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African American literature, body of literature written by Americans of African descent. Beginning in the pre-Revolutionary War period, African American writers have engaged in a creative, if often contentious, dialogue with American letters. The result is a literature rich in expressive subtlety and social insight, offering illuminating assessments of American identities and history. Although since 1970 African American writers, led by Toni Morrison, have earned widespread critical acclaim, this literature has been recognized internationally as well as nationally since its inception in the late 18th century. African Americans launched their literature in North America during the second half of the
BostonMassachusettsUnited-statesUnited-kingdomConnecticutBritainAmericansAmericaAmericanBritishPhillis-wheatleyMariaw-stewartPrecursor to the Hussite Wars: Jan Hus and the Writings of John Wycliffe
The story of the Hussites begins with the figure of Jan Hus, a Christian reformer who preceded Martin Luther by about a century. Born around 1370 in Husinec, southern Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic), little is known about Hus’ family, save that they were poor. It may be added that Hus’ surname was taken from his place of birth. At a young age, Hus left his hometown for Prague, where he earned his living by singing and serving in the churches.
Around 1390, Hus began his studies at the University of Prague. He graduated in 1393/4, and in 1396 received his master’s degree, after which he began teaching at his alma mater. In 1400, Hus was ordained a priest, and subsequently became confessor to the queen of Bohemia. In the following year, Hus became the dean of the philosophy faculty at the University of Prague. In 1402, Hus was appointed rector of the university.
GermanyHusinecStredoceskýCzech-republicRomeLazioItalyLipanyVatican-cityPraguePrahaHlavníesto