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Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione are alpha-diketones that are generated during the coffee roasting process and have been shown to be related to respiratory symptoms, abnormal lung function, and in rare cases, an irreversible disease called obliterative bronchiolitis. This study measured personal exposures in a coffee roastery in New Zealand using thermal desorption tubes and explored the prevalence of respiratory symptoms with a health questionnaire. Exposures from task samples were highest for grinding (Geometric Mean (GM): 22.5 ppb diacetyl; GM: 19.3 ppb 2,3-pentanedione), followed by packaging (GM: 10.8 ppb diacetyl; GM: 9.3 ppb 2,3-pentanedione) and then roasting (GM: 4.7 ppb diacetyl; GM: 4.1 ppb diacetyl). 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) diacetyl exposures exceeded the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of 5 ppb for Roaster/Packager (GM: 6.6 ppb) and Grinder (GM: 5.3 ppb). 8-h TWA concentrations were below the NIOSH REL of 9

New zealandNational institute of occupational safetyGeometric meanNational instituteOccupational safetyRecommended exposure limit