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The former president of King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) has vowed to turn Bangkok into a welfare city if he is elected as the capital's next governor.
Vegetated ground is strengthened by the suction generated during evapotranspiration as well as physically and mechanically by the reinforcement effect induced by tree roots. When suction suddenly decreases during flooding or intense rainfall, the shear strength of the soil-plant system relies mainly on the physical root reinforcement. In this paper, the pull-out behaviour of simulated roots embedded in a compacted soil is investigated to assess how the soil-plant system is mechanically strengthened. An analytical framework is developed to estimate the pull-out force and it is validated using a series of pull-out tests. The tests are carried out on simulated roots embedded in a box of compacted soil having different water contents and equivalent dry unit weights. The results show that the pull-out capacity of this root system is mainly influenced by the initial (as-compacted) suction, and the length and diameter of the roots. The model predictions agree reasonably well with the experime
Recycling waste materials for transport infrastructure such as coal wash (CW), steel furnace slag (SFS), fly ash (FA) and recycled tyre products is an efficient way of minimising the stockpiles of waste materials while offering significant economic and environmental benefits, as well as improving the stability and longevity of infrastructure foundations. This paper presents some of the most recent state-of-the-art studies undertaken at the University of Wollongong, Australia on the use of waste materials such as (a) CW-based granular mixtures (i.e. SFS + CW, CW + FA) for port reclamation and road base/subbase and (b) using recycled tyre products (i.e. rubber crumbs, tyre cell, under-sleeper pads and under-ballast mats) to increase track stability and reduce ballast degradation. Typical methods of applying these waste materials for different infrastructure conditions are described and the results of comprehensive laboratory and field tests are presented and discussed.