referendums, interesting big issues, but other things that might come closer to public goods? >> i mean, a number of billionaires that i've looked at are actually very forward looking in their policy agenda. like, they're kind of thinking down the road in terms of robotics and what kind of social impact that's going to have, kind of off shore communities. peter thiel is a libertarian who has been big on that. there's research on stem cell research. these are individuals who are very visionary. that's in large part how they make their money. they saw something that was not happen. they found a niche and ended up making money on it. so into philanthropy they're kind of thinking long-term and exactly the same sort of way. as you point out, bill gates and warren buffett have proposed giving a pledge in which billionaires give away at least half of their money during their lifetime. so they are 1600 billionaires around the world. slightly less than 10% have actually signed up for that to many of them are in the united states. there hasn't been that much interest outside the united states. i know the actual to china to try to sign chinese billionaires for the giving pledge, had a big dinner. at the end of the dinner, nobody signed up. but we do have a very interesting case. ali baba just went public this week. jack ma, the leader behind the firm, is actually starting to do some philanthropy inside china. he's worried about air pollution from andy's focus very much on the environment. of course he's cognizant of kind of billionaire activism. it can get you in trouble in your home government. so he keeps telling government official i want to work with you. like, i'm not working against you on this issue. something there are lots of interesting things going on in this area. we are out of time but i want to thank our panelists, peter, ruth, john and brody, i think your comments really added a lot and really push you learned your insights. for those of you what books, we have them out in the hallway. so thank you very much for coming. [applause] >> every weekend booktv offers programming focus on nonfiction authors and books. keep watching for more to c-span2 and watch any of our past programs online at booktv.org. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> welcome to boulder, colorado, on booktv. located at the foothills of the rocky mountains. boulder is to see the older county and its most populated city with 100,000 residents. known for to beautiful scenery and outdoor recreation, boulder was originally settled by gold seekers in 1850s. in 1898 he came home of the colorado chautauqua, one of only three remaining in the country. with help of our comcast cable partners, we will explore its history and literary scene with local authors. we begin our special feature on board with david baron on the increase of mountain lions in suburban populations. >> this is a site few of us want to see when looking out our windows, to unwavering eyes staring back at you with a couple of friends nearby. but that's exactly what happens. >> that was a little frightening because the only thing that was protecting me from the big cat was a glass. >> my book is called "the beast in the garden" because it's a book about a large animal that in ancient times or american history we would have called beasts, the mountain lion, and what is really a garden, and that is boulder, colorado. a big part of what i'm trying to get across in my book is the artificiality of the american landscape, end of this boulder land. boulder is a beautiful seemingly natural place but in many ways it has been altered by humankind. when you get this wild animal coming into this artificial landscape, you actually can cause changes in the behavior of the animal. that's what we saw in boulder in the last 20 years is a change in mountain lion behavior as the lions have adapted to this human created lansky. that period i write about in my book is from the late 80s to the early 90s and that was really special time in boulder in the history of mountain lions. until that time there really were no lions in this area. they historically were here but back in the late 1800s and early 1900s there was a campaign to exterminate them. they were largely driven out of this area. they were found in small numbers and colorado but not so much in the boulder area. by the late '80s mountain lions came back and they came back to me very eco-conscious, animal loving community. at first people were thrilled to see these large, beautiful cats come onto our beautiful space. and where as 50, 100 you to go into a lion had showed up here it would've been shot to the ranchers here have no qualms about killing lions. boulder in the late '80s was thrilled to have lions. unfortunately, that cause problems because alliance, they weren't being hassled. in fact, they found boulder was a great place to live because it was lots of few. there were deer any open space, deer living in town. alliance get used to living here, and they i believe and the site is that i -- believe the lions in essence behaves -- change their behavior. they were welcomed in. that caused, in some cases were quite scary and and one that i write about in detail was fatal. one of the things i think is interesting about mountain lions here in boulder is that the conflicts we're seeing is not be just as affect we've moved to where the lines on her but we are in essence during the in two where we are. a number of things that are going on. first of all a mountain lions favorite food is venison. they eat about one thing for a week. the majority of the guide around here is mule deer. this beautiful open space you see when this was created back in the late 1800s, boulder has found itself in open space largely that's been purchased since the 1960s, that open space area what turned from ranchland into ms is a wildlife refuge can we saw the deer population go up. then you living on the outskirts of this beautiful lush city where we of irrigated gardens and lawns, the city attracted 50 or so we had a deer herd living in downtown boulder. in the late '80s when the lions movement in the area they first were in open space under and they discovered there were deer intent. so the deer leeward alliance in town. then the lions discovered they could eat dogs and cats. some lions have made a habit of eating dogs and they started eating energy put in work their way up to black labradors and german shepherd's and doberman pinschers were being attacked back at that time. that's food for them, and so the lions were learning and they have learned this is where they will find food. there is certainly food up there but there's lots to eat in town. so we are sending a message to them to come on in. there has been quite a few times when people and the lions have encountered each other. still the vast hundred people go hiking, they will never see a line. but it's quite likely that a lion has seen them. they watch us all the time. for the most part they have no interest in attacking people. but once in a while a lion gets it in his head that he personally like a potential threat. we have had some scary cases right around here just over my left shoulder, out there in flagstaff mountain. back about 10 years ago a seven year old boy was holding his father's hand at a trail can't write on the edge of the parking lot, very popular short trail. a lion came out of the bushes, attacked the young boy, carried him off. thank goodness he survived. his jaw was broken, but otherwise he was okay. back in, around 1990, there was a 28 euros medical student in the foothills who was going for a jog. she encountered to lions. she knew what to do. she made herself look big, yelled at them. she threw rocks. the lions didn't go away. instead they pursued her up a tree. she stopped on the head of one of the lines and knocked it to the ground. the other came up after her. she broke off a dead branch, started jabbing at the line until it back down. she, i interviewed her. in the book, she was convinced she was going to die. she was traumatized by the event but she survived. but the central star in my book and the most tragic was the death of a young man, scott lancaster, 18, a senior in high school, went to high school in idaho springs which is about 25 miles from your up that way. and he was a very athletic young man. he was training with an olympic cycling coach, and every day after lunch he would go for a jog behind the high school. one day in january of 1991 he went out and he didn't come back. a search party was sent out and it took two days before they found his body. at first they thought that he'd been the victim of some grisly murder, but then they discovered that there was a mountain lion guarding his body. the line was killed and the forensic evidence showed conclusively that the line had killed him, had consumed him, had treated him as if he were a deer. met was a wakeup call for boulder, for colorado and, frankly, for the whole western united states. because until scott lancaster's death in 1991, mountain lions were considered virtually harmless. they were thought to be, first of all a wilderness species that could live anywhere near where people lived. they were thought to be largely nocturnal, and it was thought the route over time they would attack the person was if the line was sick or starving or rabbit or if it was a young child, very easy prey. this went against all of that. because you had a healthy 18 year old young man right behind his high school in the middle of the day killed by what turned out to be a perfectly healthy lion. and i believe that what happened to scott lancaster was directly related to what was happening in boulder in those two years immediately prior to his death, that the line that killed them probably have learned not to fear people, had learned that there's food for human habitation, and was primed on that day not to run when it saw a person but to attack. and that was the event that really did change the way while the agencies across the united states view outlines but they're much more likely today to see warning signs at trailheads, advice on what to do. unfortunately, scott lancaster said that, while it was the first time in more than 100 years that an adult had been killed by a mountain lion, except for one person was killed by a rabid line in 1909 in california, scott is the first adult in all of north america that we know to be killed by a healthy lion. and since then, you know, it's still very rare but about once every other year somewhere in the western united states or canada we have another fatal attack. so people are more cautious. i don't mean to scare people. colorado has far more significant risks, a lot more people died skiing or certainly riding their bikes, a lot more people drown. they're caught in avalanche is a lot of terrible things that can happen here in colorado. mountain lions are pretty low on the list, but it's not as you. and a place like boulder were would've lions living living directly with people is something i think as a community we need to be smart about. boulder still loves having clients around injured. talk to most, they are thrilled to live in a place that has is great, large carnivores. but if a line is getting to control and down, if a line he's eating people's dogs, if a line is showing itself in the know of the day in town, a ranger will be called out. the first thing is it will be scared off. it will be shot in the rear end with rubber buckshot, with bean bags to tell it go away, you're not welcome here. if the line keeps coming back it will be euthanized. it would be killed. we haven't come back to the old days of killed every lion and hope we never go back to that, but we also are not doing what we did 20 years ago which was just bring them on in and leave them alone. today i think boulder is time to strike a balance between preserving the line but also maintaining a balance. striking about the comes to wildlife conflict is never easy. it's something that has led me to write the book. before i wrote the book i was an environment correspondent for npr, and when i first took the job i figured that out be doing a lot of study of the wild animals, specifically about endangered species, animals dwindling in the face of human development. i did stores like that but was surprising was the number of stories i was doing, back in the 1990s, about just the opposite, about animals becoming passionate moving into human habitat because of the protections we have for so when wildlife. protected open space like in boulder. what i saw the stories i was doing about beavers in massachusetts and grizzly bears in montana and deer in new england was the same dynamic the korean. you have polarized communities, these two warring camps. one camp saying okay, we are too many beavers. they are damning our streams and flooding our backyard. we have too many deer causing car accidents. it's time we start hunting them and move them out. and you have an opposite camp saying this isn't an animal problem. it's a people problem. we moved into her the animals are and we should leave these pitiful creatures alone. what i saw happening time and again with these communities in stalemate with each side shouting at each other, and that's a big part of what led me to write the book was that what happened here in boulder with mountain lions i think is indicative of what's happened with many species including deer, raccoons and coyotes. that there's a lot of species that have learned to live with us, have been moving into our communities at the same to our communities are moving to where they are. if we're ever going to solve these complex, i think we have to get away from the polarization and realize it is a people problem and an animal problem. if they're going to solve these problems we have to do with those issues. we have to get people to change their behavior so we don't encourage animals to cause problems force and i think it means managing the animals as well, particularly those individuals that may pose a threat to his. a lot of people after reading my book tell me they become paranoid about mountain lions. i don't want to scare people unduly. i do want to make it so that you won't go hiking. if -- our mountain lions should i go hiking all the time. i don't go by myself. i take a friend with me. but i don't worry that much about encountering a mountain lion. against the risk is very low. however, i think there's a danger in seeing them just as cute, harmless animals. and that's what i was really trying to work against it when i started to write the book, this is not going back 15 years ago, there really wasn't that much attention being paid to mountain lions. and when i would interview people for some of my reporting for npr, people were i interviewed a couple put them online in colorado that was in the yard and they just walked out there and they took pictures and oh, what a beautiful cat. i think you should be more scared than that. i think that a little bit of fear is a good thing. a little bit of fear brings respect to a little bit of fear says it's not okay to have a line hanging out in your yard, and getting so comfortable that, in fact, it could become a threat down the line. so am i trying to scare people? a little bit. a little bit so we respect these animals, and what a generator from for a few weeks after they read the book they don't want to go hiking. but then over time to get comfortable hiking again, and that's why things we want to be, being aware you're in their territory, taking reasonable precautions but not being so afraid that you will enjoy this beautiful landscape. >> while visiting boulder, colorado, with the help of our local cable partner, comcast, we spoke with barbara cole, author of chief left hand which examines the life of this arapaho chief. >> chief left hand was one of the leaders of the arapaho indians in the mid-1800s to the arapaho to one of the plains indian tribes that lived here in colorado on the plains of colorado and, in fact, the plains of colorado belong to the upper outpost and the cheyenne's. so chief left hand was one of the great leaders of the arapaho's and what made him great was, there were two things that made them great. one, he was a piece chief. we have a lot about the work she's. we know all about the worksheets, a great chief to lead the warriors, thundering across the plains fighting the enemy. you don't hear much about the piece chief. there were peace chiefs who work very, very hard to try to bring all the newcomers who are coming onto the planes fly on to india land and the tribes together. and to find a way of these different people different cultures could live together. chief left hand was one of those really great piece leaders. he was also fluent in english or this was highly unusual in the 1800s for any plains indian to be fluent in english, or in any other language other than the language which the into this boat. each tribe had its own language that the common language on the plains was the sign language. so everybody communicated with sign. nobody had to learn anybody else's language and who was this man who was fluent in english. and i am a writer. i set out to answer the question that i wanted answered, that was how did he become fluent in english? i thought i would write a magazine article on them. i ended up writing a book, a biography of him. i found out that when he was young, a white trader married his sister and started living with the village. and took left and them probably maybe 10, 11 and some pluck that, took him under his wing and taught in english. that he was fluent in english. so when the gold rush occurred and you had hoard hordes and hof people, across the plains, just destroying indian land, running off the buffalo, slaughtering the buffalo, taking charge of the indian land, when that happened who is the man who's going to rise up and try to make peace with these people, try to figure out somewhere where these newcomers and his people and the cheyenne people could all work and live together and that was chief left hand because he could speak their language. his tactic was to get to know the people, the white people. most of them were white. later on, there were a lot of spanish people and people from mexico, but the hordes of people, the gold rushers who came out and stayed who planted themselves down on indian land. those people were from the eastern states and most of them, they were of european dissent. so they would come out and the iraq pose, they looked at all these people -- iraq oppose -- all the way people whole world had come to the plains. they said there can't be any more than this. so here they are and here's left hand and what's he going to do? he can talk to these people. he can speak their language. he is firmly within. is brother-in-law was a white man who married his sister and live with the people. so he wasn't put off by them. he could get along with them. he lived, he liked very much to spend the winters and boulder so he would bring his village to boulder in the winter, and he would go around and get to know these new settlers and talk to them. he would spend time on the ranges with them, and talking over what was going on the conflicts that were occurring and asking their advice, what should he do. you know, what can we do not we can all get along out fear? this is big, big land. why can't we all get along? he went and met with the territorial governor, governor john evans. he met with military authorities, talk to them. the actually, the rocky mountain news ran an article that was very derogatory towards the arapahoes. he went down to the rocky mountain news office which was in denver and went to see the editor and demanded a retraction. they didn't call it a retraction and then but basically he said, this is not what happened. what you wrote is not true. we want you to write the truth. he couldn't read. there's evidence he ever learn to read english, but he knew someone at the people who spoke english, the english-speaking people, that somebody told him what the rocky mountain news had written, obviously. he went out and got them to change it. one time he took his warriors, several of his warriors, and he went to the theater in denver, the apollo theater which is, first street in denver. he went to a play. so after the play was over he jumped up on the stage and he gave a talk. it was reported. there was a reporter from the rocky mountain news and the reporter said he gave a very good talk. and he said you come here looking for gold, then take your gold and go home. but that was going to happen to making are looking for gold and they decide they're going to stay because they could find more gold. he would do that. he tried to reach out to people. that's what he did and try to reach out to the authorities. and always sang we want peace with you. we don't want to fight you. how could they fight 150,000 people, armed to the teeth, you know? he said we want peace. we want to be able to live here. we want to live side-by-side. that was always his agenda. that's what he really worked for. he made a very sad mistake of believing what the white authorities told him. and, of course, they lied to him, and they lied to the of the peace chiefs such as black cattle and white antelope who are too shy and peace chiefs, and they're all working together. left hand was more outstanding because he could speak english. so he can translate what the other chiefs want to tell the white authorities. he can tell them. so they understand under no uncertain terms. so that gives you an idea of who he was and what he was doing. and he worked very, very hard and he gave his life. he gave his life in the quest for peace out here on the plains. and he died at sand creek at the sand creek massacre, which occurred on november 29, 1864, in southeastern colorado. we are memorializing it this year, the 150th anniversary of the sand creek massacre of the cheyenne and the arapahoe indians. this game about after the authorities in denver told the peace chiefs, left hand and at this, take your people, go down to sand creek and weight, and we will make an agreement -- and weight. we will make a treaty with you. so they did. they went out and they gathered their people and brought them to sand creek. left hand didn't think, he believed these people and he got his village, he brought them down to sand creek. the cheyenne canyon. they were more cheyenne and arapahoe's. it was only left hand's band that was there because the rest hadn't gotten there yet. they were on the way. they hadn't gotten there yet, what governor evans was tracking them. he knew exactly where they were going. he knew when they came into sand creek, and he says colonel john chivington who was the military had out here in colorado, and they marched down to sand creek and attacked the village, a sleeping village at dawn, on november 29, and just slaughtered a lot of the people. most of the people they killed were the women and children in the old people. and left hand was mortally wounded at sand creek, and he died just a few days later. so he gave his life believing in peace, believing it was going to be some agreement that was going to be made, and that is people would be able to let her on the plains and have a place to live. they knew they weren't going to have the whole plains like they had before to rome and to move their villages and hunt of law. they knew that. the buffalo were diminishing as more and more newcomers came here. so they knew they were going to have that but they kept asking for a reserved area that would be there's where they live in peace. that's where the term reservation comes from. it's a reserved area of their own land where they could live in safety. and that's what he was hoping for and what he worked for and that's what did that come about. my book chief left hand was published in 1981. has never gone out of print. i think that as time has gone by and more more people have gotten interested in left hand and wanted to know about his life and what happened to them, that has just driven the interest in my book. so when i wrote the book i just became obsessed with this topic. i wanted to know who these people were who have lived on the plains before my family came after, and i'm a fourth generation coloradan, so one can who are the people who were here before and after the live in where do they live and what became of them? and then i found that convoy, one of their leaders, is peace chiefs, was fluent in english. so i thought, okay, i've got to write about this guy. so i just became obsessed with the whole subject, and at the time i spent five years researching and writing the book. and at the time everyone said to me, what are you doing? you know, other writers, historians even, lots of people would say why are you writing about this? it wasn't that great of an interest at that time in the late 70s. and in 1981 when the book came out, there just wasn't that great of interest in the indian people and in the chiefs. today, there is much more of an interest in their have been wonderful books written about the various indian chiefs, crazy horse and red cloud, sitting bold and different ones that we know about it so i just think as time has gone by people have become more aware that we are not the first people who were here on the plains, that there was a whole other culture that lived here. i think there's more of an interest so who were the? and i think more of the same questions, like the questions i asked, you know, where are they and what became of them? and the whole idea of peace chiefs, that was really new. nobody ever thought that there were indian chiefs out here who are trying to make peace. we always from hollywood, thank you, hollywood, he always thought they were warriors are trying to make more. but, in fact, there were these peace chiefs. i think a lot of things, it just took time for something to finally come together and for the interest to develop. but certainly he is very well known today, and i'm happy. i'm happy. i think he should be well known. he should be applauded and he should be honored for the life in the lead, for what he did. >> up next we take a tour of boulders juniper books which creates custom book collections and libraries as way to encourage people to keep books in their home. booktv visited the store with help of our cable partner, comcast. >> it's to make books and levers the customers want to keep and enjoy for the whole life. so what we did a bunch of different things with books from making book covers for book fans from jane austin to ernest hemingway. we also generate entire libraries and the work with clients to fill their whole entire home with books that they would pick up if it unlimited amounts of time. we might generate books for the kitchen and cook books for the kitchen, art books for the living room, and really make it books as beautiful, make it look like and fit in as much as they are great books to begin with a great content there i started off as a hobby, starts windows on unit about 13 years ago. i got a few requests over the years, people who want me to help them build a book collection. so i start doing that and the requests are always different and i start one if there was a business, and over the years the project has gotten more and more decorative as well as more obligated. i was to do everything from a set of rare charles dickens books through entire house full of pink books. i'm not sure there's one typical client. they really very. there's people who want to decorate their homes, fill their shelves with beautiful books. they might spend a couple years remodeling a house, repainting walls, picking out carpet, upholstery. penny get to the bookshelf and realize the books that were used have don't fit in anymore. so we would like to make things look like they belong but with the want of control over nonfiction and civil war books for my husband. i want literary agnostics. we will work with the clients in getting the books they want and have been delivered and make them look like they want to. this is our showroom from the office in boulder. try to keep one set of everything. it includes all the specific book fest we made, new products ago set of russian literature, game of thrones set, although it over to our american flag set in the middle, a collection of american literature in history. there is cookbooks that we have made, cooking classics and these make great gifts for people, wedding gifts or housewarming gifts. on the right we have a lot of kids book. so this isn't a ride a five year old and an eight year old, they love to read and to love to bring up a whole bunch of different editions of classics and books they like to read. we recently introduced this water resistant paper. so these are great keeping in kids rooms. keep the books nice and beautiful but they're also great books. this bizarre graphic design area. so all the book jacket designs we just let that get created here and we put most of them in house. our team is about six people right now. the staff is comprised of people handling shipping and orders, helping me pac all the books when they shipped out of the library. it often goes on multiple palettes. sort of a complex endeavor and has to be packed securely to be shipped around the world. also a lot of custom orders. will sometimes get a customer who says i want a set of art books. i want to put a photo of the bride and groom on. we will lay that out and we will get it approved and go ahead and print it and ship it to them. so this is our warehouse. it's about 5000 square feet, and we keep stock of all the books that you saw in the front of there. so when a customer orders they can get it shipped out right away. it's not a customer order. if it's custom, i can do designs and we've made of various customizations and personal changes to the set to back it we try to keep a limited inventory of everything in addition to those sets. when a customer says i just spent three years building a house and i'm having a housewarming party next week, but my shelves are empty, we can put together a library for them. or just start the process of curating it. with everything from antique leather books like you see on this card, to cookbooks. sometimes customers want things bicolor as well as by subject. this is the beginning of a project like that were start gathering smart books and some standardized books and were start to sort those and bicolor. but lay think that answer pretend like we're working with the customers and shelves so we know exactly how many books they should get. so this is the beginning of a project for a client who gave us a list of subjects they were in pashtun interest in which include history to america business leaders to jewish history to art books. and then he wants an image across all the shelves that makes up the brooklyn bridge. we got a photographer and took a photo he loved with super high resolution. he came back in a few weeks, entire wall with makeup that image that you see right there. they would all be books and that have the titles worked into the book title itself. a beautiful art installation as well as a great library. we put a lot of attention into detailed what we do. we make sure it's perfect before it ships. with one project last summer for david hole golf course library. it took about 10 weeks to produce because it went across 900 books. we had to make sure lined up perfectly and when the ship we had to make sure that every book was coded and had the exact order to unpack it, like putting together a giant puzzle. i was probably one of my favorite projects. as far as people criticism of it being superficial or it's a shame that books have come to this, i've heard a lot of that over the years but i think people really look at what i do and combine a great book with great aesthetics and give people a reason to keep books on the shelves but it's much deeper than what people in which i think of when they see what we do. i also think an age of the book you have to give people a reason to own the printed book and to keep it on their shelves. what i've seen over the years that i've been doing this is that the publisher, who've invested in making these cookbooks that people want to keep, or even great editions of literary, library of america, did you make the book better than it was before, and you make a durable and beautiful and sometimes wind at our value of putting the book jackets on top, i think people have a reason to add to the shelf. >> this weekend booktv is in boulder, colorado, with the help of our local cable partner, comcast. next we talk with melanie warner whose book "pandora's lunchbox" examines the increased consumption process food which she sees as a negative consequence. >> i think it's like most people. you think of food as something that comes from the ground, something that a farmer was involved in producing. and that's still the way, we all think of farmers but a story that i think is important to really know about food is what happens after food leaves the farm and when it goes into the factories and labs, really before it reaches our plate. the title of my book is "pandora's lunchbox: how processed food took over the american meal" and it's an inside look at the processed food industry. my definition of processed food that i like to use is that if it's a good or a product that you could not make at home in your own kitchen, in theory anyway, not that you necessarily would, then it's a processed food. this applies to a lot of what we find in the middle aisle of the supermarkets and a lot of the things that appear on menus at chain restaurants. i started covering the food industry, almost a decade ago, and at the time i was coming into it as a business reporter. i covered business for about seven years and i started covering this new business for me in the food industry, food and beverage. pretty soon right away i became fascinated by the things i was learning as i talk to people that are called food scientist. they are at the big large food manufacturers, they make the food in our grocery store and it goes to restaurants and then they are at food ingredient companies that make the ingredients that go into processed foods. i started talking to these people and i was curious about what food scientist do and i started going to trade shows and learning a little bit about their world and the way they think about food and what food is t too thin to it was very different from how i thought of food. the whole conception of what food is. and what we should do with food and how food is made in what food can become. i became infested with the amount of technology and science that's been applied to food over the last, actually been over the last century but it's been particularly accelerated about the last four decades. so i started going to this one tradeshow in particular called institute of food technologists, and it's an annual show, one of the largest. i would go there and there's all these booths, these companies that sell ingredients that go into processed food and all of these booths and this huge convention floor, about 1500 companies displaying all their various products. a lot of them are completely foreign to me, these ends credible kind of beige and white powder. i go up and i would ask them what is this particular thing you are selling? what is this product? they would say this is something for a neat application from archie's application. this food was a type of software to be coded in put together. it's just that if we're thinking about food. they take something known as food, something from the ground, something from a farm, an animal, and they dissected and disassemble it almost down to its like your components to create these ingredients that they've been reassembled or reengineering into a fully formed food or really food product that is sold to supermarkets. the processed food industry is taking foods, really for commodity ingredients or crops, soy, wheat, corn and milk, and take those foods apart like take milk and create milk protein concentrate out of it, all kinds of different milk powder that can be put back into food. or corn come to take and you make all kinds of different starches, modify the starches and all kinds of different ways. you create these starches and is very complex way that happen in the factories. you make soybean oil out of it. you make so we protein concentrate. these are some of the building blocks of processed food. you can go into any supermarket a looks at products and you'll probably find one or more of those particular food ingredients in the food. so you're taking all of those ingredients that are very prevalent and you're putting them back together. mixing them with other things and making a food ingredient out of them. toaster strudels is a great example. you can look at a box of those are students can look at the ingredients and you almost can't find an actual real food ingredient. something that has not been completely broken down and highly processed, disassembled ingredient and added back together with a bunch of things and put together into this food called a toaster strudels. you also find on the intricate list a lot of strange ingredients, preservatives, flavorings and things that you have no idea what they are and where they come from the only a food scientist or food company could tell you. the problem, the reason it's important for people to understand this and know about and the reason i wanted to write about it is because of what happened during those processes. one of the things can sometimes it's intentional, sometimes unintentional, is nutrition gets destroyed in the huge industrial manufacturing processes. uses vitamins, minerals, fiber, and accidents. when you take food or one of the things that happens is you lose all of his complex synergy of nutrition that is present in real food and fresh fruit when it comes off the farm or out of the ground. the first of processed foods started around the turn of the 20th century. you started with something like breakfast cereal. something think of the very basic today. it was novel at the time, the thought you could get your breakfast out of the box and it was ready to go. you just poured milk on. those are some of the first convenient foods. at the time they were an incredible novelty. they were exciting for people, and enjoy things like processed cheese that started around 1915, and it just was a gradual, graduate, things that people had in the home in the pantry in addition to all the home-cooked meals they were making. it started accelerating after the second world war, and the food industry started ramping up and started marketing, buy the cake mixes, stop making someone dinners at home and buy frozen food and put them in the oven. it took a while but for the food industry was successful at this. they were not successful until women started going back to the workforce in droves. and it's just been a slow, gradual increase ever since. is all real acceleration in the '80s at the fast food industry, really picked up steam. think of it now, the fast food industry really started in the '50s, and even in the '70s it was just a fraction of the number of mcdonald's and taco bell, kfc taco bell, kfc is, that th there are today. i think it's been a gradual infiltration of our cultural notion repeating, what eating is and where we should be. a lot of it was convenient. consumer product, buy our product because it's going to save you time, save you the hassle of cooking. although a lot of ads, i would back and look at a lot of these old ads that the food industry put out in the '70s and 80s, and there were a lot, the theme of the, some of the more fun and humorous and they were meant to be. the theme of the was, get out of the kitchen, it's a hassle to go, don't bother. it's so much easier to eat our food. >> dinnertime, oh, dinnertime. too late to make a dessert. >> weight. it's not too late to make dessert. never too late anymore because now the jell-o family of famous desserts brings you new jell-o instant pudding. >> that message was a feeling. it still is because people are busy and it's easy to not have the cook in the kitchen, and some people think the cooking as a hassle and they perceive it that way. in part because that's the message the food industry has been delivered to their big salvage was really convenience and then also taste. that kind of sells itself, when people taste processed food is designed to taste amazing and alluring. a ramp it up with lots of salt and sugar which triggers our taste buds and fires iran's in our brains. -- neurons. they sell like coke and pepsi and soda, all those commercials, gatorade. gatorade. they make us who might it's, especially for kids. anything with kids or teenagers has a big fun aspect to the processed food industry is roughly in use, just in the u.s., roughly $1 billion industry. an incredible amount of volume of products being sold. .. people need to take steps to clean about who's making their food and who is angeles outsourcing some of their food preparation to because these are companies which is not to say that they are evil or have horrible intentions were the people are malicious or trying to make anyone sick but they need to continually increase sales and profits and the way to do this is to sell more processed food and a lot of the junk stuff. the average american is eating 70% of their calories from processed food. those obvious ramifications in terms of health is obesity but then there's all kinds of other in diabetes that goes along with type two diabetes and that is primarily coming from the abundance of sugar and white flour that is in processed food that has all sorts of metabolic havoc when we consume those ingredients in excess but there's other kind of diseases linked to the diet and other aspects of our lifestyle so it's hard to tease it out sometimes but there is a lot of evidence that when people do cut back on processed food or give it up entirely then cutting back the huge benefit their health problems cleared up. everything from skin problems to headaches to gastrointestinal issues, constipation, all kinds of things. there is a concern for all of these additives that are never meant to be consumed by human beings and there that is a staggering number of these additives and no one knows how they are going in. it is extremely porous and there are a number of things to be concerned about in our defense to be made for removing a number of these from the food supply. there are things i look for packaging. if i see it i don't buy it. dha is classified as a possible carcinogen by the government it's still allowed to be added and you still find it in food. another chemical that is used is inbred as an oxidizing agent gives the bread a nice texture. that's something that's used primarily in the plastic industry. it's really not something it's probably a carcinogen subject to high temperatures such as bread making and other manufacturing processes so that's something to a void on the label as well. i could go on but it's something to be concerned about and the general rule of thumb is not to consume anything that you really don't know where it's coming from or what it is. look at products, read the ingredients and look for things that have ingredients you recognize or you could have some sense of what this is. a lot of people think that eating well is the luxury of the rich that you have to have a lot of money to eat healthy and you hear this in processed the processed food industry now in those particular words that they will basically say for people to eat on a budget they have to have processed food and it is unrealistic to eat fresh food if you have limited means that when you look at it if you go into the supermarket provided that you have a supermarket in your neighborhood most people do, you can find an incredible number of things that are actually the fresh version is cheaper than the processed version and one example of that is for instant chicken. you go to the meat section and the chicken breast are less expensive good frozen processed stuff. so there's an incredible number of ways to eat healthy by shopping at the supermarket looking for the right things is a little bit of an educational issue he told me to know what to look for and how to prepare it at home. i see the tide shifting where people are starting to think more skeptically. where did this really come from? there is a lot more skepticism and critical thinking but i think that it is a strong build and a lot of people are starting to open their eyes a little bit more, but there's a lot more work to be done and there are certain areas of the country people are a bit slower to think critically about the food industry and the food they are eating and a lot of people it can be difficult because it can be -- it does require additional effort if you are busy trying to make ends meet and to have erratic work schedules it is a huge challenge and it's a challenge for people in the food movement is to try to enrich people and make them understand how much better their life would be if they made simple changes to their dying at how they diet how they would feel better on a day-to-day basis, their kids health would improve, and they would just have a high quality of life by making even some small changes. >> this weekend booktv is in boulder colorado with our cable partner comcast. thanks to sit down next we sit down with author thomas andrews whose book telling for coal and america's deadliest labor war takes a look at the 1914 massacre during which members of the united mine workers employed by the rockefeller family engaged in a battle that left 19 dead. >> for me what is important to massacre isn't an opportunity to think about just how important the labor movement has been in eric in history, and to think about the sacrifices that the previous generations of american workers have made. the massacre was a violent conflict between striking the coal miners under the united mine workers of america and the state militia. happened in april 1914, and about 20 people were killed on that day. 18 of them were strikers and there was one bystander and one militiamen killed that day. by the early 19 hundreds was dominated by three companies but the biggest was the fuel iron that started as a colorado company that the rockefeller family became the majority shareholder and that was during the course of an earlier violence nasty streak that lasted from 1993 to 1994. so it was one of the 20 industrial firms in the united states. a massive company. at the dozens of coal mines and operated the largest steel mills west of the mississippi river and it was an enormous company. it was intent on controlling its workers and one of the main ways that try to control this through the company town system. they learned that it was an effective way to suppress labor militancy which was the main reason in the united states so when the strike begins most of the coal miners in colorado by that point lived in the company towns and one of the consequences is that if you went on strike you would be evicted in short order so it begins in september and was instantly there are upwards of 10,000 homebuyers with 50 or 60,000 out of their homes so the union planned to set up the colonies and one of them that would become the center of conflict was out of a little junction town where all there was was a railroad depot and most of the people that lived in this colony were evicted from the housing and the canons and then a refugee camp of sorts but with a purpose so they were on that stretch of ground because from that position they could try to stop the company from importing workers to replace them in the lions into the new the companies could get streak breakers into the minds cost would be lost. there were two important consequences that would have important implications for the massacre. the first of these is that because of the shooting was that was so common by october of 1913 many decided they should build cellars under their tents in part if this is that they were digging for the winter so the soldiers were to store food and do things americans typically do but now they are supposed to be defensive structures. they were afraid to gun battles with breakout and they wanted to have a place where women and children in particular could be safeguarded. the other important consequence of the shooting end of the violence is the state militia was called out so at the behest of local law-enforcement officials to governors and the state militia and at this point they had a very bad reputation among the labor movement. the militia has been used repeatedly in the coal mining regions and also in the gold and silver areas so they didn't have a good reputation among the working people of color but this was a democratic administration that had been elected with heavy support so they decided to cut them some slack. they were welcomed by both strikers and they believed that they would come and be a peacemaking force peacekeeping force. they have 1200 of them and they had a parade for the state militia which was a sort of tragedy that would become apparent six months later. the militia changes its character over the winter. two things happened. first is that most of the militiamen that have been at the national guard at the beginning of the strike mustered out on the 90 day tours of duty and this was a really unpleasant job and the farm boys and clerks and so forth who had been in the militia at the beginning of the strike didn't want to reenlist so it becomes populated by the men who worked as funds into the editing that starts happening is the colorado head of the treasurer who was sympathetic to the movement of this trusted the militia and he thought he could trust him if he refused to pay their bills and the irony of this is what the militia deities went to the coal operators and they operated a set of meetings with the other large industrial sentiment with the bankers and the railroad companies and coal mine operators and essentially the capitalists start funding the state militia so by the spring of 1914 is populated mostly by the former minority having its bills paid by the large industrial interests of the state. as tensions mount over the winter. there is a series of more violence, more controversy. mother jones gets arrested. it's a nasty strike from beginning to end. and in early april it looks like things were getting better. the governor felt like things were improving and he withdrew the militia from from southern colorado and again it's one of those actions that seemed like a good thing that would have tragic consequences because the militiamen who remained in southern colorado became more and more paranoid and felt less safe than they had before. what happened on april 20 in the massacre is still a little tough to piece together. it's a polarized world with different perceptions of what happened. most of the evidence suggests that there have been a lot of trash talking on the day before and both militia men and strikers believed that their opponents were getting ready to start something and both groups were ready to go. they were fearing for their lives. on the morning of april 20, the head of the militia ordered one of the strike leaders who was referred to as the captain of the colony, the local militia commander orders him to come in and there's a woman looking for her husband claiming that her husband was being held by the strikers against his will and this minor incident would set the stage for the violence that happened later on. it's impossible to tell at this point who shot first but gunfire began and both sides were ready for a fight and be believed that the other, that their opponent was about to try to wipe them away. so the fighting got very heated to very quickly. the next stage of the fighting is that strikers try to save the colony so they used the sellers that they had dug the previous winter and most were put underground for their own protection and then the male strikers tried to divert the militia fire away from the colony so they tried to get out of there and went into the july creek bed and tried to get the militiamen to start shooting at the colony. the problem with the strategy is the militiamen now have the colony after that his disposal. so the militia takeover of the colony and under very suspicious circumstances the colony caught on fire. it's a little tough to say how it caught on fire. this is one of the many things that remains controversial about the massacre. the strikers would accuse them of deliberately setting the tents on fire and the militiamen would say they are using exploding bullets. i think that the militiamen may well have sent the tents on fire. as the colony burned, some of them burned very harshly and above one seller in particular there was a silver that was being used as an infirmary and the people were mostly very young children and women and about this particular seller of the fire burned so hot that it began to suck the oxygen out of the cellar and most of the people, not all of them but most of them worked 68 it. a few people made it out alive but it was really this event. something that was more unclear whether we call this the massacre today without that large amounts of killing in a particular seller. as the day was ending the strikers throughout southern colorado learned what happened. they didn't quite get no but the body count was. people were saying 60 or 100. the body count would be clear for several days but they knew a lot of people were dead and throughout the region they uncashed weapons that they had been against the governor's orders. they had guns cached throughout southern colorado. they formed themselves into the small military brigade. they were better at small group small-group tactics in the state militia turned out to be. this was a sort of guerrilla war that you can think of as a prize and by the time they laid down their arms ten days later when they sent federal send federal troops out because about 30 people and dynamited a couple of the mayans and the strike a couple of company towns into the targeting was deliberate. it was the place is the fourth most depressed in the the minds and the mines and the company towns. so the massacre in the lasting reverberations some cases in years for the sort of loose ends in the tragedy to play themselves out. to this day it is quite controversial. it's been the last few decades that people have been talking about it. and in a lot of ways, this is a kind the kind of civil war in that kind of the state and people have that on both sides into and that these communities are very small type make -- tightknit communities and people often sort of have family members or friends on the other sides side said this continued to be a divisive history and it wasn't something people readily talked about in most of the former communities and fields. it was part of a series of struggles and violent conflicts by which american workers managed to achieve significant gains. they were in a lot of ways defeats in the union. they played a small but important part of paving the way for the new deal labor relations and append the new deal policies i think were responsible in a lot of ways for creating the american middle class. thanks to the labor movement, american workers by the mid-20 century were enjoying unprecedented standards of living and conditions improved significantly in the coal mining and a lot of other industries and i think at this point in the early 20th century the movement in the united states has gotten so small it is so besieged by the right to work movement and larger shifts in the economy it's easy for many people to forget just how important work and working people are to our democracy and our prosperity. >> we talk with the author of the beekeepers lament how one man helped save america. >> my name is john miller. i keep honeybees. it's what i do. it's what i always do. my dad was committed to the -- was his dad was. it's what we do. >> he takes them between california and north dakota so he's a commercial beekeeper and sells honey and polarizes crops. i had no idea that it was so important to everybody's diet. when i started the project i just thought they were fuzzy and cute and made honey and i like sweet stuff so i always liked honey but quickly i learned that they actually pollinate one in every three bytes that we eat including stuff like cherries and berries and peaches. so we would be able to eat without them pollinating the crops but our diets diets would be a lot less interesting and a lot less fun for us. the way modern agriculture works now you can't count on the local bees to pollinate the crops because there are miles of crops as far as the eye can see. you need a lot of bees and then it is a desert so they can't survive in that environment. the way modern agriculture works it requires these guys like the migratory beekeepers to get them out as quickly as possible afterwards. after words. i first met john miller in 2004. )-right-paren i met him, he was having a -- i think that he lost about half of his beans that year. at that time it didn't get a lot of attention. and then i followed him around and kept in touch with him and two years later in 2006, 2007 a beekeeper discovered that a bunch of his bees had gone missing. the queen was still there and it was like a hopi colony accept all of the forgers have disappeared into this became known as colony collapse disorder which got a lot of media attention because it was mysterious. nobody knew what was causing it but realistically in reality honey bees have been dying for a while and it specialized in the early '90s when this nasty little mite arrived in the u.s. by the early '90s that blanketed the country and it's hard to keep them healthy without treating the mites. most of them the vast majority of the country have died off but both agreed cost they are putting medicine that aren't very good for the bees. in 2004 when he lost the bees he assumed that it was a virus and then dying again in 2006 and 2007 and people started paying attention. but as colony collapse disorder but people tend to confuse the larger because of a number of things. the mites, nutrition that they are undergoing and moving all around the yard dying for lots of reasons and it was a specific event that happened in 2006 to 2009. right now they are hanging in there and they are getting paid more for their pollination work. the biggest sort of cash cow is on the pollination. they are reliant for an acre of all men's it's not pollinate it it will produce about 40 pounds if it is pollinated by is pollinate at the plate for honeybees others will produce about a thousand so it is a huge profit center for the farmers right now so they are making lots of money and paying the beekeepers lots of money to bring them into pollinate the crops and right now the prices are high enough to sustain that. other produce doesn't pay as well. they go into apples and cherries and so if they can't keep their bees healthy and have to put so much money into restocking and growing their bees we could see the produce prices going up. it's not really happening right now but that's something we need to keep an eye on even though they are losing the numbers are about one third of the population has been dying each year it's a little better this year but that isn't a number that is considered sustainable ten to 15% of losses. there are more and more backyard beekeepers these days and they are -- it has become quite popular with all of the sort of urban agriculture that's become more trendy and i think a lot of people have responded to what happened with all of the losses by getting hives in their yards and it's a wonderful development because these commercial beekeepers can't afford to lose all of their bees. they have tons of employees who depend on them. so they have to treat their bees and they have to feed them supplemental feed and all the things that a lot of people -- they have to haul them around to pollinate crops. backyard beekeepers have the opportunity and they have the freedom to fail. they are just doing it for fun. so a lot of local backyard of the keepers experiment with genetics and getting the same bees. they are getting local bees and they are treating for the mites. they are not getting the sugar water. people are hoping that their experiments will filter up to the commercial environment if they can build stronger bees and find ways to take care of them without the industrial treatments and without hurting the bees and ultimately build a stronger heard as well. >> the public is more aware because of things like the collapse disorder and of the 30% that are dying each year. one of the things i conclude in my book is that it may be one of the best things that happened to the honey bee because they were dying in large number season before the collapse hit and nobody knew about it. nobody knew how important they were and the beekeepers just have to suck it up and there wasn't a lot of money and research and now people are concerned and realize how important they are and they have the checkers to say give bees at chance. booktv is on location at the university of north carolina chapel hill where we interviewed some professors were also offers. adjoining ours charles his most recent book is the missing martyrs why there are so few muslim terrorists. professor, you write in your book the bad news for americans are islamists and terrorists are out to get you. then you go on to say the good news is this, there are not very many of them. >> that seems counterintuitive i think because counterterrorism is often in the news and we see the horrible attacks around the world and in the united states. of course on september 11, 2001 the worst in memory. the arrests here and there and being disrupted and a if you step back for a second and think what is the overall picture of the threat assessment for public safety in the united states and around the world there isn't nearly as much terrorism as we were afraid there might be in the weeks and months after. experts were telling us to expect the new normal that we would get a tax like this on a regular basis and we haven't. and in fact even though we don't want to dismiss this thread, i want to put it in perspective and the book tries to do that. it tries to say how come we haven't seen more and what is the scale of the threat to public safety from terrorism versus other sorts of threats. >> how many terrorists are there in the world? >> i tried to estimate that based on the declassified documents and reports by the security professionals, and it appears there are fewer than 100,000 terrorists. that sounds like a huge number. that is a swarm of people out to get us but almost all of them are folks that were focused on their own country. what they want to do is make a revolution in their own country far away from here and basically in a handful of places where there's active revolutionary islamist movement. so more than 90% are no threat to americans here in the united states. they are engaged in terrorism as a means to what they see as an effective revolutionary strategy but they won't be wandering to attack americans so these are places like afghanistan, pakistan, iraq. some parts of the region of western africa and a handful of other places where bubble of the revolutionary bible of the revolutionary islamists are using the terrorist methods are located. after 9/11 the fbi director went to congress and said he suspected that there were several hundred al qaeda militants in the united states can bring to an attack on the scale of 9/11. it isn't anything near that. we have found a handful of al qaeda related to terrorists in the united states and most of them were not effective, they were hanging on and were really not ready for the big leap. we notice to the fbi informant in almost every case of the terrorist plot in the united states related to the revolutionaries abroad. if there were two or more people in the room one of them was an fbi informant. we have been very fortunate if that is the case. there have been attacks like the boston marathon bombing and cases where militants have gotten a hold of weapons and explosives and there've been fatalities and horrible injuries and i don't mean to minimize data to think in terms of the threat of the public safety there have been 37 deaths that we can attribute to islamist terrorism in the united states since 9/11. added to that the 3,000 on 9/11 itself. over the same peer coder than 190,000 murders in the united states and we have over 12,000 a year so terrorism isn't a leading cause of death it is a miniscule portion of the murders that we see in the united states each year. obviously i'm not in favor of terrorism and i don't mean to minimize it in the context is not a it is not a threat to public safety. >> what about those that are overseas are they in any way a threat or should we be concerned about them in general? make absolutely. the revolutionary movements of all sorts of threats, but more of a civil war, organized crime. there there's a number of threats many of them in the globalized world that affect america. things spread very quickly around the world. that wasn't the main threat overseas or here in the united states. >> what about the training camps? are they being set up in pakistan and afghanistan? >> yes. we know from all sorts of declassified evidence. i don't have access to the classified stuff, but the training camps exist. what's interesting is that since the us-led invasion of afghanistan in 2001, the size of the campus tiny compared to what it was and the taliban regime in afghanistan. so at that time they had hundreds or thousands of people being trained, militants going to the campus and now the camps are very small and more isolated they are out in the desert sand and remote locations in west africa or somalia. if we look at the aftermath, the amount of terrorism has actually been lower since 9/11 than it was in the years before 9/11 according to the global terrorism database and other sources to track these things. excluding the civil war so there's a handful that are very bloody. in afghanistan and iraq and pakistan. those have generated a huge number of casualties. it's probably thousands of people a year and that's where we see doubleclick to terrorism fatalities these days. outside of the civil war the numbers are considerably lower globally than before 9/11. the fatalities of terrorism. we are living in a much safer world than we did at any point. there are a few interesting floors and a civil wars now than in the previous decades. there is tremendous misery going on but is that the world is looking at these days. looking at the content encoding from public health to political violence and to all sorts of things that i think that we should take some sort of a sense of pride and relaxation perhaps and turn down the volume on our anxiety when we look at how much we have accomplished in reducing violence in the world. >> professor, the reduction and here is another world is due to some of the measures that we took after 9/11? >> i think that has to be factored in some cases the heightened attention and scrutiny and the crackdown on the groups that were previously allowed to operate more or less with impunity almost every government in the world is now against terror tourism in destroying to actively suppress the groups in the territory that wasn't necessarily the case before 9/11. all sorts of police actions and more incarcerations and legal treatments and people convicted of terrorism related crimes that's probably played into it. at the same time, most of what is going on here is that muslims and others are not interested. there just aren't that many arrests, there isn't that much of a difference in the legal treatments to account for the change in patterns in the terrorist activities. if you think about islamic terrorists into the revolutionaries who have a global spam like al qaeda and its affiliates and allies they think of themselves as having 1.5 billion constituents. every muslim in the world appealing in their paper documents into public pronouncements. that is a lot of potential. but most of those folks have no interest whatsoever either in what al qaeda and the other groups are selling in the islamic state or in the means that they are proposing to get to reach that goal. they are just not interested. if even 1% were open to that message, the message is out there on the internet. anybody can find it. the recipes into the tools are engaging in the act of violence are out there and anybody can get them. if even a fraction, tiny fraction of the worlds more than a billion muslims were interested we would see violence every day and everywhere, but we don't. we see it here and there. there can be horrible events if you lived there it is a terrible thing that today and overall the scope is appalling. these are murderers. fortunately most people are not buying that message. so yes, law enforcement has had an impact and counterterrorism has probably had an impact, but the main heroes of the story are the folks saying that isn't for me. people living their ordinary lives. i think they deserve some credit for just being human to review gives credit to everybody think of goodness we are not all violent maniacs. if our support of israel still a big factor? >> how much is the the u.s. a focus? we are the global hegemon. we are the worlds most powerful world's most powerful country and we have an opinion and often, the military diplomatic say in every major dispute around the world. so, we are going to get it attracted a disproportionate amount of attention from groups who are upset about the way that things are in the world and that is especially the case for the islamic militants who believe that we are at war with islam, that that is our goal of islam. the bulletin boards and pronouncements on youtube. of the muslims and non-muslims around the world who believe there is a truth to that but we are in the power that we are intervening places and have no business being that we are hostile to all sorts of alternatives to the political religious cultural beliefs. to pick up the guns and do something violent in response they have a political opinion editors anti-americanism out there and a fair bit of it according to the survey. there's a fair bit of it in france and in a lot of countries where they are not generating terrorism. i think we need to separate those political views. people have a right to. you have a right to those political views from violent acts that you cannot have a right to engage in. very small number is engaging in the acts of nazi anti-americans that disagree with them and disagree with parts of what they think is. it's a huge issue and it's a front page headline banner issue in the world. for americans, it is sort of a sideshow but it's a major era for many people around the world. what's interesting is you have your case of probably the world's only case of perfectly overlapping duplicate nationalisms. the two movements at their extremes. the palestinians and other movements claim all of palestine as they see it and similar movements and their movement show there is no palestine and they claim all of palestine for israel. that is a difficult thing to solve. i'm not sure if an american president if one were to engage in debate on scene on and off about it ever solved that. but we were heavily on one side and seen as heavily on the other side of this conflict and yet that is a constant talking point for the islamic revolutionaries are out of the world. but also for all sorts of political movement as well. they are not islamic revolutionaries were engaged in terrorism. i don't see an easy way out of this politically it's very difficult in the united states for us to change sides even if the president or administration wanted to. this is just the world as it is and we are going to be living with this for some time. on the other end, i'm happy to be surprised and two take a back some of the dramatic developments that change the situation. i've written a book on iran about the revolution in iran called the unthinkable revolution in iran and the revolution of the major political changes and of course uprising that are are inherently unpredictable. you really can't tell and they are unpredictable because the people making them didn't know they were going to succeed until they succeeded. those kind of changes happen constantly. everybody says how come we didn't see it coming? because you can't. these things are literally unpredictable. we will know them when they happen. so come if something happens that changes the course either of the israeli-palestinian interaction or changes the course of the dramatic event occurring in the islamic revolutionary movements i will come out and say that i was wrong. i was wrong. i didn't see it coming, i didn't predict it but then i would say i'm right because these things are unpredictable. >> charles, in the missing markers you spend a bit of time critiquing bernard lewis. who is he implied that you could he can? >> bernard lewis for decades is perhaps the leading middle east specialist in the united states. an eminent figure, professor of princeton, author of many books including many bestsellers as well as academic books on the middle east. but he has a view of the middle east sort of an unchanging base where the abuse of people -- 30 years ago can explain what people think today. i don't see it that way. i think that there's been a huge break where before in the middle ages up to middle ages up to about a century and a half ago has very little to do with how people believe and engage today. the rise of the modern state has changed people's identities and their form of action and the scope of action. people now are engaged in national movements into believing their national identities. not all of them but a huge portion and they didn't see that two centuries ago. islam has come to mean something very different than what they meant two centuries ago for the vast majority of muslims that means for many of them a return to the secret sources, not the traditions that their forefathers practiced. so you see all sorts of islamic authorities popping out of the woodwork. you can have somebody that is a civil engineer mike bin laden claimed to be an authority on islam. he was not a trained islamic scholar. he was a do-it-yourself scholar and yet he was accepted by a small portion but unfortunately a dangerous portion of the muslim community. popping up all over the new sorts of authorities and islam and a new sorts of action that's why i think that the medievalist who tells us what happened cannot extrapolate what is going to be happening in 2014 or on any given year in the modern era. >> we are sitting here on the campus of the university of north carolina chapel hill. you open the missing markers with a story about mohammed. who is it? >> guest: he was a university here that graduated several years ago and was working at a local pizza place as a delivery person and as he was becoming more and more enamored in the islamic terrorism of the revolutionary upheaval he was muslim by background although not religious at all and in fact was raised in a shia muslim household whereas al qaeda and other islamic revolutionaries of that sort really dislike them and feel they are not real muslims. he didn't have any sense of that and he wasn't trained so he was another do-it-yourself theologian. while he was delivering pizza he decided he wanted to engage in an act of terrorism to support peaceful as a revolutionary movement against u.s. imperialism in the war against islam. so he went to a store near here that also has a firing range and he tried out a number of handguns and he really likes one model and he said i will take it and he was going to use that he's had to go to the dining hall on campus at lunchtime and shoot up as many people as he could and kill as many people as he could. the dining hall i go to on a regular basis and by students would have been a horrible bloody tragedy. so they said well you need according to the federal and north carolina law you have to get a permit, go to the county sheriff to get the permit city goes to the county sheriff and it says you need to have two character witnesses said that you are fit to have a handgun. he was such a loner by this point that he didn't even feel he could ask his roommates to sign for him and he gave up on that plan. he could have gone to any number of places online or the gun at a gun show or got one without a permit. of course there are tons of illegal guns. he gave up on that and we are lucky that he did. instead he rented a full meal -- four-wheel-drive gigot and drove him to campus a quarter mile from here, drove onto the campus, drove past the english building and the dining hall and went to the center of the campus called the pit. it was early march just like this but it was a beautiful day unlike today and there are all sorts of people hanging around and having lunch and he stops for a moment according to the students that he saw. he gets to the central area, stocks and injuries as fast as he can to get people as they scatter out of the way. some of them went off the windshield and the bumpers and one went under a tire but fortunately he didn't kill anybody. we had broken bones but nobody was killed. we've are fortunate that again his incompetence or whatever, lack of foresight he picked a location that was symbolic. it's a pretty sight but you wouldn't expect but it's also a very short area and he couldn't get that much speed going so he had to stop and turn and he didn't go as fast as he needed to in order to not kill people so he had nine injuries and drove off campus and then he had to decide and i going to give myself up, make a run for it or engage in another act of violence that you decides to give himself up in is over a pimp is over in a neighborhood and pulls out his cell phone with the car still running he calls 911 and we have the recording of that called. he says i just ran over they just ran over a bunch of people on the campus of chapel hill into the emergency person on the hill said what and keeps him on the phone and asks him to spend his last name until he is frustrated. he was trained to keep them on the phone until the police arrived. he turned himself in and he's thrilled to have engage in this act and you can see him smiling in the photos. here's somebody that radicalized by himself here on the campus in the small town in to want to kill people. we know all of this in what to make you was playing on the stereo while he was engaged in this act because he wrote hundreds of pages of letters from jail to the local student newspaper if they were willing to share with me. and we have a very inside of you inside his head picture of how somebody radicalized his to the extent that people become just pawns. if you think now if now if all of the slightly off people who might go down the path of violence who are out there, driving a car on a sidewalk can be an act of terrorism if you call it that, if you want it to be bad and yet it doesn't happen very often. it is that easy. so as terrible as that act was and showed us here in chapel hill, i think that we can also have a second response after the shock and dismay. we are pretty fortunate that more people don't have that perspective, that more people are not engaged in violence of the sort that we are and living generally in a peaceful society. and so folks that are out there saying muslims are all potential terrorists come, but they shouldn't be given religious freedoms to build houses of worship is like other people and they should be mistrusted and according to surveys there is a growing portion of the population that believes those hateful things, they just haven't really followed the news, not the news of the attacks but on the days when there are no attacks. the big picture here is that there has not been nearly as much terror as him as we feared there would be. and that is good news. charles is a professor of sociology at the university of north carolina. his most recent book is the missing markers why there are so few muslim terrorists. this is book tv on c-span2. .. a and his latest book, "a deadly wandering: a tale of tragedy and redemption in the age of attention" in its the new york times reporter tells the story of a tragic car accident due to texting from impact through the court proceeding. it combines the disturbing real-life story with a thorough examination of the distractions of technology and their impact on society. the program is about one hour. >> host: hello. i'm here today hosting "after words" with matt rectal, and congratulations on your new and very powerful book, a deadly wondering. i think it's a story about a crash and yet so much more. it's

Al fresco paradise - Boulder Weekly

Up on the roof, on the patio or by a flowing creek, Boulder County boasts epic fresh-air dining options. Boulder Weekly

BREAKING: Man fired round, now barricaded on Flagstaff Road

BREAKING: Man fired round, now barricaded on Flagstaff Road

BREAKING: Man fired round, now barricaded on Flagstaff Road

BREAKING: Man fired round, now barricaded on Flagstaff Road

A day offstage from 'Gwyneth Goes Skiing' with Awkward Productions

Deer Valley wants to put in foundations for towers of Lift 7 this summer

Deer Valley Resort anticipates beginning the first stage of construction of a key lift this summer, the top staffer at the resort said.

Natural Selections: Houndstongue is a noxious, poisonous weed with nasty seeds and pretty flowers

After spending several hours stalking and photographing butterflies on Flagstaff Mountain, I returned home and spent about 10 minutes removing burs from my jeans and wool socks.