of speech and freedom of press. giving freedom of choice global news that matters d. w. made for mines. this is. the united nations morning that we're falling behind in the race against climate change between current greenhouse gas emissions and target levels remains to watch report comes just days before the next round of human environment talks are set to open in poland also coming up scientists around the world are condemning
the chinese researcher who says he's created the first genetically edited baby even his own university says that the work violates ethical stand so. it's good to have you with us tonight a stark warning about global warming the united nations says we are falling further behind in the race to limit climate change global emissions of greenhouse gases shows no sign of peaking according to a report released today by the un's environment agency in fact c o two emissions this year are higher for the first time in four years and the report is urging countries to put more forward more ambitious voluntary national targets the european union's climate chief has called for net zero emissions by the year two thousand and fifty that me. the european union would not create any more emissions
then it removed. are we going to get back on target here to talk about that i'm joined from paris by an old hoff she is a climate scientist at the un environment denmark technical university she is also a leave author of that report out today it's good to have you on the show your report finds that the gap between greenhouse gas emissions and global targets to limit emissions is wider than ever so set out for us in layman's terms what that means exactly are we just polluting more than we should we are policing all of them oh you can say that the ambitions that countries have put forward in the current. contributions which is what they promised to do within the u.n. framework tenants and climate change and on to the past agreement do not live up to what science tells us needs to be done we measure it's got it's we where we're
headed and where we need to be. in in twenty six year which is what the pitches look at. the new science is such as yourself tell is that if we continue with the current trend temperatures are on track drives roughly four degrees celsius by the centuries and i mean what would the consequences of that be. well actually the report says that if countries continue to implement the current official level less expressed in the nationally disownment contributions we will be facing around three to three point two degrees so it's one of the century we've already seen and he says this estimate record is the answer governmental panel on climate change that would have extraordinary effects especially on populations and areas that are already under significant stress. in the paris in climate agreement immediate aims obviously to limit this increase in global temperatures do you still
see that agreement as the main instrument with which the world can achieve some type of control. increase or control climate change. so there's no doubt the has a green light in the process under the un it is to keep political purposes to both raise and bishan but also to accelerate action but in addition a lot of other stuff is going on we've seen this year earlier this year at the global climate action summit that non-state to some national action says are stepping up that action and setting what ma impish pledges and that can help bring about some of the change that we need that we need to see a need to see in a very short time frame all right and joining us tonight from paris climate scientists at the un environments denmark technical university missile i think you very much face the. well here are some of the other stories now
that are making headlines around the world a russian court in crimea has jailed a number of ukrainian sailors held after a standoff at sea on sunday they've been remanded in custody for two months pending trial the men were captured when russian vessels fired on board and seized three ukrainian boats near the disputed crimean peninsula mexico says that it has deported almost one hundred central american migrants who tried to cross illegally from tia juana into the united states on sunday it has also called on the u.s. to investigate how u.s. border agents came to fire tear gas across the border when migrants stormed a wall near san diego. or tonight scientists around the world are condemning a chinese doctor who claims to have created the world's first genetically edited babies and he says he altered the d.n.a. of twin girls born earlier this month to try to make them resistant to infections
with hiv but his claims have prompted a backlash from the scientific community including the one in china with many casting doubt on these supposed breakthrough and questioning its ethics. the study is not yet been published but academics around the world say quaid has crossed the line the geneticist is said to have changed the d.n.a. of two babies born earlier this month through regular in vitro fertilization. claims the father of the two babies is hiv positive and that he edited the genes while there were just embryos to make them resistant to the virus. i feel a strong response be to. that it's not just to make a first but also make good. example there we have some want some well history in this if it's not me it's someone else questions are now being asked
about the credibility of his urine quiz claims along with his motivations did he simply want to further scientific research on the topic even though scientists worldwide have so far agreed not to test gene editing on embryos. that i made he wanted to play god i don't know i think doing these kinds of tests on humans is absolutely inexcusable we have no idea about what side effects there might be what might happen to these children in the next fifteen to twenty years doing these kinds of experiments on humans is beyond reason and ethically completely unacceptable the gene editing technology used in the experiment was initially developed to treat inherited diseases it involves changing the genetic make up of plant life animals and humans. it's a special protein that can be precisely programmed to take out entire snippets of d.n.a. . mutated genes which can cause diseases for example can be
completely switched off. genes can not only because out but they can also be repaired or even replaced. using the technology on human embryos however has so far been taboo not all research is feel bound by these ethical traditions for some it may be more important to prove they're at the forefront of gene therapy technology. by max i meant hundred in the house in my opinion this represents a reckless human experiment and feel you can neither the risks nor the benefits of being properly established in society hasn't been consulted me it's medically not necessary the whole thing was announced a day before a major international summit on the topic and it's a provocation. the case has also caused an uproar in china more than one hundred scientists have signed an open letter denouncing it as risky and
unjustified adding that it hummed the reputation and development of the by medical community in china. art or science reporter gary williams joins me here at the big table so we haven't had independent confirmation that this even really took place i know what we have so far as basically a video on you tube with a claim that didn't take the normal path that these things usually take which is generally publication in the scientific journals followed by peer review or what is wrong with which is a peer review journal and so basically what we have is a claim we've had those kinds of things before and they've ended up not being what the what the researchers claims they were so at this point everybody is still waiting to see whether or not the research actually did take place and when you did you hear the news that the headline says that ok you've got these babies that are genetically resistant to hiv which that sounds like
a good thing isn't it well it does certainly on the surface but the problem is when you begin meddling around with the genome you're not only changing one thing you might have one positive effect but you could at the same time be changing something else that has a much more negative effect for example long term and there's not only that the the tool that's being used chris precast not this technology that we heard about in the piece it's a very very powerful tool it's also very highly precise but it's not perfect and they have what are called off target effect so when you use this tool you can also change the genomes genome in an unexpected way so a claim that these children are healthy and everything is perfect is actually. has no basis in reality right so there's no certainty here in this science if they say that you're resistant to a certain virus it can also mean that later in life you could get a certain type of cancer they can't guarantee the future exactly. talking about the
future this type of genetically. edited organisms in the human species it's going to happen if it doesn't happen today in china is going to happen tomorrow so maria is would you agree with me on that is inevitable it is inevitable we have the tools we have these powerful tools which initially also we can't blame the technology the technology is also useful in many other fields for example we do everything every living thing has a genome editing humans genomes for example has helped us in things like like like crop development we're able to quickly produce plants now by with this very very precise tool that for example drought resistant so that the tool is not only the it's not only about editing human genomes it's about editing d.n.a. we're getting more and more control of it but the problem is that we still don't know enough about the big picture so when we're editing it we might be making mistakes that we're not even aware that we're making which is why all of the researchers are coming out and saying we need to be dealing with us in a much more slow step by step passions we know the chinese scientists he's due to
appear right as part of a panel discussion on human embryos editing in hong kong in just a few hours when we've been wrong so what sort of reception do you think he's going to get well first why has it published a paper now hasn't published a paper and i don't think that the reception is going to be a very positive one because i think a lot of the a lot of the people who work in this particular field are very angry about it because they feel that they feel that he's really jumped the gun as we said this is a technology that's and that is going to be part of our future as human beings at some point we are going to begin to edit embryos in particular when it comes to genetic conditions but this at this point is a little too early. in the asking us to trust scientists and trust is a rare commodity nowadays so we'll have to see what the future brings there are waves as always thank you. sports the champions league football is back
tonight as the penultimate match of the group stage sees from all over europe scrambling to take it to the knockout stages but for byron munich. there's more than just qualification at stake his job is also on the line i coach on thin ice on saturday by and were held to a home draw against the league second worst team. by an president branded the performance slapstick refusing to comment on nico coach's future beyond choose days champions league game on monday a prickly coach insisted he has the backing of his players. for example i've had conversations with several players and the ones i spoke to told me what i'm about to tell you this. relationship is exceptionally good not just with the players that i spoke to by the way they also amongst themselves and. for the
beleaguered by inside opponents been feachem a look an easy target having lost two of the last three league games in portugal but by and missing five key players through injury and their own mistakes have been their killie's heel this season. we analyze every game and we can see where we're making mistakes and unfortunately the mistakes that we keep repeating. throwing everything out and starting from scratch isn't possible when you only have fourteen feet out there and play is. by and have never before lost to benfica as the margin for error shrinks needs a win to breathe easy. and here's a reminder of the top stories that we're following for you the united nations environment program has warned that the world is falling behind in the race against climate change the gap between current greenhouse gas and this. and those needed to achieve temperature reduction goals is widening says the organization and the world
the budget next on d w. blood weapons from the us start being used on the battlefield and yet. our exclusive report reveals how saudi arabia and the united arab emirates buy weapons in europe . and he's like them on the front violating international law such the enduser yemen and the global arms trade. in forty five minutes d w. closely. listen carefully. to me. to get.
discovered the. ilads. subscribe to the documentary on you tube. welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w here's what's coming up in humans colonize the moon or mars they'll have to grow their own food scientists are working in antarctica. secret says protect coasts but the underwater meadows are in decline can an artificial substitute help. and we go to china or
trees are using chris because nine hundred ninety two genetically modified organisms. christic has nine is a gene editing technique used to make targeted changes to d.n.a. . it's a kind of molecular system that can sniff the plants and cells genes to remove replace selected parts of the. microbiologist in monterey charpentier co-developed crisper decipher in the mechanism by which bacteria defend themselves against invading viruses it's a groundbreaking discovery that is made crisper a widely used biotechnological method. now a research and challenging china has sparked outrage with his claim to have made the first anetta key edited babies using crisper. he says the ultimate the genes of two embryos in order to prevent hiv infection scientists in china and around the world condemned the move as irresponsible and unethical but when it comes to
breeding animals and plants research and industry secrets but as a tool with huge potential. china is going all in with crisper cast nine technology for example at the agricultural giant syngenta the firm based in switzerland was acquired by kim china in twenty seventeen. beijing is head of research at the beijing laboratory crisper technology is being used on crops here they could one day end up on dinner plates. in china also make a national strategic priority say or a need to. be also or want to walk as a leader in this area so china put to us a national strategic you're proud to say we need to invest think united we need to also develop the technology. crisper technology is already proving
a revolution in plant breeding a trend beijing believes is urgently needed. we only have a limited demand a resource for the whole world is there are there eventually is our people population is growing and await me a lot more food if the new breeding technology just help us to breed much better and faster way to get those products to the market the gene editing method could for example be used to prevent plant diseases like powdery mildew which is common in some wheat varieties. in older genome editing approaches a gene from an unaffected weak variety had to be transplanted into a susceptible variety using the new genome editing tool only a single gene needs to be snipped out of the susceptible wheat to make it immune to the disease. that finding is the work of gosh
a pioneering plant biologist at the chinese academy of sciences. she also studies we. hear this is our call the noodle this isn't the way. this plant was sex are they using crisper economically and that here is a normal way for plants alike in fact neither one week ago for this part of the of the other you can see i hope you can see that the difference so this on the surface of this the youth and the pounds you couldn't see. a new func aykroyd father here it's very clear the piles up by. quite a lot fungi growing to fend it off all the researchers had to do was switch off one gene the you know this is like a breakthrough technology and the this technology helps really a lot for basic research if you can. here this technique is like
a conventional breathing obviously simple reading and. so this technology is a very efficient it cost the last of these very fast. and very precise. the new we could hit supermarkets soon crisper technology has been used on other plants as well like to create potatoes that have a longer shelf life or mushrooms that don't go brown as quickly or tomatoes the ripen faster than usual crisper technology has enormous potential the technique allows researchers to edit genomes in small but important ways which means changes more closely mimic what might happen in nature. increase for technology it's of are very often you cannot distinguish from a need for me. if i don't tell you it's in there what is this because of the. occur only at a while maybe only one base pair
a nucleus it cannot and then this movie isn't easy either for this nature. sully's for thought the distinguished. a crisper super wheat could conquer grocery shelves without anyone noticing the technology has many upsides but does it pose risks too should the swarm of genome editing be given free rein because it more closely mimics natural evolution or should it be as strictly regulated as older gene editing approaches. in the european union a decision on those questions was reached in mid twenty eighteen the european court of justice and luxembourg ruled that plants ever did with crisper technology are still genetically modified organisms and as g.m.o. they're subject to strict regulations and the e.u. . so in europe at least crisper added it crops won't be planted commercially any
time soon. allow us to introduce c. elegans. this tiny round when is a favorite object for me said his it has a simple body plan and its genome has been completely decoded for example it has been shown to have a gene linked to lifespan and aging it turns out that humans have that gene too it seems that much of the way we age is programmed in our d.n.a. but what exactly does aging involve. we all get old. it's inevitable. no amount of moisturizing will help. and why is that. while aging is controlled by biological process that. when we're young cell division or my toe says mostly results in perfect daughter cells genetic material
that is damaged. by radiation for example. it's fixed by d.n.a. repair mechanisms. but as we get older there's an accumulation of damage caused by oxygen free radicals radiation or errors during my ptosis. our cells become less efficient. we suffer a loss of organ function. in the heart become weaker our lungs no longer work as well. liver and kidney function also start to decline our main organs that filter waste. so we start to show signs of where one thing leads to another decline in cardiac and lung function means our bodies aren't adequately supplied with blood and oxygen so they become weaker the downward spiral continues because
we feel we can we exercise less. it's a vicious circle. regular exercise is one way of delaying the aging process. the immune system is powerless to stop aging it produces fewer natural killer cells these help defend us against viral bacterial and fungal infection. they can even recognize and destroy tumor cells the fewer killer cells we have the greater the risk will fall sick. auto immune disorders can also a care as we get older. this means our immune systems can mistakenly attack and destroy healthy body tissues this can be to remove toit arthritis for example. so there we have it. oh and by the way the brain ages differently. most neurons the core component of the brain can't reproduce so damage through
sound division doesn't occur the biochemical changes do occur such as changes in the levels of new. transmitters the brain becomes slower in processing stimuli but there is good news the knowledge and insight that comes from a lifetime of experience help with complex thought. and surely that's more important than smooth skin. we asked you for your thoughts on aging. multiple on your says aging is inevitable but what matters is how you face it. elizabeth vargas describes growing old as a triumphal crown requiring courage and dignity so one day you can say i have loved and been loved and i leave behind a better world. for torres and tell aging is a curse he sees it as a sign that the body is deteriorating. gonzales frank has
a wish for his old age he says when you're young you foolish and the youth vanishes foolishness doesn't so he wishes for wisdom in his old age. and believes still calls aging the most disagreeable part of life but says that accepting it may make it less unpleasant. in fact there's plenty you can do to stay fit as you age be active and keep up with the latest research on aging here's one exciting project. this go around the world. these researchers are holding a conference via skype half the team is located in hamburg soon aversive the heart center the other in san francisco three years ago the u.s. space agency nasa contracted hamburg based heart specialists on your script for to research the aging process of the human cardiovascular system. and you think once
you know what to do that we have to look at the immune system because the immune system is involved in a cardiovascular aging process. yes here on earth and why do we use the arrow gravity because weightlessness imitates the aging process. the team has discovered that the body ages faster in zero gravity the problem is especially obvious in long term missions like scott kelly's the american astronaut spent a year on the international space station longer than anyone else on his return he was physically incapable of leaving the capsule without assistance it was thought to be a muscle problem but furnish that first says that's not quite the case what would you say that i know that even if his leg muscles and everything were still working you still wouldn't be able to climb out because the blood vessels especially here in the carotid artery change so much over time he couldn't regulate his blood pressure effectively. the researchers who small tubes called tissue chips to
imitate the human vascular system by simulating zero gravity with this random positioning machine they were able to show evidence of the aging process and cell changes. the tests will be replicated on the i assess to try and confirm the results in genuine microgravity. the philosophy of it not that we expect the results to be validated if that's the case then we'll have a relatively good understanding of how the aging process functions as a resi two mechanisms in the process where we think we can intervene and effectively stop it by blocking it. and we hope that will hold immune system aging of to have. those two mechanisms remain a closely guarded secret for now but if all goes well then three year long missions to mars would become feasible and it would open the door to new medications for
cardiovascular diseases down here on earth. these fruits of the earth that end up on our dinner plates can be really tasty. but if we are to leave the earth and move to other planets it's high time we thought about what will be easing their. chances are our diets will feature home grown plants rather than meat. is it possible that one day you will inhabit the moon or mars and even plant vegetables. that would require water light and some kind of soil moss for example is pretty arid water does exist but mainly in the form of ice then there are high levels of radiation still there are a number of scientific projects that are looking into how plant life could be sustained
in space on one of these all of the initial of my vision is certainly to move towards mars or the moon it's clear that we need to expand our resources whether we go for asteroids or planets at some stage we'll need to move beyond the euro's that's the nature of human exploration or. could be stoops hold the secret for growing plant life on mars or the moon klaus lenska has spent thirty five years working for a company in germany that supports european space programs although he's a biologist he always wanted to be an astronaut so he combined his two passions and began studying how life could be sustained on other planets one challenge is the aggressive meteorite dust found on the moon which would destroy the plant's lens cap believes is the solution so as often as in the the front so if you try to grow plants there are the tiny root hairs that we are all familiar with because if
The creation of a database containing Indian genomes facilitates access for researchers worldwide to learn about unique genetic variants within India's population groups. This information can be instrumental in tailoring drugs and therapies to specific genetic characteristics
Despite their long history, butterflies' genomes have remained remarkably stable for 250 million years. This stability, attributed to ancestral chromosome blocks and tight evolutionary constraints, contrasts with their high plasticity and adaptation through mechanisms like gene expression and life cycle flexibility.
Most humans alive today can trace a very small percentage of their DNA to Neanderthals. However, Neanderthal DNA is slightly more abundant in the genomes of certain populations.